Improving teenagers' knowledge of emergency contraception: cluster randomised controlled trial of a teacher led intervention.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of a teacher led intervention to improve teenagers' knowledge about emergency contraception. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:24 mixed sex, state secondary schools in Avon, south west England. PARTICIPANTS:1974 boys and 1820 girls in year 10 (14-15 year olds). INTERVENTION:Teachers gave a single lesson on emergency contraception to year 10 pupils. The teachers had previously received in-service training on giving the lesson. The pupils were actively involved during the lesson. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Questionnaires distributed to pupils at baseline and six months after the intervention assessed their knowledge of the correct time limits for hormonal emergency contraception and for use of the intrauterine device as emergency contraception, the proportion of pupils who were not virgins, the proportion who had used emergency contraception, and the pupils' intention to use emergency contraception in the future. RESULTS:The proportion of pupils knowing the correct time limits for both types of emergency contraception was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group at six months' follow up (hormonal contraception: proportion of boys 15.9% higher (95% confidence interval 6.5% to 25.3%), girls 20.4% (10.4% to 30.4%); intrauterine device used as emergency contraception: boys 4.2% (0.7% to 7.7%), girls 10.7% (0.4% to 21.0%). The number of pupils needed to be taught for one more pupil to know the correct time limits was six for boys and five for girls. The intervention and control groups did not differ in the proportion of pupils who were not virgins, in the proportion who had used emergency contraception, and in the proportion intending to use emergency contraception in the future. CONCLUSIONS:The intervention significantly improved the proportion of boys and girls knowing the correct time limits for both types of emergency contraception. The intervention did not change the pupils' sexual activity or use of emergency contraception.

journal_name

BMJ

authors

Graham A,Moore L,Sharp D,Diamond I

doi

10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1179

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2002-05-18 00:00:00

pages

1179

issue

7347

eissn

0959-8138

issn

1756-1833

journal_volume

324

pub_type

临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
  • Risk factors for neonatal encephalopathy in Kathmandu, Nepal, a developing country: unmatched case-control study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the risk factors for neonatal encephalopathy among term infants in a developing country. DESIGN:Unmatched case-control study. SETTING:Principal maternity hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal. SUBJECTS:All 131 infants with neonatal encephalopathy from a population of 21 609 infants born over an 18 mont...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1229

    authors: Ellis M,Manandhar N,Manandhar DS,Costello AM

    更新日期:2000-05-06 00:00:00

  • Computerisation of primary care in Wales.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To obtain information about the computerisation of general practice in Wales, and to enable more effective planning of educational provision for doctors and other primary health care workers. DESIGN:Postal questionnaire sent to all general practices in Wales. SUBJECTS:553 general practices, of which 401 (73...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6794.93

    authors: Goves JR,Davies T,Reilly T

    更新日期:1991-07-13 00:00:00

  • A cognitive behavioural intervention to reduce sexually transmitted infections among gay men: randomised trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of a brief cognitive behavioural intervention in reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted infections among gay men. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with 12 months' follow up. SETTING:Sexual health clinic in London. PARTICIPANTS:343 gay men with an acute sexually tran...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7300.1451

    authors: Imrie J,Stephenson JM,Cowan FM,Wanigaratne S,Billington AJ,Copas AJ,French L,French PD,Johnson AM,Behavioural Intervention in Gay Men Project Study Group.

    更新日期:2001-06-16 00:00:00

  • Influenza A/H1N1 MF59 adjuvanted vaccine in pregnant women and adverse perinatal outcomes: multicentre study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the risk of adverse perinatal events of vaccination of pregnant women with an MF59 adjuvanted vaccine. DESIGN:Cross sectional multicentre study. SETTING:49 public hospitals in major cities in Argentina, from September 2010 to May 2011. PARTICIPANTS:30,448 mothers (7293 vaccinated) and their 30,76...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1136/bmj.f393

    authors: Rubinstein F,Micone P,Bonotti A,Wainer V,Schwarcz A,Augustovski F,Pichon Riviere A,Karolinski A,EVA Study Research Group Estudio Embarazo y Vacuna Antigripal.

    更新日期:2013-02-04 00:00:00

  • Langerhans' cells and subtypes of human papillomavirus in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

    abstract::There is strong circumstantial evidence that human papillomavirus is a cofactor in the development of cervical neoplasia. Systemic immunosuppression has also been implicated. A study was therefore carried out examining the relation between subtypes of human papillomavirus and local immunocompetent cells in the cervix....

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6649.643

    authors: Hawthorn RJ,Murdoch JB,MacLean AB,MacKie RM

    更新日期:1988-09-10 00:00:00

  • BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of body mass index (BMI) and the risk of all cause mortality, and to clarify the shape and the nadir of the dose-response curve, and the influence on the results of confounding from smoking, weight loss associated with disease, and preclinical...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.i2156

    authors: Aune D,Sen A,Prasad M,Norat T,Janszky I,Tonstad S,Romundstad P,Vatten LJ

    更新日期:2016-05-04 00:00:00

  • Mortality of employees of the Atomic Weapons Establishment, 1951-82.

    abstract::A total of 22,552 workers employed by the Atomic Weapons Establishment between 1951 and 1982 were followed up for an average of 18.6 years. Of the 3115 who died, 865 (28%) died of cancer. Mortality was 23% lower than the national average for all causes of death and 18% lower for cancer. These low rates were consistent...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6651.757

    authors: Beral V,Fraser P,Carpenter L,Booth M,Brown A,Rose G

    更新日期:1988-09-24 00:00:00

  • Resting energy expenditure, substrate use, and video tapes.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of watching different types of video on energy expenditure. DESIGN:Randomised study assessing a "pleasant," an "amusing," an "exciting," and no video film clips. SUBJECTS:12 volunteers who did not know the purpose of the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Changes in energy expenditure, ...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7021.1664

    authors: Cooper BG,Matthews JN,Alberti KG

    更新日期:1995-12-23 00:00:00

  • Familial risks of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: retrospective case-control study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the contribution of inheritance to the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. DESIGN:Historical cohort study. First degree relatives of cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck made up the exposed cohort and first degree relatives of spouses of cases made up th...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7059.716

    authors: Foulkes WD,Brunet JS,Sieh W,Black MJ,Shenouda G,Narod SA

    更新日期:1996-09-21 00:00:00

  • Retention in the British National Health Service of medical graduates trained in Britain: cohort studies.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To report the percentage of graduates from British medical schools who eventually practise medicine in the British NHS. DESIGN:Cohort studies using postal questionnaires, employment data, and capture-recapture analysis. SETTING:Great Britain. SUBJECTS:32 430 graduates from all British medical schools in ni...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1136/bmj.b1977

    authors: Goldacre MJ,Davidson JM,Lambert TW

    更新日期:2009-06-03 00:00:00

  • Physiotherapy intervention late after stroke and mobility.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the intervention of a physiotherapist improved mobility in patients seen more than one year after stroke. DESIGN:Randomised crossover trial comparing two groups offered intervention by a physiotherapist, one immediately after entry into the trial and the other after a delay of three mont...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6827.609

    authors: Wade DT,Collen FM,Robb GF,Warlow CP

    更新日期:1992-03-07 00:00:00

  • Re-engineering systems for the treatment of depression in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To test the effectiveness of an evidence based model for management of depression in primary care with support from quality improvement resources. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Five healthcare organisations in the United States and 60 affiliated practices. PATIENTS:405 patients, aged ...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.38219.481250.55

    authors: Dietrich AJ,Oxman TE,Williams JW Jr,Schulberg HC,Bruce ML,Lee PW,Barry S,Raue PJ,Lefever JJ,Heo M,Rost K,Kroenke K,Gerrity M,Nutting PA

    更新日期:2004-09-11 00:00:00

  • The relation between total joint arthroplasty and risk for serious cardiovascular events in patients with moderate-severe osteoarthritis: propensity score matched landmark analysis.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine whether total joint arthroplasty of the hip and knee reduces the risk for serious cardiovascular events in patients with moderate-severe osteoarthritis. DESIGN:Propensity score matched landmark analysis. SETTING:Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS:2200 adults with hip or knee osteoarthritis aged 55 or...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.f6187

    authors: Ravi B,Croxford R,Austin PC,Lipscombe L,Bierman AS,Harvey PJ,Hawker GA

    更新日期:2013-10-30 00:00:00

  • Content and quality of 2000 controlled trials in schizophrenia over 50 years.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To provide a comprehensive survey of the content and quality of intervention studies relevant to the treatment of schizophrenia. DESIGN:Data were extracted from 2000 trials on the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Type and date of publication, country of origin, language, size o...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7167.1181

    authors: Thornley B,Adams C

    更新日期:1998-10-31 00:00:00

  • Mechanical methods of reducing blood transfusion in cardiac surgery: randomised controlled trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of two mechanical methods of blood conservation in reducing the need for allogeneic red blood cells or coagulation products during cardiac surgery. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Regional cardiac centre in a teaching hospital in Southampton. PARTICIPANTS:263 adults ...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7349.1299

    authors: McGill N,O'Shaughnessy D,Pickering R,Herbertson M,Gill R

    更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00

  • Industry funding of patient and health consumer organisations: systematic review with meta-analysis.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate pharmaceutical or medical device industry funding of patient groups. DESIGN:Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception to January 2018; reference lists of eligible studies and experts in the field. ELIGIB...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1136/bmj.l6925

    authors: Fabbri A,Parker L,Colombo C,Mosconi P,Barbara G,Frattaruolo MP,Lau E,Kroeger CM,Lunny C,Salzwedel DM,Mintzes B

    更新日期:2020-01-22 00:00:00

  • Influence of maternal age at delivery and birth order on risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood: prospective population based family study. Bart's-Oxford Family Study Group.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the influence of parental age at delivery and birth order on subsequent risk of childhood diabetes. DESIGN:Prospective population based family study. SETTING:Area formerly administered by the Oxford Regional Health Authority. PARTICIPANTS:1375 families in which one child or more had diabetes. O...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7258.420

    authors: Bingley PJ,Douek IF,Rogers CA,Gale EA

    更新日期:2000-08-12 00:00:00

  • Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To clarify the type of fetal growth impairment associated with increased blood pressure in adult life, and to establish whether this association is influenced by obesity and is mediated through impairment of insulin action. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey with retrospective ascertainment of size at birth from...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7028.401

    authors: Leon DA,Koupilova I,Lithell HO,Berglund L,Mohsen R,Vagero D,Lithell UB,McKeigue PM

    更新日期:1996-02-17 00:00:00

  • Environmental tobacco smoke and risk of respiratory cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in former smokers and never smokers in the EPIC prospective study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between environmental tobacco smoke, plasma cotinine concentration, and respiratory cancer or death. DESIGN:Nested case-control study within the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC). PARTICIPANTS:303,020 people from the EPIC cohort (total 500,00...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1136/bmj.38327.648472.82

    authors: Vineis P,Airoldi L,Veglia F,Olgiati L,Pastorelli R,Autrup H,Dunning A,Garte S,Gormally E,Hainaut P,Malaveille C,Matullo G,Peluso M,Overvad K,Tjonneland A,Clavel-Chapelon F,Boeing H,Krogh V,Palli D,Panico S,Tumino

    更新日期:2005-02-05 00:00:00

  • Contribution of dihydrotestosterone to male sexual behaviour.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To document the relative importance of endogenous sex steroids in modulating the frequency of orgasms, the dominant aspect of sexual behaviour in healthy eugonadal men. DESIGN:Measurement of adrenal and testicular sex steroids in a sample of army recruits and study of their relation to frequency of orgasms a...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6990.1289

    authors: Mantzoros CS,Georgiadis EI,Trichopoulos D

    更新日期:1995-05-20 00:00:00

  • Randomised placebo controlled multicentre trial to assess short term clarithromycin for patients with stable coronary heart disease: CLARICOR trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if the macrolide clarithromycin affects mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with stable coronary heart disease. DESIGN:Centrally randomised multicentre trial. All parties at all stages were blinded. Analyses were by intention to treat. SETTING:Five Copenhagen University cardiolog...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.38666.653600.55

    authors: Jespersen CM,Als-Nielsen B,Damgaard M,Hansen JF,Hansen S,Helø OH,Hildebrandt P,Hilden J,Jensen GB,Kastrup J,Kolmos HJ,Kjøller E,Lind I,Nielsen H,Petersen L,Gluud C,CLARICOR Trial Group.

    更新日期:2006-01-07 00:00:00

  • Randomised, controlled trial of alternating pressure mattresses compared with alternating pressure overlays for the prevention of pressure ulcers: PRESSURE (pressure relieving support surfaces) trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare whether differences exist between alternating pressure overlays and alternating pressure mattresses in the development of new pressure ulcers, healing of existing pressure ulcers, and patient acceptability. DESIGN:Pragmatic, open, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. SETTING:11 hospitals in ...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1136/bmj.38849.478299.7C

    authors: Nixon J,Cranny G,Iglesias C,Nelson EA,Hawkins K,Phillips A,Torgerson D,Mason S,Cullum N

    更新日期:2006-06-17 00:00:00

  • Using clinicopathological analysis of general practitioner skin surgery to determine educational requirements and guidelines.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the impact of skin surgery in general practice on the workload of a pathology laboratory and to identify what further training might be helpful. DESIGN:Analysis of skin biopsy specimens from general practitioners before and after their new contract to determine numbers of specimens, changes in diagn...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6819.93

    authors: Cox NH,Wagstaff R,Popple AW

    更新日期:1992-01-11 00:00:00

  • Harmonisation of specialist training in Europe: is it a mirage?

    abstract::For the past 18 years there has been a proliferation of European committees, boards, associations, colleges, and working groups set up to promote the harmonisation of specialist training in Europe. It has been taken as read that this objective is desirable. The fact that these bodies have achieved remarkably little is...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7000.297

    authors: Brearley S

    更新日期:1995-07-29 00:00:00

  • Systematic review of involving patients in the planning and development of health care.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects of involving patients in the planning and development of health care. DATA SOURCES:Published and grey literature. STUDY SELECTION:Systematic search for worldwide reports written in English between January 1966 and October 2000. DATA EXTRACTION:Qualitative review of papers describing ...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7375.1263

    authors: Crawford MJ,Rutter D,Manley C,Weaver T,Bhui K,Fulop N,Tyrer P

    更新日期:2002-11-30 00:00:00

  • Does vasectomy accelerate testicular tumour? Importance of testicular examinations before and after vasectomy.

    abstract::An association between vasectomy and the development of testicular tumors, and the importance of testicular examinations both before and after a vasectomy is discussed. Patients diagnosed with testicular tumors within the last ten years were examined at Bangour General Hospital in Scotland. From 1977-87, 37 patients...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6721.370

    authors: Cale AR,Farouk M,Prescott RJ,Wallace IW

    更新日期:1990-02-10 00:00:00

  • Other cities, same problems.

    abstract::London's health care problems, particularly underfunding, are mirrored in other major cities in the United Kingdom and abroad. None has found the perfect solution, but the debates on the Tomlinson report provide an opportunity to review how to manage the three major areas of service provision, medical education, and r...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6871.199

    authors: Maxwell R

    更新日期:1993-01-16 00:00:00

  • Cost effectiveness of treating primary care patients in accident and emergency: a comparison between general practitioners, senior house officers, and registrars.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare outcome and costs of general practitioners, senior house officers, and registrars treating patients who attended accident and emergency department with problems assessed at triage as being of primary care type. DESIGN:Prospective intervention study which was later costed. SETTING:Inner city acci...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7042.1340

    authors: Dale J,Lang H,Roberts JA,Green J,Glucksman E

    更新日期:1996-05-25 00:00:00

  • Consequences of fetomaternal haemorrhage after intrauterine transfusion.

    abstract::Fetomaternal haemorrhage was studied after 68 consecutive fetal intravascular transfusions performed in 20 patients with Rh isoimmunisation. alpha Fetoprotein concentration was assayed in maternal blood taken before, and immediately after each transfusion and three and 24 hours later. An increase of 50% or more in the...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6660.1379

    authors: Nicolini U,Kochenour NK,Greco P,Letsky EA,Johnson RD,Contreras M,Rodeck CH

    更新日期:1988-11-26 00:00:00

  • Audit of prenatal diagnosis for haemoglobin disorders in the United Kingdom: the first 20 years.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To audit services for prenatal diagnosis for haemoglobin disorders in the United Kingdom. DESIGN:Comparison of the annual number of cases recorded in a United Kingdom register of prenatal diagnoses for haemoglobin disorders, with the annual number of pregnancies at risk of these disorders, by ethnic group a...

    journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7111.779

    authors: Modell B,Petrou M,Layton M,Varnavides L,Slater C,Ward RH,Rodeck C,Nicolaides K,Gibbons S,Fitches A,Old J

    更新日期:1997-09-27 00:00:00