GABA in the control of sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Abstract:

:1. Amino acid neurotransmitters are critical for controlling the activity of most central neurons, including sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN), the spinal cord neurons involved in controlling blood pressure and other autonomic functions. 2. In studies reviewed here, SPN were identified either by retrograde tracing from a peripheral target (superior cervical ganglion or adrenal medulla) or by detection of immunoreactivity for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme that is a marker for all SPN, in intact or completely transected rat spinal cord. 3. Postembedding immunogold labelling on ultrathin sections was then used to detect GABA and sometimes glutamate in nerve terminals on SPN or near them in the neuropil of the lateral horn. 4. In some cases, the terminals were prelabelled to show an anterograde tracer or immunoreactivity for ChAT or neuropeptide Y. 5. This anatomical work has provided information that is helpful in understanding how SPN are influenced by their GABAergic innervation. 6. Immunogold studies showed that the proportion of input provided by GABAergic terminals varies between different groups of SPN. For some groups, this input may be preferentially targeted to cell bodies. 7. Anterograde tracing demonstrated that supraspinal as well as intraspinal GABAergic neurons innervate SPN and investigations on completely transected cord suggested that supraspinal neurons may provide a surprisingly large proportion of the GABAergic terminals that contact SPN. 8. The double-labelling studies in which other amino acids, ChAT or neuropeptide Y were localized along with GABA indicate that GABAergic terminals contain other neurochemicals that could modulate the actions of GABA, depending on the complement of receptors that are present pre- and post-synaptically. 9. Taken together, these data indicate that GABAergic transmission to SPN may be much more complicated than suggested by the currently available electrophysiological studies.

authors

Llewellyn-Smith IJ

doi

10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03664.x

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2002-05-01 00:00:00

pages

507-13

issue

5-6

eissn

0305-1870

issn

1440-1681

pii

3664

journal_volume

29

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • In-vivo modification of angiotensin II pressor responsiveness in sheep by indomethacin.

    abstract::1. Sodium (Na) depletion, due to uncompensated loss of parotid saliva, reduces the pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (AII) in intact conscious sheep. 2. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin restored AII pressor responsiveness in Na-deplete sheep. 3. Indomethacin infusion also increased the pres...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1981.tb00131.x

    authors: Beilby DS,Coghlan JP,Denton DA,Graham WF,Humphery TJ,Scoggins BA,Whitworth JA

    更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00

  • Reduced adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels in patients with reversible obstructive airways disease.

    abstract::1. Patients were grouped into categories of 'no airways disease', 'obstructive airways disease without response to bronchodilator' and 'obstructive airways disease with bronchodilator responsiveness'. 2. Cyclic nucleotides were assayed in specimens of lung tissue that were excised during surgery. 3. Reduced levels of ...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1979.tb00013.x

    authors: Krzanowski JJ,Polson JB,Goldman AL,Ebel TA,Szentivanyi A

    更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00

  • Decreased oxidative stress in prehepatic portal hypertensive rat livers following the induction of diabetes.

    abstract::1. Oxidative stress (OS) is a biological entity indicated as being responsible for several pathologies, including diabetes. Diabetes can also be associated with human cirrhosis. Portal hypertension (PH), a major syndrome in cirrhosis, produces hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation and hyperaemia. The present study was d...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.03963.x

    authors: Evelson P,Llesuy S,Filinger E,Rodriguez RR,Lemberg A,Scorticati C,Susemihl M,Villareal I,Polo JM,Peredo H,Perazzo JC

    更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of ethamsylate on carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema: a comparison with indomethacin.

    abstract::1. Ethamsylate (diethylammonium 2,5-dihydroxybenzene sulfonate, Dicynene), a systemic haemostatic agent with an unknown mechanism of action, was tested for anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema test. 2. Ethamsylate was shown to be an effective anti-inflammatory agent with a time cours...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01285.x

    authors: Gard PR,Trigger DJ

    更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00

  • Opioid mechanisms controlling renal function.

    abstract::1. Over the past 50 years considerable evidence has been reported suggesting that endogenous opioids participate in the control of renal function. 2. Exogenous administration of opioids produces profound changes in the renal excretion of water and sodium. 3. Opioids produce changes in urine output and urine sodium exc...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02324.x

    authors: Kapusta DR

    更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00

  • Differential expression of GAS5 in rapamycin-induced reversion of glucocorticoid resistance.

    abstract::This study evaluates the association between the long noncoding RNA GAS5 levels and the anti-proliferative effect of the glucocorticoid (GC) methylprednisolone (MP) alone and in combination with rapamycin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors. The effect of MP, rapamycin, and MP pl...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12572

    authors: Lucafò M,Bravin V,Tommasini A,Martelossi S,Rabach I,Ventura A,Decorti G,De Iudicibus S

    更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00

  • Adenosine A1 receptor activation reduces opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores in hypoxic cardiomyocytes.

    abstract::1. Adenosine A(1) receptors (A(1)R) play an important role in cardioprotection against hypoxic damage and the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) is central to the regulation of cell apoptosis and necrosis. However, it is still unclear whether A(1)R open MPTP in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. 2. The...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05300.x

    authors: Xiang F,Huang YS,Zhang DX,Chu ZG,Zhang JP,Zhang Q

    更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • Sample size requirements for clinical trials of isolated systolic hypertension.

    abstract::1. This study investigated components of blood pressure variability in elderly subjects with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) using both ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and casual clinic blood pressure measurement. These were then used to determine sample size requirements for clinical trials of differ...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00455.x

    authors: Silagy CA,McNeil JJ,McGrath BP

    更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00

  • Down-regulation of microRNA-375 regulates adipokines and inhibits inflammatory cytokines by targeting AdipoR2 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

    abstract::Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been considered as a multi-factorial metabolic syndrome. MicroRNA-375 (MiR-375) was significantly up-regulated in serum of NAFLD patients and the role of miR-375 was addressed as a putative biomarker of NAFLD progression. However, the specific function of miR-375 in the pr...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12940

    authors: Lei L,Zhou C,Yang X,Li L

    更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of econazole on Ca2+ levels in and the growth of human prostate cancer PC3 cells.

    abstract::1. Econazole is used clinically as an antifungal drug with many different in vitro effects. However, the effects of econazole on prostate cancer cells are unknown. The effects of econazole on intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in and the proliferation of human PC3 prostate cancer cells was explored in the pre...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04254.x

    authors: Huang JK,Liu CS,Chou CT,Liu SI,Hsu SS,Chang HT,Hsieh CH,Chang CH,Chen WC,Jan CR

    更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00

  • Blood volume measurements in the neonatal lamb: validation of a method using [51Cr]-labelled red cells.

    abstract::1. The reproducibility of blood volume measurements, using [51Cr]-labelled red blood cells (RBC) was tested in three lambs, 79-89 days of age, and the accuracy was tested in eight lambs, 83 +/- 0.4 days of age, in which blood volume was measured simultaneously by [51Cr]-RBC and [125I]-gamma globulin plus haematocrit (...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02557.x

    authors: Moritz KM,Potocnik SJ,Tangalakis K,Wintour EM

    更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00

  • The influence of diethylmaleate on the biliary excretion of infused sulphobromophthalein sodium and its glutathione conjugate in guinea-pigs.

    abstract::1. Hepatic sulphobromophthalein (BSP) transport was studied in guinea-pigs pretreated intraperitoneally with 0.7 ml of diethyl maleate to depress hepatic glutathione levels. 2. Diethyl maleate depressed the hepatic transport of infused conjugated BSP from hepatocytes into bile without influencing hepatic uptake. 3. Un...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00117.x

    authors: Whelan G

    更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00

  • The influence of coumarin on tissue levels of radio-labelled plasma protein and povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidine) in normal and thermally injured rats.

    abstract::1. The administration of coumarin resulted in a two-fold increase in the entry of 51Cr-labelled rat plasma protein into otherwise normal tissues. 2. Prior treatment of rats with coumarin allowed about 50% more radio-labelled protein to enter the tissues immediately after thermal injury than occurred with thermal injur...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1976.tb00633.x

    authors: Piller NB

    更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00

  • Systemic plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) reflect brachial flow-mediated dilation responses in young men and women.

    abstract::1. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between plasma levels of nitrite/nitrite (NO(x)) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy young men and women. 2. Brachial artery FMD was assessed non-invasively using high-resolution ultrasound in 36 young men and women (21 +/- 3 years; 18 ...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04715.x

    authors: Casey DP,Beck DT,Braith RW

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of the activity of circular and longitudinal myometrium from pregnant rats: co-ordination between muscle layers.

    abstract::1. Contractions and electrical activity were recorded from isolated segments of longitudinal (L) and circular (C) myometrium from rats on gestation days 16-17 and 21 before and during parturition. 2. The segments were arranged so that the activity of the two layers could be monitored simultaneously and independently. ...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01124.x

    authors: Tomiyasu BA,Chen CJ,Marshall JM

    更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00

  • Thymoquinone protects rat liver after partial hepatectomy under ischaemia/reperfusion through oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress prevention.

    abstract::Ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) is associated with liver injury and impaired regeneration during partial hepatectomy (PH). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thymoquinone (TQ), the active compound of essential oil obtained from Nigella sativa seeds, on rat liver after PH. Male Wistar rats were divided ...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12961

    authors: Bouhlel A,Bejaoui M,Ben Mosbah I,Hadj Abdallah N,Ribault C,Viel R,Hentati H,Corlu A,Ben Abdennebi H

    更新日期:2018-05-07 00:00:00

  • The euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp: an evaluation of current methodology.

    abstract::1. The recognition of the role of insulin resistance in disease states and the recent development of new drugs that modify insulin-dependent metabolism has led to increased use of the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp to measure in vivo insulin sensitivity, but several key aspects of the technique are poorly documen...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01237.x

    authors: Morris AD,Ueda S,Petrie JR,Connell JM,Elliott HL,Donnelly R

    更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00

  • Method of measuring liquid junction potentials in small (nanolitre) droplets of biological fluids.

    abstract::1. A method is described which allows the determination of liquid junction potentials between biological fluid samples of less than 1 nL with a reproducibility of 10%. This was achieved by use of a micro-method and the use of 3% agarose added to the electrolyte in the measuring electrodes. 2. Validation was performed ...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01605.x

    authors: Sugo E,Györy AZ

    更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00

  • β-lactam pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill patients and strategies for dose optimization: a structured review.

    abstract::1. Infections and related sepsis are two of the most prevalent issues in the care of critically ill patients, with mortality as high as 70%. Appropriate antibiotic selection, as well as adequate dosing, is important to improve the clinical outcome for these patients. 2. β-Lactams are the most common antibiotic class u...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05715.x

    authors: Sinnollareddy MG,Roberts MS,Lipman J,Roberts JA

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • What makes a CGRP2 receptor?

    abstract::1. Heterogeneity in the receptors for the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been apparent for nearly 20 years. This is most clearly manifested in the observation of CGRP(8-37)-sensitive and -insensitive populations of CGRP-activated receptors. The pA(2) values for CGRP(8-37) in excess of 7 are wi...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04703.x

    authors: Hay DL

    更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00

  • 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside suppresses matrix metalloproteinase expression and inflammation in atherosclerotic rats.

    abstract::1. In coronary artery disease, the typical atheromatous plaque consists of a lipid core containing various inflammatory cells and a fibrous cap composed mostly of extracellular matrix. Both matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammation are involved in the initiation of atherosclerotic plaques and plaque instabilit...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04824.x

    authors: Zhang W,Wang CH,Li F,Zhu WZ

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Integrative role of the lamina terminalis in the regulation of cardiovascular and body fluid homeostasis.

    abstract::1. Cardiovascular and body fluid homeostasis depends upon the activation and co-ordination of reflexes and behavioural responses. In order to accomplish this, the brain receives and processes both neural and chemical input. Once in the brain, information from sources signalling the status of the cardiovascular system ...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02594.x

    authors: Johnson AK,Cunningham JT,Thunhorst RL

    更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00

  • Diabetic retinopathy: early functional changes.

    abstract::1. The present review reports some of the earliest physiological changes that occur in the diabetic retina prior to any clinical or anatomical changes in an animal model of diabetes. 2. Using chemically induced diabetes (by streptozotocin) in rats, retinal blood flow and vitreal and retinal oxygen tension were determi...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02133.x

    authors: Alder VA,Su EN,Yu DY,Cringle SJ,Yu PK

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Centrally mediated increased sympathetic activity is not important in the genesis of ACTH-induced hypertension in sheep.

    abstract::1. Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) administration to sheep produces a rapid adrenally dependent hypertension which is maximal after 3 days and associated with increased cardiac output (CO) and heart rate (HR), while calculated total peripheral resistance remains unchanged. 2. This study investigated the proposal that a ce...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01611.x

    authors: Spence CD,Mathai M,Mills EH,Coghlan JP,Whitworth JA,Scoggins BA

    更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00

  • Mechanisms of lidocaine actions on normal and abnormal rhythms in canine cardiac tissues in vivo and in vitro.

    abstract::1. The actions of lidocaine on cardiac pacemaker rhythms were studied in anaesthetized dogs and in Purkinje fibres from hearts of the same animals. 2. In vivo, lidocaine (1 mg/kg, intravenously) slowed the sino-atrial (SA) node rhythm (-5.0%), and (during vagal stimulation) prolonged ventricular standstill by +25.1% a...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01429.x

    authors: Abete P,Ferrara N,Rengo F,Vassalle M

    更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00

  • Associations of candidate gene polymorphisms with poor responsiveness to aspirin: a meta-analysis.

    abstract::Recently, the roles of gene polymorphisms in poor responsiveness to aspirin were extensively investigated, with conflicting results. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to better assess the relationship between candidate genetic variants and poor responsiveness to aspirin. Eligible articles were searched in Pub...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12973

    authors: Yang J,Chen X,Zhou J,Hu S,Tang Y

    更新日期:2018-05-21 00:00:00

  • Cimetidine and ranitidine: a study of competitive and ion-channel blockade in the toad isolated rectus abdominis muscle.

    abstract::Responses of the toad isolated rectus abdominis muscle to cumulative doses of carbachol were recorded in the absence or presence of varying concentrations of cimetidine or ranitidine. The corresponding cumulative log concentration-response curves for carbachol were then plotted for each antagonist studied. Cimetidine ...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00946.x

    authors: Gwee MC,Cheah LS,Shoon ML

    更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00

  • Protective effects of magnesium against ischaemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of P-selectin in rats.

    abstract::1. The leucocyte-mediated inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in ischaemia-reperfusion injury. P-Selectin and CD11b are important mediators for the recruitment of leucocytes into the endothelium. However, the time-course of changes in P-selectin and CD11b expression during reperfusion is not defined. Magnesium ...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04697.x

    authors: Ying SQ,Fang L,Xiang MX,Xu G,Shan J,Wang JA

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • CaMKIIδ and cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) signalling new perspectives on splice variant targeting.

    abstract::Control of cardiomyocyte cytosolic Ca(2+) levels is crucial in determining inotropic status and ischemia/reperfusion stress response. Responsive to fluctuations in cellular Ca(2+), Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine/threonine kinase integral to the processes regulating cardiomyocyte Ca(...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12489

    authors: Bell JR,Raaijmakers AJ,Janssens JV,Delbridge LM

    更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological activities of the antihypertensive drug urapidil in the rat.

    abstract::Urapidil had blocking activity on alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the rat isolated caudal artery (pA2 congruent to 7) and in the anaesthetized rat. Urapidil had no clonidine like agonistic activity on alpha 2-adrenoceptors in preparations of the guinea-pig ileum (prejunctional) or dog saphenous vein (post-junctional). Urapid...

    journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1984.tb00289.x

    authors: Verberne AJ,Rand MJ

    更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00