Abstract:
:Objectives To estimate the short term effect of particulate air pollution (particle diameter <10 μm, or PM10) on mortality and explore the heterogeneity of particulate air pollution effects in major cities in China.Design Generalised linear models with different lag structures using time series data.Setting 38 of the largest cities in 27 provinces of China (combined population >200 million).Participants 350 638 deaths (200 912 in males, 149 726 in females) recorded in 38 city districts by the Disease Surveillance Point System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 1 January 2010 to 29 June 2013.Main outcome measure Daily numbers of deaths from all causes, cardiorespiratory diseases, and non-cardiorespiratory diseases and among different demographic groups were used to estimate the associations between particulate air pollution and mortality.Results A 10 µg/m3 change in concurrent day PM10 concentrations was associated with a 0.44% (95% confidence interval 0.30% to 0.58%) increase in daily number of deaths. Previous day and two day lagged PM10 levels decreased in magnitude by one third and two thirds but remained statistically significantly associated with increased mortality. The estimate for the effect of PM10 on deaths from cardiorespiratory diseases was 0.62% (0.43% to 0.81%) per 10 µg/m3 compared with 0.26% (0.09% to 0.42%) for other cause mortality. Exposure to PM10 had a greater impact on females than on males. Adults aged 60 and over were more vulnerable to particulate air pollution at high levels than those aged less than 60. The PM10 effect varied across different cities and marginally decreased in cities with higher PM10 concentrations.Conclusion Particulate air pollution has a greater impact on deaths from cardiorespiratory diseases than it does on other cause mortality. People aged 60 or more have a higher risk of death from particulate air pollution than people aged less than 60. The estimates of the effect varied across cities and covered a wide range of domain.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Yin P,He G,Fan M,Chiu KY,Fan M,Liu C,Xue A,Liu T,Pan Y,Mu Q,Zhou Mdoi
10.1136/bmj.j667subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-03-14 00:00:00pages
j667eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
356pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of immediate feedback from a point of care test for salivary nicotine metabolites in promoting smoking cessation and reduction in tobacco use. DESIGN:Prospective, operator blinded, randomised controlled trial. SETTING:General dental practice, London. PARTICIPANTS:100 adult smokers...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.38621.463900.7C
更新日期:2005-10-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether the dose of vitamin A currently recommended by the World Health Organization or half this dose gives better protection against childhood morbidity and mortality. DESIGN:Randomised study. SETTING:A combined oral polio vaccine and vitamin A supplementation campaign in Guinea-Bissau, Afri...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.38670.639340.55
更新日期:2005-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine period trends in the rate of suicide in the first 28 days after discharge from psychiatric hospital. DESIGN:Cohort study of patients discharged from psychiatric hospital. SETTING:Scotland. SUBJECTS:All patients aged 15-84 who were discharged from Scottish psychiatric hospitals during 1968 to 199...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7001.357
更新日期:1995-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the associations between childhood and adulthood social class and insulin resistance. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. SETTING:23 towns across England, Scotland, and Wales. PARTICIPANTS:4286 women aged 60-79 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Insulin resistance and other cardiovascular disease risk fact...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7368.805
更新日期:2002-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::There is strong circumstantial evidence that human papillomavirus is a cofactor in the development of cervical neoplasia. Systemic immunosuppression has also been implicated. A study was therefore carried out examining the relation between subtypes of human papillomavirus and local immunocompetent cells in the cervix....
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6649.643
更新日期:1988-09-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To establish the extent of prescribing injectable and oral methadone to opiate addicts and the practice characteristics and dispensing arrangements attached to these prescriptions. DESIGN:National survey of 25% random sample of community (high street) pharmacies through postal questionnaire, with four mailin...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7052.270
更新日期:1996-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of home blood pressure monitoring on blood pressure levels and proportion of people with essential hypertension achieving targets. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of 18 randomised controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS:1359 people with essential hypertension allocated to home blood pressure monitoring...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.38121.684410.AE
更新日期:2004-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the accuracy of diagnoses of schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis entered by general practitioners on a computer system. To compare recording of clinical events on computer with written records. DESIGN:Examination of case notes of all patients with a computer diagnosis of psychosis. Search...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6895.32
更新日期:1993-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine how much oncologists tell patients about the survival benefit of palliative chemotherapy during consultations at which decisions about treatment are made. DESIGN:Qualitative study in which consultations were observed and digitally recorded. SETTING:Teaching hospital and district general hospital ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.a752
更新日期:2008-07-31 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To quantify the association between exposure to higher temperatures and the risk of myocardial infarction at an hourly temporal resolution. DESIGN:Case-crossover study. SETTING:England and Wales Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) database. PARTICIPANTS:24,861 hospital admissions for myocar...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.e8050
更新日期:2012-12-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To quantify the relative contribution of premorbid and episode specific factors in determining the long term persistence of disabling symptoms of low back pain. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:Two general practices in the south Manchester area. PARTICIPANTS:180 patients, who previously participat...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7199.1662
更新日期:1999-06-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the accuracy of physicians' clinical predictions of survival in terminally ill cancer patients. DATA SOURCES:Cochrane Library, Medline (1996-2000), Embase, Current Contents, and Cancerlit databases as well as hand searching. STUDY SELECTION:Studies were included if a physician's tem...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7408.195
更新日期:2003-07-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess whether and how investigators of placebo controlled randomised trials inform participants of their treatment allocation at trial closure and to assess barriers to feedback. DESIGN:Postal survey with a semistructured questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS:All investigators who published a placebo controlled ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7376.1329
更新日期:2002-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::For many years Tayside has benefited from a successful opportunistic cytology screening programme. In recent years, however, the decrease in mortality due to cervical cancer has levelled off, with most cases of severe disease arising in women who have not been screened. In view of this the health board developed a new...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6692.163
更新日期:1989-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To provide counter evidence to existing literature on healer shopping in Africa through a systematic analysis of illness practices by Ghanaians with diabetes; to outline approaches towards improving patient centred health care and policy development regarding diabetes in Ghana. DESIGN:Longitudinal qualitati...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7519.737
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the accuracy and acceptability to patients of non-endoscopic screening for Barrett's oesophagus, using an ingestible oesophageal sampling device (Cytosponge) coupled with immunocytochemisty for trefoil factor 3. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:12 UK general practices, with gastroscopi...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.c4372
更新日期:2010-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::The Health of the Nation white paper set a target for 15% reduction in overall suicide rates by the year 2000. If the targets are to be achieved interventions must be identified which are of proved effectiveness. This paper examines the evidence on the available interventions and points of access to the population at ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6938.1227
更新日期:1994-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess treatment related changes in quality of life up to 15 years after diagnosis of localised prostate cancer. DESIGN:Population based, prospective cohort study with follow-up over 15 years. SETTING:New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS:1642 men with localised prostate cancer, aged less than 70, an...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.m3503
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in representation of women among first authors of original research published in high impact general medical journals from 1994 to 2014 and investigate differences between journals. DESIGN:Observational study. STUDY SAMPLE:All original research articles published in Annals of Internal Med...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.i847
更新日期:2016-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Physicians need to evaluate clinical research critically, and determining the power of a study is an essential component of research evaluation. This report presents a graphical aid that permits rapid power determination for clinical trials with two groups. Power curves were developed for dichotomous outcomes by setti...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6649.672
更新日期:1988-09-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of booklet based vestibular rehabilitation with and without telephone support for chronic dizziness, compared with routine care. DESIGN:Single blind, parallel group, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. SETTING:35 general practices across southern England ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.e2237
更新日期:2012-06-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the perspectives of patients with asthma on the use of an action plan and the implementation of this plan during an asthma attack that culminated in a visit to an emergency department. DESIGN:Qualitative study. SETTING:Tertiary teaching hospital, suburban hospital, and rural hospital. PARTI...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7344.1003
更新日期:2002-04-27 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To characterise the complete case series of influenza A/H7N9 infections as of 27 May 2013, detected by China's national sentinel surveillance system for influenza-like illness. DESIGN:Case series. SETTING:Outpatient clinics and emergency departments of 554 sentinel hospitals across 31 provinces in mainland ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.f3693
更新日期:2013-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients with acute major, disabling cerebral infarction with presumed middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with the clot specific thrombolytic agent tissue plasminogen activator roughly three and a half hours after the onset of symptoms. Both patients had a normal computed tomography (CT) scan before tre...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6663.1571
更新日期:1988-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the outcome of administration of neuroleptics to patients with senile dementia of Lewy body type confirmed at necropsy. DESIGN:Retrospective analysis of clinical notes blind to neuropathological diagnosis. SETTING:Specialist psychogeriatric assessment units referring cases for necropsy to a tea...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6855.673
更新日期:1992-09-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the extent to which the prevailing model of smoking cessation (that smokers typically prepare their attempts to stop smoking in advance and that doing so increases their chances of success) is correct. DESIGN:Cross sectional household survey. SETTING:England. PARTICIPANTS:918 smokers who reported...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.38723.573866.AE
更新日期:2006-02-25 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the role of respiratory viruses in exacerbations of asthma in adults. DESIGN:Longitudinal study of 138 adults with asthma. SETTING:Leicestershire Health Authority. SUBJECTS:48 men and 90 women 19-46 years of age with a mean duration of wheeze of 19.6 years. 75% received regular treatment with bron...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6910.982
更新日期:1993-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether an assertive outreach intervention after suicide attempt could reduce the frequency of subsequent suicidal acts, compared with standard treatment. DESIGN:Randomised, parallel group, superiority trial with blinded outcome assessment. SETTING:Outpatient intervention at one location at Copenh...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.e4972
更新日期:2012-08-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of a teacher led intervention to improve teenagers' knowledge about emergency contraception. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:24 mixed sex, state secondary schools in Avon, south west England. PARTICIPANTS:1974 boys and 1820 girls in year 10 (14-15 year olds)....
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1179
更新日期:2002-05-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the effectiveness of in vitro fertilisation with single embryo transfer or in vitro fertilisation in a modified natural cycle with that of intrauterine insemination with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in terms of a healthy child. DESIGN:Multicentre, open label, three arm, parallel group, ran...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.g7771
更新日期:2015-01-09 00:00:00