Abstract：
:There is strong evidence that the avoidance of hyperglycemia is essential inoptimizing pregnancy outcome in type 1 diabetes. The price to pay is a striking increase in severe hypoglycemia (SH), defined as episodes requiring help from another person. During type 1 diabetic pregnancy, occurrence rates of SH up to 15 times higher as in the intensively treated group of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) are reported. Blood glucose (BG) treatment targets differ considerably between clinics; some authors advocate lower limits as low as 3.3 mmol/l. Improved glycemic control and/or recurrent hypoglycemia (i.e. BG <3.9 mmol/l) may result in impairment of glucose counterregulatory responses. Also, glucose counterregulation may be altered by pregnancy itself. Short-acting insulin analogs may help reduce hypoglycemia with preservation of good glycemic control, but their use during pregnancy has yet to be proven safe.Several clinical studies did not establish an association between maternal hypoglycemia and diabetic embryopathy. However, animal studies clearly indicate that hypoglycemia is potentially teratogenic during organogenesis. Increased rates of macrosomia continue to be observed despite near normal HbA(1c) levels. This may, at least in part, be the result of rebound hyperglycemia elicited by hypoglycemia. Exposure to hypoglycemia in utero may have long-term effects on offspring including neuropsychological defects. It is yet unclear to what extent the benefits of tight glycemic control balance with the increased risk of (severe) hypoglycemia during type 1 diabetic pregnancy. Efforts must be made to avoid low BG, i.e. <3.9 mmol/l, when tightening glycemic control.
journal_name
Diabetes Metab Res Revjournal_title
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviewsauthors
ter Braak EW,Evers IM,Willem Erkelens D,Visser GHdoi
10.1002/dmrr.271keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-01 00:00:00pages
96-105issue
2eissn
1520-7552issn
1520-7560journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:There are a number of medical conditions such as growth failure in children, pregnancy, lipid abnormalities, and early complications that are improved by the meticulous glycemic control that can be achieved with insulin pump therapy (CSII). By using an insulin pump, many patients with severe hypoglycemia, the dawn phe...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199909/10)15:5<338::aid-dm
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors added to insulin therapy have been proposed as treatment strategy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). We thus conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of this combination in T1D. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3169
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Advanced glycosylation end product (AGE) formation is a major mechanism for the development of complications in diabetes, and the possible roles of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) are not clearly established. METHODS:We examined the associations of AGEs, free IGF-I a...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(200003/04)16:2<106::aid-dm
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We evaluated whether global levels of DNA methylation status were associated with retinopathy as well as providing a predictive role of DNA methylation in developing retinopathy in a case-control study of 168 patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:The 5-methylcytosine content was assessed by reversed-phase ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2584
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High birth weight has been related to an increased risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D), while suboptimal birth weight (both high and low) has been related to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance, as a consequence of poor metabolic control, has been described in T1D patients. The aims...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2361
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is a controversy about self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin. Randomized trials are limited in duration, size, and validity. METHODS:Systematic search for randomized trials and observational studies published since 1990. For inclusion studie...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.749
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During late gestation, although maternal adipose tissue lipolytic activity becomes enhanced, lipolytic products cross the placenta with difficulty. Under fasting conditions, free fatty acids (FFA) are used for ketogenesis by the mother, and ketone bodies are used as fuels and lipogenic substrates by the fetus. Materna...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/1520-7560(200005/06)16:3<202::aid-dmrr116>
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Environmental factors such as nutrition or exposure to infections play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We have previously shown that gluten-free, non-purified diet largely prevented diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In this study we tested hypothesis that early intro...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.748
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria has been proposed as the pathogenic mechanism for chronic complications of diabetes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more vulnerable to reactive oxygen species. However, there are few data on the mitochondrial DNA damage in diabetes and these...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1203
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Insulin and multiple other autoantigens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes, but the origin of immunological self-reactivity specifically oriented against insulin-secreting islet beta-cells remains obscure. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the h...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.182
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health problem that will be diagnosed in almost 300 million people by 2025 according to the World Health Organization. Before being diagnosed with T2D, individuals may have glucose levels above normal but below the diabetic range. This condition is known as prediabetes. Studies sh...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3405
更新日期：2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of peripheral arterial disease in ulcerated diabetic feet has long been underestimated. Progressive claudication, rest pain and the extent of irreversible tissue loss have frequently been indications for revascularization for neuroischaemic ulcers in diabetic patients. These typical ischaemic symptoms are war...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2259
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that drive the development of life-threatening complications. Diabetes results from a situation of insufficient insulin action, either by deficient production of the hormone by the pancreas, or by the development of insulin resist...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3107
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of endovascular therapy (EVT) for lower extremity atherosclerosis is markedly increasing while open surgical bypass is in decline. The results of EVT for critical limb ischaemia (CLI) are difficult to evaluate, especially for patients with diabetes. To date, only one randomized, prospective trial has been publ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.829
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To compare in atrial fibrillation patients with and without diabetes, (1) baseline characteristics, (2) additional risk factors for stroke or peripheric or visceral embolism (hypertension, previous stroke, age >75 years), (3) mortality, (4) stroke or embolism, and (5) oral anticoagulation in the year 2000. ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.386
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excess visceral fat can regulate insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism by releasing adipokines into the circulation which then bind with their cognate receptors in various tissues and alter glucose and lipid metabolism. Circulating levels of adiponectin, which promotes glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and incre...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.778
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The possible effect of random intrasite placement on the outcome of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWF) test is not known. We sought to determine the significance of this variable in the diagnosis of loss of protective sensation (LOPS) in patients with diabetes. METHODS:Forty-five patients with diabetes...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2388
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A nested case-control (NCC) design within a prospective cohort study can realize substantial benefits for biomarker studies. In this context, it is natural to consider the sample availability in the selection of controls to minimize data loss when implementing the design. However, this violates the randomnes...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3204
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hybrid closed-loop (HCL) therapy is rarely studied in pregnancy. We present three cases of women with type 1 diabetes who used the Medtronic 670G HCL system for most or all of gestation. METHODS:The Medtronic 670G system has a manual mode (no automated insulin delivery) and an auto mode (AM, HCL therapy). W...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3248
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for stroke and confers increased risk of poor outcome and further vascular events following stroke. Hyperuricaemia occurs commonly in patients with type 2 diabetes, but its significance as a predictor of outcome following stroke is uncertain. We sought to investigate the prog...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.585
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has published evidence-based guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease since 1999. In conjunction with advice from internal and external reviewers and expert consultants in the field, this update is based on a systematic review of ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3283
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in enhanced adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and serum glucocorticoid levels, has been described in patients with diabetes mellitus and in animal models of this disease; however, altered steroid production by adrenocortical cells could ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.978
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important for energy expenditure through thermogenesis, although its regulatory factors are not well known in humans. There is evidence suggesting that thyroid hormones affect BAT functions in some mammals, but the effects of thyroid hormones on BAT activity in humans are still ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2556
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to assess the clinical implications of calculating an individualized HbA1c target using a recently published algorithm in a real-life clinical setting. METHODS:General practitioners (GPs) from the Spanish Society of Family Medicine Diabetes Expert Group were invited to participate ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2976
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperglycemia unawareness is the term suggested to me (M. Muggeo, personal communication, 1997) to encompass very broadly all of the stages in diabetes mellitus from the onset of any degree of hyperglycemia until the diagnosis is actually made. Diabetes and its handmaiden, obesity, are growing in epidemic proportions ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 评论,社论
doi：10.1002/1520-7560(200007/08)16:4<228::aid-dmrr125>
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that hyperglycaemia is associated with many negative cardiovascular and immunological effects. Because of the high prevalence of underlying vascular disease along with associated infection, patients with diabetic foot ulcers are especially vulnerable to these adverse consequences. While studies ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2741
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Our previous studies showed that some Korean type 2 diabetic patients could maintain long-term normal blood glucose control without any medication, referred to as remission after a certain period of normalization of blood glucose level by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment. In this stu...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.343
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To evaluate the association of statins and co-morbidities with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients 65 years and older. METHODS:This retrospective study used de-identified administrative healthcare claims and enrolment data from a Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug (MAPD) health plan offe...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3310
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cyclosporin A (CyA) may induce acute nephrotoxicity. The question has been raised of the possible long-term unfavorable course of CyA-induced lesions. Advantage was taken of a large cohort of diabetic patients treated for several months using moderate CyA dosage to evaluate the long-term evolution of renal f...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.325
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Women with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at greater risk of dying from breast cancer than women without these conditions. Obesity and T2D are associated with insulin resistance and endogenous hyperinsulinemia and are more common in Black women. There is increasing disparity in breast cancer mortality...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2795
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
