Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Inhalation of environmental (nano) particles (NP) as well as persistent herpesvirus-infection are potentially associated with chronic lung disease and as both are omnipresent in human society a coincidence of these two factors is highly likely. We hypothesized that NP-exposure of persistently herpesvirus-infected cells as a second hit might disrupt immune control of viral latency, provoke reactivation of latent virus and eventually lead to an inflammatory response and tissue damage. RESULTS:To test this hypothesis, we applied different NP to cells or mice latently infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) which provides a small animal model for the study of gammaherpesvirus-pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, NP-exposure induced expression of the typically lytic viral gene ORF50 and production of lytic virus. In vivo, lytic viral proteins in the lung increased after intratracheal instillation with NP and elevated expression of the viral gene ORF50 could be detected in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage. Gene expression and metabolome analysis of whole lung tissue revealed patterns with striking similarities to acute infection. Likewise, NP-exposure of human cells latently infected with Epstein-Barr-Virus also induced virus production. CONCLUSIONS:Our results indicate that NP-exposure of persistently herpesvirus-infected cells - murine or human - restores molecular signatures found in acute virus infection, boosts production of lytic viral proteins, and induces an inflammatory response in the lung - a combination which might finally result in tissue damage and pathological alterations.
journal_name
Part Fibre Toxicoljournal_title
Particle and fibre toxicologyauthors
Sattler C,Moritz F,Chen S,Steer B,Kutschke D,Irmler M,Beckers J,Eickelberg O,Schmitt-Kopplin P,Adler H,Stoeger Tdoi
10.1186/s12989-016-0181-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-10 00:00:00pages
2issue
1issn
1743-8977pii
10.1186/s12989-016-0181-1journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Nanoparticle pharmacokinetics and biological effects are influenced by several factors. We assessed the effects of amorphous SiO2 coating on the pharmacokinetics of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) following intratracheal (IT) instillation and gavage in rats. METHODS:Uncoated and SiO2-coated ZnO NPs were ...
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