Abstract：
BACKGROUND:In Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and other related transmissible spongiform encephalopathies it is critical to understand the various pathways by which the infectious agent spreads to different organs. METHODS:We injected a CJD agent into mice, either intracerebrally (ic) or intraperitoneally (ip) and monitored the progressive appearance of abnormal PrP in peripheral tissues over time. RESULTS:Abnormal PrP was detected in lymphoreticular tissues of the gastrointestinal tract as early as 28 to 32 days after infection by both routes. This change persisted until the terminal stages of disease. In contrast, abnormal PrP was not detected in brain or spinal cord until 80 to 120 days after ic inoculation, or until 170 days after ip inoculation. CONCLUSIONS:Brain lacks significant lymphatic drainage, and has little infectivity before 40 days, even after ic inoculation. Thus the infectious inoculum must spread to the gut by a vascular route, a direction opposite to that generally assumed. This interpretation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating white blood cell infectivity as well as perivascular PrP accumulations in CJD. Notably, enteric infection at early as well as later stages of disease, and regardless of the route of agent entry, implicates potential environmental spread by fecal matter.
journal_name
BMC Infect Disjournal_title
BMC infectious diseasesauthors
Radebold K,Chernyak M,Martin D,Manuelidis Ldoi
10.1186/1471-2334-1-20keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
20issn
1471-2334journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Malnutrition and malaria frequently coexist in sub-Saharan African countries. Studies on efficacy of antimalarial treatments usually follow the WHO standardized protocol in which severely malnourished children are systematically excluded. Few studies have assessed the efficacy of chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyr...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/s12879-015-0963-3
更新日期：2015-06-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) has been used for several decades in the pharmaceutical industry for enteric film coating of oral tablets and capsules. Micronized CAP, available commercially as "Aquateric" and containing additional ingredients required for micronization, used for tablet coating from water ...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2334-3-27
更新日期：2003-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infections cause the autoimmune disease acute rheumatic fever (ARF), which can progress to chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Treating pharyngitis caused by GAS with antibiotics is important in preventing ARF. However, it is difficult to distinguish these infections from GAS c...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-019-4126-9
更新日期：2019-07-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is the most common clinical symptom of singer transducer and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function (GOF) mutations. Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease that is characterized by permanent bronchiectasis, causing cough, expector...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-020-05734-9
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (BSIs) occur with significant prevalence and high mortality worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence are two main factors participating in the pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae. Here we investigated the prevalence of blaKPC and virulence factors in K. pneumo...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-018-3263-x
更新日期：2018-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20, is approved for the treatment of CD20-positive B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and rheumatologic disorders. Due to its potent activity in depleting CD20-positive lymphocytes, the influence on opportunistic infections is still under discussion. Thus, we an...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2334-14-364
更新日期：2014-07-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Male urethritis is primary sexually transmitted. Northern Territory (NT) has the highest rates of gonococcal infection in Australia and local guidelines recommend empiric treatment with azithromycin and ceftriaxone for all men presenting with urethritis. As gonococcal drug resistance is a growing concern, th...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-019-4625-8
更新日期：2019-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The identification and differentiation of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting has provided a better understanding of the epidemiology and tracing the transmission of tuberculosis. We set out to determine if there was a relationship between the risk of belonging to a group of tuberculo...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2334-9-12
更新日期：2009-02-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In Tanzania, routine individual-level testing for HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) using laboratory genotyping and phenotyping is not feasible due to resource constraints. To monitor the prevention or emergence of HIVDR at a population level, WHO developed generic strategies to be adapted by countries, which incl...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2334-14-196
更新日期：2014-04-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Armed conflicts are a major contributor to injury and death globally. Conflict-related injuries are associated with a high risk of wound infection, but it is unknown to what extent infection directly relates to sustainment of life and restoration of function. The aim of this study was to investigate the outc...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-018-3149-y
更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevalence of healthcare-acquired infections (HAI) and rising levels of antimicrobial resistance places significant economic and public health burdens on modern healthcare systems. A group of highly drug resistant pathogens known as the ESKAPE pathogens, along with C. difficile, are the leading causes of...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-020-05121-4
更新日期：2020-06-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To date more than 20 antigenically distinct strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) reported within the tsutsugamushi triangle that cause an undifferentiated acute febrile illness in humans. Genotypic characterization of OT in different geographic regions or within the same country, is important in order to e...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-016-2165-z
更新日期：2017-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There currently is a severe Zika Virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Brazil and other South American countries. Due to international travel, this poses severe public health risk of ZIKV importation to other countries. We estimate the prevalence of ZIKV in an import region by the time a microcephaly case is detected, si...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-016-2076-z
更新日期：2016-12-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently we developed and validated generic quality indicators that define 'appropriate antibiotic use' in hospitalized adults treated for a (suspected) bacterial infection. Previous studies have shown that with appropriate antibiotic use a reduction of 13% of length of hospital stay can be achieved. Our mai...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12879-015-0867-2
更新日期：2015-03-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a mild encephalopathy caused by various pathological processes, but encephalopathy due to bacteria is rare. CASE PRESENTATION:We report the case of a 45-year-old Japanese woman who on receiving chemotherapy for advanced ...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-016-1516-0
更新日期：2016-04-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study presents an analysis of 1,491 serogroup 23 and 762 serogroup 15 isolates from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children and adults before and after the general recommendation for childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Germany in July 2006. Vaccination formulations used were PCV7 (fr...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-015-0941-9
更新日期：2015-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Compliance to anti-TB treatment is crucial in achieving cure and avoiding the emergence of drug resistance. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions are included in the strategy to end the global Tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2035. Evidences showed that mobile messaging systems could improve patient adheren...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1186/s12879-020-4765-x
更新日期：2020-01-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/AIM:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings worldwide, but little is known about MRSA transmission outside of acute healthcare settings especially in Asia. We describe the methods for a prospective longitudinal study of...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-017-2793-y
更新日期：2017-10-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In China, there were few studies about the pathogens of acute viral encephalitis and meningitis in children in recent years. The aims of this study were to characterize the etiology and prognosis of acute viral encephalitis and meningitis in Chinese children. METHODS:This was a multicentre prospective study...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/s12879-017-2572-9
更新日期：2017-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Altered fat distribution and chronic inflammation are found in both persons living with HIV (PLWH) and persons with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and are known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to investigate if a synergistic effect of HIV infection and DM2 was found on fat distributi...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-020-05594-3
更新日期：2020-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Salmonella enterica, serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a causative agent of enteric fever (typhoid fever), predominately affects populations in developing regions with poor access to clean food and water. In addition, travelers to these regions are at risk of exposure. METHODS:We report the epidemiological characte...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-015-1159-6
更新日期：2015-10-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacteria involved in severe infections of the lung, skin, or soft tissue. Macrolides such as clarithromycin are the recommended first line drugs for treatment of M. abscessus infections. However, M. abscessus has dual mechanisms of resistance to macrolides, ma...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-020-05686-0
更新日期：2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Yeasts, mostly Candida, are important causes of bloodstream infections (BSI), responsible for significant mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. The epidemiology and species distribution vary from different regions. The goals of this study were to report the current epidemiology of Candida BSI ...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2334-14-241
更新日期：2014-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bacterial infections are the most frequent complications in patients with malignancy, and the epidemiology of nosocomial infections among cancer patients has changed over time. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics, antibiotic resistance patterns, and prognosis of nosocomial infections due to mult...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-020-05181-6
更新日期：2020-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Comparison of antimicrobial de-escalation rates between healthcare settings is problematic. To objectively and electronically measure de-escalation a method based upon the spectrum of antimicrobial regimens administered (i.e., spectrum score) was developed. METHODS:A Delphi process was used to develop appli...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-015-0933-9
更新日期：2015-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) causes considerable morbidity and mortality in children. Despite this, its epidemiology and risk factors are poorly understood, with minimal paediatric clinical trial data available to guide clinicians in management. We conducted a pilot study to characterise SAB and v...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-018-3312-5
更新日期：2018-08-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alcohol use has a detrimental impact on the HIV epidemic, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV counseling and testing (HCT) may provide a contact opportunity to intervene with hazardous alcohol use; however, little is known about how alcohol consumption changes following HCT. METHODS:We utilized data from ...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2334-14-403
更新日期：2014-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In developing countries rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhoea and diarrhoeal deaths in children under 5. Vaccination could greatly alleviate that burden, but in Mexico as in most low- and middle-income countries the decision to add rotavirus vaccine to the national immunisation program will depe...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2334-8-103
更新日期：2008-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with a high mortality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, predictors and outcome of patients with ARDS caused by miliary TB. METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted among ...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2334-12-121
更新日期：2012-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent analysis of trends of non-invasive infections with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), of trends of MRSA infections in outpatient settings and of co-resistance profiles of MRSA isolates are scarce or lacking in Germany. METHODS:We analysed data from the Antimicrobial Resistance Survei...
journal_title：BMC infectious diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12879-017-2271-6
更新日期：2017-02-23 00:00:00
