Abstract：
:Rising rates of diabetes in pregnancy have led to an escalation in research in this area. As in any area of clinical research, definitions of outcomes vary from study to study, making it difficult to compare research findings and draw conclusions. Our aim was to compile and create a repository of definitions, which could then be used universally. A systematic review of the literature was performed on published and ongoing randomized controlled trials in the area of diabetes in pregnancy between 01 Jan 2000 and 01 Jun 2012. Other sources included the World Health Organization and Academic Society Statements. The advice of experts was sought when appropriate definitions were lacking. Among the published randomized controlled trials on diabetes and pregnancy, 171 abstracts were retrieved, 64 full texts were reviewed and 53 were included. Among the ongoing randomized controlled trials published in ClinicalTrials.gov, 90 protocols were retrieved and 25 were finally included. The definitions from these were assembled and the final maternal definitions and foetal definitions were agreed upon by consensus. It is our hope that the definitions we have provided (i) will be widely used in the reporting of future studies in the area of diabetes in pregnancy, that they will (ii) facilitate future systematic reviews and formal meta analyses and (iii) ultimately improve outcomes for mothers and babies.
journal_name
Diabetes Metab Res Revjournal_title
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviewsauthors
International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) Working Group on Outcome Definitions.,Feig DS,Corcoy R,Jensen DM,Kautzky-Willer A,Nolan CJ,Oats JJ,Sacks DA,Caimari F,McIntyre HDdoi
10.1002/dmrr.2640subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
680-90issue
7eissn
1520-7552issn
1520-7560journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:The possible effect of random intrasite placement on the outcome of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWF) test is not known. We sought to determine the significance of this variable in the diagnosis of loss of protective sensation (LOPS) in patients with diabetes. METHODS:Forty-five patients with diabetes...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2388
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been shown that subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), whose plasma glucose (PG) levels do not return to their fasting PG level within 2 h during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (Group I), have a significantly higher risk to develop type 2 diabetes than NGT subjects whose 2-h glucose retu...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.951
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sustained hyperglycaemia induces increased renal oxygen consumption resulting in reduced oxygen availability in the diabetic kidney. We investigated the roles of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase and the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) for the increased oxygen consumption ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1099
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:We systematically review the available systems used to classify diabetic foot ulcers in order to synthesize their methodological qualitative issues and accuracy to predict lower extremity amputation, as this may represent a critical point in these patients' care. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Two investigators searched, in...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2535
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cross-sectional and family studies identified angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene as a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN). The contribution of ACE gene variants to DN development and progression is controversial and varies among different ethnic/racial groups. METHODS:We investigated the associa...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1006
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropathy is a frequent complication in diabetes and most commonly seen as distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy (PN). Involvement of the motor system is infrequently seen at the clinical examination. However, with the application of quantitative techniques, that is, isokinetic dynamometry, type 1 and type 2...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2257
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Physical functioning may be an important pre-clinical marker of chronic disease, used as a tool to identify patients at risk for future cardiometabolic abnormalities. This study evaluated if self-reported physical functioning was associated with the development of cardiometabolic abnormalities or their clust...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2765
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The pancreatic islet damage that occurs through an inflammatory response and hypoxia after infusion is a major hurdle in islet transplantation. Because essential phospholipids (EPL) have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in liver disease, we analysed their protective effect on islets in infl...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2714
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Although a dramatic increase in disease burden is projected, it remains to be seen what effect the ongoing devastation of HIV disease will have on the epidemiology of such chronic diseases as diabetes. Recent data on type 2 diabetes prevalence indica...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.284
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clinical studies have shown that proinsulin C-peptide exerts renoprotective effects in type 1 diabetes, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. As C-peptide has been shown to induce several intracellular events and to localize to nuclei, we aimed to determine whether gene transcription is a...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1220
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells are known to be extremely susceptible to destruction, primarily by autoimmune mechanisms, infectious agents, and by chemical toxins that cause overt type I diabetes. As development of highly protected insulin-producing cells would be important for successful cell therapy of diab...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.545
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a "Cinderella" complication, particularly in the Middle East. A high prevalence of undiagnosed DN and those at risk of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a major concern. We have determined the prevalence of DN and its risk factors, DFU, and those at risk of DFU in patients with type 2 d...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3286
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To compare in atrial fibrillation patients with and without diabetes, (1) baseline characteristics, (2) additional risk factors for stroke or peripheric or visceral embolism (hypertension, previous stroke, age >75 years), (3) mortality, (4) stroke or embolism, and (5) oral anticoagulation in the year 2000. ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.386
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has increased in recent decades, as has the incidence of preterm births (<37 weeks). We aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of prematurity and early prematurity (<34 weeks) and birth season variability among T1DM and non-T1DM children. METHODS:A nati...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2996
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic foot ulceration poses a heavy burden on the patient and the healthcare system, but prevention thereof receives little attention. For every euro spent on ulcer prevention, ten are spent on ulcer healing, and for every randomized controlled trial conducted on prevention, ten are conducted on healing. In this ar...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2738
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires the implementation of preventive strategies to halt this trend, tailored to the specific needs of individual regions. Risk factors for T2DM are among the main targets for improving health outcomes and curbing the development of diabetes; exce...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2513
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This article aims to describe the implementation and initial results of an audit-feedback quality improvement initiative in Belgian diabetic foot clinics. METHODS:Using self-developed software and questionnaires, diabetic foot clinics collected data in 2005, 2008 and 2011, covering characteristics, history ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2524
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel marker of visceral adipose tissue accumulation and dysfunction. The study aim was to explore the association of VAI with the 10-year type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence in apparently healthy individuals and compare its T2DM predictive ability against common ant...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3161
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using sulfonylurea derivatives or insulin may experience hypoglycaemia. However, recent data regarding the incidence of hypoglycaemia are scarce. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that experien...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2470
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the prognostic implications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the importance of glycemic control during hospitalization for infectious diseases. METHODS:Historical prospectively collected data of patients hospitalized between 2011 and 2013. Infection-related hospitalizations were classified according ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3027
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is strong evidence that the avoidance of hyperglycemia is essential inoptimizing pregnancy outcome in type 1 diabetes. The price to pay is a striking increase in severe hypoglycemia (SH), defined as episodes requiring help from another person. During type 1 diabetic pregnancy, occurrence rates of SH up to 15 tim...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.271
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent study from Gallagher et al. aimed to investigate the effect of a new depeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor, MK-0626, on bone turnover in a mouse model developing insulin resistance and diabetes (MKR mice). Authors have found that treatment with MK-0626 did not affect either MKR mice fasting glucose or parameters o...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2505
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Intensive insulin therapy is the gold standard by which Type 1 diabetes is treated. In addition to this therapy, administration of nicotinamide (NA) can be beneficial. This concept is reinforced by the results of a recent meta-analysis of the use of NA in patients with recent-onset Type 1 diabetes. METHODS:...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199905/06)15:3<181::aid-dm
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to reducing hyperglycaemia, the metabolic actions of TZDs (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) in theory might improve the prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it appears from recent data that pioglitazone and rosiglitazone have different cardiovascular risk profiles. The scope of this paper is...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.937
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During late gestation, although maternal adipose tissue lipolytic activity becomes enhanced, lipolytic products cross the placenta with difficulty. Under fasting conditions, free fatty acids (FFA) are used for ketogenesis by the mother, and ketone bodies are used as fuels and lipogenic substrates by the fetus. Materna...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/1520-7560(200005/06)16:3<202::aid-dmrr116>
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to assess the clinical implications of calculating an individualized HbA1c target using a recently published algorithm in a real-life clinical setting. METHODS:General practitioners (GPs) from the Spanish Society of Family Medicine Diabetes Expert Group were invited to participate ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2976
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We have investigated the possible role of ACP1 (also known as cLMWPTP: cytosolic low molecular weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase), a highly polymorphic enzyme involved in signal transduction of T-cell receptor, insulin receptor and other growth factors in the relationship between maternal age at delivery an...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.521
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatic glycogen is replenished during the absorptive period postprandially. This repletion is prompted partly by an increased hepatic uptake of glucose by the liver, partly by metabolite and hormonal signals in the portal vein, and partly by an increased gluconeogenic flux to glycogen (glyconeogenesis). There is some...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.217
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies have associated diabetes mellitus (DM) with the reduced risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. We used the national insurance data of Taiwan to examine these correlations for an Asian population. The association was also evaluated by DM severity. METHODS:We id...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2585
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study assesses the autonomic function of patients who have regained awareness of hypoglycaemia following islet cell or whole pancreas transplant. METHODS:Five patients with type 1 diabetes and either islet cell (four patients) or whole pancreas (one patient) transplant were assessed. These patients wer...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2652
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
