Pity the poor gatekeeper: a transatlantic perspective on cost containment in clinical practice.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the association of resting echocardiography before elective intermediate to high risk non-cardiac surgery with survival and length of hospital stay. DESIGN:Population based retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2008. PART...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wijeysundera DN,Beattie WS,Karkouti K,Neuman MD,Austin PC,Laupacis A

更新日期：2011-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To directly compare the performance and externally validate the three most studied prediction tools for osteoporotic fractures-QFracture, FRAX, and Garvan-using data from electronic health records. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Payer provider healthcare organisation in Israel. PARTICIPANTS:...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dagan N,Cohen-Stavi C,Leventer-Roberts M,Balicer RD

更新日期：2017-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the short form 36 (SF 36) health survey questionnaire (a shortened version of a battery of 149 health status questions) as a measure of patient outcome in a broad sample of patients suffering from four common clinical conditions. DESIGN:Postal questio...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Garratt AM,Ruta DA,Abdalla MI,Buckingham JK,Russell IT

更新日期：1993-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy of a newly developed system for applying continuous or intermittent negative (subatmospheric) extrathoracic pressure in respiratory failure. DESIGN:Uncontrolled clinical trials in infants deteriorating or failing to improve despite standard medical treatment. SETTING:Paediatric and ne...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Samuels MP,Southall DP

更新日期：1989-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To find out what inpatients with advanced cancer who are receiving palliative care think about the effect of thromoprophylaxis on overall quality of life. DESIGN:Qualitative study using audiotaping of semistructured interviews. SETTING:Regional cancer centre in Wales. PARTICIPANTS:28 inpatients with advanc...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Noble SI,Nelson A,Turner C,Finlay IG

更新日期：2006-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess whether a late evening meal would improve nitrogen balance in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. DESIGN:Randomised crossover study of meal schedules comparing three meals a day with four or six meals a day, the four and six meal schedules both including a late evening meal (2300). SETTING:Metab...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Swart GR,Zillikens MC,van Vuure JK,van den Berg JW

更新日期：1989-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:According to a London physician, women with epilepsy taking antiepileptic drugs can take combined oral contraceptives (OCs). It is usual to recommend a combined OC preparation containing at least 50 mcg of estrogen (Ovran) from patients taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs; this can be increased to 60 mcg by ta...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： O'Brien MD,Gilmour-White S

更新日期：1993-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To report on the country of training and ethnicity of consultants in different specialties in the NHS, on trends in intake to UK medical schools by ethnicity, and on the specialty choices made by UK medical graduates in different ethnic groups. DESIGN:Analysis of official databases of consultants and of stu...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Goldacre MJ,Davidson JM,Lambert TW

更新日期：2004-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the long term risk of cervical and other cancers after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. PARTICIPANTS:7564 women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia during 1974 and 2001 and followed up th...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kalliala I,Anttila A,Pukkala E,Nieminen P

更新日期：2005-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate associations between Apgar scores of 7, 8, and 9 (versus 10) at 1, 5, and 10 minutes, and neonatal mortality and morbidity. DESIGN:Population based cohort study. SETTING:Sweden. PARTICIPANTS:1 551 436 non-malformed live singleton infants, born at term (≥37 weeks' gestation) between 1999 and ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Razaz N,Cnattingius S,Joseph KS

更新日期：2019-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Organs for donation are in short supply in the United Kingdom, resulting in allegations that relatives of potential donors are not being asked for consent. Legislation on "required request" has been proposed to overcome this. The incidence, causes, complications, and patterns of organ donation in brain stem dead patie...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Bodenham A,Berridge JC,Park GR

更新日期：1989-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:In most European countries health has been shown to be linked to social circumstances--gradients in health status have persisted for decades, despite major changes in the principal causes of death. In central and eastern Europe life expectancy has stagnated since the mid-60s, whereas in the West it has increased; but ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Power C

更新日期：1994-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Screening for lung cancer with low dose computed tomography can reduce mortality from the disease by 20% in high risk smokers. This review covers the state of the art knowledge on several aspects of implementing a screening program. The most important are to identify people who are at high enough risk to warrant scree...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Tammemagi MC,Lam S

更新日期：2014-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the processes involved in and impact of mergers between NHS trusts, including the effect on management costs. DESIGN:Cross sectional study involving in depth interviews and documentary analysis; case study to compare savings in management costs between case trusts and control trusts. SETTING:Nine t...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Fulop N,Protopsaltis G,Hutchings A,King A,Allen P,Normand C,Walters R

更新日期：2002-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess relative efficacy and toxicity of aminoglycosides given by single daily dose compared with multiple daily doses. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of 21 randomised trials identified through MEDLARS (1966 to January 1995). Data were overviewed with fixed effects and random effects models and with meta-regression...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Barza M,Ioannidis JP,Cappelleri JC,Lau J

更新日期：1996-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the appropriateness of referrals from general practice to hospital outpatient departments. DESIGN:Prospective audit of referrals from a group practice over one year. SETTING:Six handed practice in a southern coastal town. SUBJECTS:All patients referred during the study period for whom a copy o...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Emmanuel J,Walter N

更新日期：1989-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To describe utilisation of general practitioners by elderly people resident in communal establishments; to examine variations in general practitioner utilisation and estimate the likely impact of the "downsizing" of long stay provision in NHS hospitals. DESIGN:Secondary analyses of the survey of disability ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kavanagh S,Knapp M

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is strong circumstantial evidence that human papillomavirus is a cofactor in the development of cervical neoplasia. Systemic immunosuppression has also been implicated. A study was therefore carried out examining the relation between subtypes of human papillomavirus and local immunocompetent cells in the cervix....

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hawthorn RJ,Murdoch JB,MacLean AB,MacKie RM

更新日期：1988-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:OBJECTIVE-To assess the risk of cardiorespiratory symptoms and mortality in non-smokers who were passively exposed to environmental smoke. DESIGN:Prospective study of cohort from general population first screened between 1972 and 1976 and followed up for an average of 11.5 years, with linkage of data from p...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hole DJ,Gillis CR,Chopra C,Hawthorne VM

更新日期：1989-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test the effectiveness of an evidence based model for management of depression in primary care with support from quality improvement resources. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Five healthcare organisations in the United States and 60 affiliated practices. PATIENTS:405 patients, aged ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dietrich AJ,Oxman TE,Williams JW Jr,Schulberg HC,Bruce ML,Lee PW,Barry S,Raue PJ,Lefever JJ,Heo M,Rost K,Kroenke K,Gerrity M,Nutting PA

更新日期：2004-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in entrants to Irish prisons and to examine risk factors for infection. DESIGN:Cross sectional, anonymous survey, with self completed risk factor questionnaire and oral fluid specimen for antibody testing. SET...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Long J,Allwright S,Barry J,Reynolds SR,Thornton L,Bradley F,Parry JV

更新日期：2001-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the increased iron demands of pregnancy could be met by increased absorption from dietary sources. DESIGN AND SETTING:Longitudinal prospective study in the research unit of a maternity hospital. SUBJECTS:12 normal pregnant women. INTERVENTIONS:At 12, 24, and 36 weeks' gestation (within...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Barrett JF,Whittaker PG,Williams JG,Lind T

更新日期：1994-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To identify the nature and extent of any vocational training deficit within the London initiative zone and investigate the reasons. DESIGN:Collation of statistics and postal questionnaire surveys. SETTING:Thames regions inside and outside the London initiative zone. SUBJECTS:General practice registrars, tr...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Harris T,Silver T,Rink E,Hilton S

更新日期：1996-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects on independence in older people needing rehabilitation in a locality based community hospital compared with care on a ward for elderly people in a district general hospital. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Care in a community hospital and district general hospital in Bra...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Green J,Young J,Forster A,Mallinder K,Bogle S,Lowson K,Small N

更新日期：2005-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between tea drinking habits in Golestan province, northern Iran, and risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. DESIGN:Population based case-control study. In addition, patterns of tea drinking and temperature at which tea was drunk were measured among healthy participants in...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Islami F,Pourshams A,Nasrollahzadeh D,Kamangar F,Fahimi S,Shakeri R,Abedi-Ardekani B,Merat S,Vahedi H,Semnani S,Abnet CC,Brennan P,Møller H,Saidi F,Dawsey SM,Malekzadeh R,Boffetta P

更新日期：2009-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the usefulness of serum concentrations of the complex of trypsin 2 and alpha 1 antitrypsin in diagnosing and assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis in comparison with serum C reactive protein, amylase, and trypsinogen 2 concentrations (reference markers). DESIGN:Markers were measured in con...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hedström J,Sainio V,Kemppainen E,Haapiainen R,Kivilaakso E,Schröder T,Leinonen J,Stenman UH

更新日期：1996-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a decision aid designed for adults with low education and literacy can support informed choice and involvement in decisions about screening for bowel cancer. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Areas in New South Wales, Australia identified as socioeconomically disadvantaged (lo...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Smith SK,Trevena L,Simpson JM,Barratt A,Nutbeam D,McCaffery KJ

更新日期：2010-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:Prophylactic treatment and follow-up after exposure to HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C outside hospital needs to be improved. BACKGROUND AND SETTING:Until January 2000, people in Amsterdam could report exposure outside hospital to either a hospital or the municipal health service. If they reported to the mun...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sonder GJ,Regez RM,Brinkman K,Prins JM,Mulder JW,Spaargaren J,Coutinho RA,van den Hoek A

更新日期：2005-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare health behaviours during pregnancy (smoking and alcohol consumption) and after birth (initiation and duration of breast feeding) between British/Irish white mothers and mothers from ethnic minority groups; and, in mothers from ethnic minority groups, to examine whether indicators of acculturation (...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hawkins SS,Lamb K,Cole TJ,Law C,Millennium Cohort Study Child Health Group.

更新日期：2008-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was performed to assess whether the existing differential capitation fees for general practitioners accurately assess differential workloads. Data from the third morbidity study in general practice were used to compare capitation fees with relative workload in differing age and sex groups. The population mix w...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Fleming DM

更新日期：1988-10-15 00:00:00