Effect of a late evening meal on nitrogen balance in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the distribution of patterns of macronutrient density in relation to obesity. DESIGN:Cross sectional. SETTING:Denmark. SUBJECTS:323 men and women aged 35-65 years, selected randomly from a larger population sample of Danish adults. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Bias in dietary reporting of energy and pr...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Heitmann BL,Lissner L

更新日期：1995-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" had the merit of widening concepts of health to include psychological and social aspects, but is of no practical use. In fact, this statement m...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Saracci R

更新日期：1997-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the incidence of suicides due to co-proxamol compared with tricyclic antidepressants and paracetamol, and to compare fatality rates for self poisonings with these drugs. DESIGN:Analysis of routinely collected national and local data on suicides and self poisonings. SETTING:Records of suicides in...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hawton K,Simkin S,Deeks J

更新日期：2003-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES: To determine whether late mortality after sepsis is driven predominantly by pre-existing comorbid disease or is the result of sepsis itself. DEIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: US Health and Retirement Study. PARTICIPANTS: 960 patients aged ≥65 (1998-2010) with fee-for-service Medicare coverage w...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Prescott HC,Osterholzer JJ,Langa KM,Angus DC,Iwashyna TJ

更新日期：2016-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The introduction in Britain of advance directives--which allow a person to state in advance of becoming incompetent that they wish to take part in treatment decisions when no longer mentally competent--has now been advocated by the medical and legal establishments. The practical application of directives relating to h...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Robertson GS

更新日期：1995-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the appropriateness of referrals from general practice to hospital outpatient departments. DESIGN:Prospective audit of referrals from a group practice over one year. SETTING:Six handed practice in a southern coastal town. SUBJECTS:All patients referred during the study period for whom a copy o...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Emmanuel J,Walter N

更新日期：1989-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A sample of 106 senior house officers who had graduated from Nottingham University in 1987 was surveyed about their experience of and need for careers guidance, performance appraisal, and stress counselling. Of the 80 who replied, a quarter had received no careers guidance and a quarter no feedback about their work pe...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Garrud P

更新日期：1990-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The relations among parental reports of respiratory symptoms, bronchospasm measured after exercise, and the presence of visible fungal mould in the home was assessed in a population sample of 7 year old children (n = 873). Wheeze in the past year was the symptom most closely associated with reported dampness and parti...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Strachan DP

更新日期：1988-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate current practice of screening children from abroad for infections after coming to the United Kingdom, and to make recommendations for future practice. DESIGN:A review of literature and a questionnaire sent to all health authorities and boards in the United Kingdom. SETTING:All health authori...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Shabde N,Waterston T

更新日期：1990-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare characteristics of patients and outcomes after elective surgery in independent sector treatment centres (ISTCs) and NHS providers. DESIGN:Follow-up study with outcomes reported by patients three to six months after surgery. SETTING:25 ISTCs and 72 NHS providers in England. Population Consecutive ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Chard J,Kuczawski M,Black N,van der Meulen J,POiS Audit Steering Committee.

更新日期：2011-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To characterise the percentage of available outcome data being presented in reports of randomised clinical trials with continuous outcome measures, thereby determining the potential for incomplete reporting bias. DESIGN:Descriptive cross sectional study. DATA SOURCES:A random sample of 200 randomised trials...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Schriger DL,Savage DF,Altman DG

更新日期：2012-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To obtain information about the computerisation of general practice in Wales, and to enable more effective planning of educational provision for doctors and other primary health care workers. DESIGN:Postal questionnaire sent to all general practices in Wales. SUBJECTS:553 general practices, of which 401 (73...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Goves JR,Davies T,Reilly T

更新日期：1991-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although HBV vaccination has reduced the prevalence Of HBV infection, the burden of disease remains high. Treatment with antiviral drugs reduces the risk of liver disease and the development of HCC, and it...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sundaram V,Kowdley K

更新日期：2015-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Seventy five consecutive users of the Leeds disabled living foundation were surveyed. Two thirds of these users were at least moderately severely disabled. Forty eight of the 65 people (74%) who completed the questionnaire were recommended aids, and 33 had received some at the end of the survey. Only 10 of 28 people h...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Chamberlain MA,Gallop J

更新日期：1988-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical effects of regulating umbilical cord clamping in preterm infants. DESIGN:A prospective randomised study. SETTING:The Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow. SUBJECTS:36 vaginally delivered infants over 27 and under 33 weeks' gestation. INTERVENTION:Holding the infant 20 cm below the ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kinmond S,Aitchison TC,Holland BM,Jones JG,Turner TL,Wardrop CA

更新日期：1993-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the cost effectiveness of different screening strategies for abdominal aortic aneurysm in men, from the perspective of a national health service. SETTING:Screening units at regional hospitals. PARTICIPANTS:Hypothetical cohort of 65 year old men from the general population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:C...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Søgaard R,Laustsen J,Lindholt JS

更新日期：2012-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), the extreme manifestation of renal impairment in patients with cirrhosis, is characterized by reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Hepatorenal syndrome is diagnosed when kidney function is reduced but evidence of intrinsic kidney disease, such as hematuria, proteinu...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Simonetto DA,Gines P,Kamath PS

更新日期：2020-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of a survey of 769 patients attending the St. James's University Fertility Control Clinic, England, for abortion services showed that patients seeing general practitioners were less knowledgeable than those attending specialist clinics. There was a demonstrated need for counseling on pill and condom use a...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Bromham DR,Cartmill RS

更新日期：1993-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine prospectively the rates of change in bone mineral density in elderly people and to examine the relation between lifestyle and demographic factors and these rates of change. DESIGN:Longitudinal population based study. SETTING:Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia. SUBJECTS:Representative sample (n...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Jones G,Nguyen T,Sambrook P,Kelly PJ,Eisman JA

更新日期：1994-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:An association between vasectomy and the development of testicular tumors, and the importance of testicular examinations both before and after a vasectomy is discussed. Patients diagnosed with testicular tumors within the last ten years were examined at Bangour General Hospital in Scotland. From 1977-87, 37 patients...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Cale AR,Farouk M,Prescott RJ,Wallace IW

更新日期：1990-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact on birth size and risk of low birth weight of alternative combinations of micronutrients given to pregnant women. DESIGN:Double blind cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Rural community in south eastern Nepal. PARTICIPANTS:4926 pregnant women and 4130 live born infants. INTER...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Christian P,Khatry SK,Katz J,Pradhan EK,LeClerq SC,Shrestha SR,Adhikari RK,Sommer A,West KP Jr

更新日期：2003-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, based in New York, US, was established in 1996 to develop a safe and affordable AIDS vaccine. It is funded by a number of large foundations and charities, the British government, and the World Bank. The Initiative's first 2 large projects, 2 research programs into a vaccine...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Matthews H

更新日期：1998-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To establish the extent to which systematic reviews and meta-analyses of individual participant data (IPD) are being used to inform the recommendations included in published clinical guidelines. DESIGN:Descriptive study. SETTING:Database maintained by the Cochrane IPD Meta-analysis Methods Group, supplement...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Vale CL,Rydzewska LH,Rovers MM,Emberson JR,Gueyffier F,Stewart LA,Cochrane IPD Meta-analysis Methods Group.

更新日期：2015-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：STUDY QUESTION:Does maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure of infants to tobacco smoke at age 4 months increase the risk of caries in deciduous teeth? METHODS:Population based retrospective cohort study of 76 920 children born between 2004 and 2010 in Kobe City, Japan who received municipal health check-ups at...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Tanaka S,Shinzawa M,Tokumasu H,Seto K,Tanaka S,Kawakami K

更新日期：2015-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials obtained from five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Sports Discus, PsycLIT, Cochrane Library) and through contact with exp...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lawlor DA,Hopker SW

更新日期：2001-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES: To provide contemporary estimates of the prevalence of microcephaly in Europe, determine if the diagnosis of microcephaly is consistent across Europe, and evaluate whether changes in prevalence would be detected using the current European surveillance performed by EUROCAT (the European Surveillance of Conge...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Morris JK,Rankin J,Garne E,Loane M,Greenlees R,Addor MC,Arriola L,Barisic I,Bergman JE,Csaky-Szunyogh M,Dias C,Draper ES,Gatt M,Khoshnood B,Klungsoyr K,Kurinczuk JJ,Lynch C,McDonnell R,Nelen V,Neville AJ,O'Mahony

更新日期：2016-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To directly compare the performance and externally validate the three most studied prediction tools for osteoporotic fractures-QFracture, FRAX, and Garvan-using data from electronic health records. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Payer provider healthcare organisation in Israel. PARTICIPANTS:...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Dagan N,Cohen-Stavi C,Leventer-Roberts M,Balicer RD

更新日期：2017-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy of high dose folic acid supplementation for prevention of pre-eclampsia in women with at least one risk factor: pre-existing hypertension, prepregnancy diabetes (type 1 or 2), twin pregnancy, pre-eclampsia in a previous pregnancy, or body mass index ≥35. DESIGN:Randomised, phase III...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wen SW,White RR,Rybak N,Gaudet LM,Robson S,Hague W,Simms-Stewart D,Carroli G,Smith G,Fraser WD,Wells G,Davidge ST,Kingdom J,Coyle D,Fergusson D,Corsi DJ,Champagne J,Sabri E,Ramsay T,Mol BWJ,Oudijk MA,Walker MC,

更新日期：2018-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of health checks by nurses in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients from general practice. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Five urban general practices in Bedfordshire. SUBJECTS:2136 patients receiving an initial health check in 1989-91 and sch...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors：

更新日期：1994-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if sufficient evidence exists to support the use of magnetic resonance angiography as a means of selecting patients with recently symptomatic high grade carotid stenosis for surgery. DESIGN:Systematic review of published research on the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance angiography, 1...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Westwood ME,Kelly S,Berry E,Bamford JM,Gough MJ,Airey CM,Meaney JF,Davies LM,Cullingworth J,Smith MA

更新日期：2002-01-26 00:00:00