Abstract:
BACKGROUND:There is an increasing global burden of disease from injuries. Models of trauma care initially developed in high-income countries are also being adopted in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Amongst these ambulance crews with Advanced Life Support (ALS) training are being promoted in LMIC as a strategy for improving outcomes for victims of trauma. However there is controversy as to the effectiveness of this health service intervention, and the evidence has yet to be rigorously appraised. OBJECTIVES:To quantify the effectiveness of ambulance crews with ALS training versus crews with any other level of training in reducing mortality and morbidity in trauma patients. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register (CCTR), the specialised register of the Cochrane Injuries Group, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed and the National Research Register. We checked references of background papers and contacted authors to identify additional published or unpublished data. SELECTION CRITERIA:Randomised controlled trials, quasi-randomised controlled trials and controlled before-and-after studies comparing effectiveness of ambulance crews with ALS training versus crews with any other levels of training in reducing mortality and morbidity in trauma patients. Studies which compared crews staffed by physicians versus others were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Two reviewers independently applied eligibility criteria to trial reports for inclusion and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS:We found one randomised controlled trial, which included 16 trauma cases. However, outcome data were added to the main non-randomised cohort in the analysis, and data on these 16 cases are not yet available. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS:In the absence of evidence of the effectiveness of advanced life support, strong argument could be made that it should not be promoted outside the context of a properly concealed and otherwise rigorously conducted randomised controlled trial.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Sethi D,Kwan I,Kelly AM,Roberts I,Bunn Fdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD003109keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
CD003109issue
2issn
1469-493Xpii
CD003109pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is characterised by progressive, predominantly distal, asymmetrical limb weakness and usually multiple partial motor nerve conduction blocks. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is beneficial but the role of immunosuppressive agents is uncertain. This is an update of a review ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003217.pub5
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with an approximate prevalence of 1 in 3500 live births. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a lung disease caused by aspergillus-induced hypersensitivity with a prevalence of 2% to 15% in people with cystic fibrosis. The mainstay of treat...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010288.pub2
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abstract:BACKGROUND:In conventional (standard) laparoscopic cholecystectomy, four abdominal ports (two of 10 mm diameter and two of 5 mm diameter) are used. Recently, use of smaller ports have been reported. OBJECTIVES:To assess the benefits and harms of miniport (defined as ports smaller than conventional ports) laparoscopic ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006804.pub2
更新日期:2010-03-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lateral and posterior position of the baby's head (the back of the baby's head facing to the mother's side or back) may be associated with more painful, prolonged or obstructed labour and difficult delivery. It is possible that certain positions adopted by the mother may influence the baby's position. OBJEC...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001063.pub3
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Telephone services can provide information and support for smokers. Counselling may be provided proactively or offered reactively to callers to smoking cessation helplines. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of telephone support to help smokers quit, including proactive or reactive counselling, or the provis...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002850.pub4
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journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003535
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Wilson's disease, first described by Samuel Wilson in 1912, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from mutations in the ATP7B gene. The disease develops as a consequence of copper accumulating in affected tissues. There is no gold standard for the diagnosis of Wilson's disease, which is ofte...
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012267.pub2
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many women would like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain management in labour and this may contribute to the popularity of complementary methods of pain management. This review examined currently available evidence on the use of relaxation therapies for pain management in labour. This is an...
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009514.pub2
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journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Ovulatory disturbance is a key diagnostic feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), leading to infertility and correspondingly heavy disease burden. Many therapeutic strategies have been used to induce ovulation for women with PCOS who are infertile. Ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian needle drillin...
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008583.pub2
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abstract:BACKGROUND:The major modifiable risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants relate to enteral feeding practices. Observational studies suggest that conservative feeding regimens that include slowly advancing enteral feed volumes reduce the risk of NEC. However, slow feed adv...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001241.pub3
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abstract:BACKGROUND:The role of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been the subject of much controversy. Major international guidelines recommend selective use of ICS. Recently published meta-analyses have reported conflicting findings on the effects of inhaled steroid therapy in C...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002991.pub2
更新日期:2007-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Numerous systematic reviews exist on interventions to improve consumers' medicines use, but this research is distributed across diseases, populations and settings. The scope and focus of reviews on consumers' medicines use also varies widely. Such differences create challenges for decision makers seeking rev...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007768.pub2
更新日期:2011-05-11 00:00:00
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journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006864
更新日期:2007-10-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) is a widely-used fertility treatment for couples with unexplained subfertility. Although IUI is less invasive and less expensive than in vitro fertilisation (IVF), the safety of IUI in combination with ovarian hyperstimulation (OH) is debated. The main concern about IUI treat...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001838.pub6
更新日期:2020-03-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This is an update of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 2, 2007. Some antiepileptic medicines have a place in the treatment of neuropathic pain (pain due to nerve damage). This updated review adds five new additional studies looking at evidence for Lamotrigine as an effective treatment for acute...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006044.pub3
更新日期:2011-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many smokers give up smoking on their own, but materials that provide a structured programme for smokers to follow may increase the number who quit successfully. OBJECTIVES:The aims of this review were to determine the effectiveness of different forms of print-based self-help materials that provide a struct...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001118.pub4
更新日期:2019-01-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Compared to patients without cancer, patients with cancer who receive anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism are more likely to develop recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVES:To compare the efficacy and safety of three types of parenteral anticoagulants for the initial treatment of V...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006649.pub5
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Mental health problems in children are common. Research suggests that parenting has an important role to play in helping children to become well adjusted adults, and that the first few months and years of a child's life are especially important in establishing patterns of emotional, cognitive and social func...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003680
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pressure ventilation. Two forms of methylxanthine (caffe...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000273
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abstract:BACKGROUND:This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 2, 2007. The role of radiotherapy (both pelvic external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and vaginal intracavity brachytherapy (VBT)) in stage I endometrial cancer following hysterectomy remains controversial. OBJECTIVES:To assess the eff...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003916.pub3
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journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition which affects many women of reproductive age worldwide and is a major cause of pain and infertility. The modern oral contraceptive pill is widely used to treat pain occurring as a result of endometriosis, although the evidence for its efficacy is limited. O...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Systemic corticosteroid therapy is central to the management of acute asthma The use of inhaled corticosteroids may also be beneficial in this setting. OBJECTIVES:To determine the benefit of inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of patients with acute asthma managed in the emergency department (ED). SE...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease, which includes coronary artery disease, stroke and congestive heart failure, is a leading cause of death worldwide. Homocysteine is an amino acid with biological functions in methionine metabolism. A postulated risk factor is an elevated circulating total homocysteine level, which is ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
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更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The majority of people with epilepsy have a good prognosis, and their seizures can be well controlled with the use of a single antiepileptic agent, but up to 30% develop refractory epilepsy, especially those with focal seizures. In this review, we summarised the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RC...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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更新日期:2018-10-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sodium cromoglycate has been recommended as maintenance treatment for childhood asthma for many years. Its use has decreased since 1990, when inhaled corticosteroids became popular, but it is still used in many countries. OBJECTIVES:To determine the efficacy of sodium cromoglycate compared to placebo in the...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002173.pub2
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) last for less than 30 days and are the most common acute diseases affecting people. Exercise has been shown to improve health generally, but it is uncertain whether exercise may be effective in reducing the occurrence, severity, and duration of ARIs. This is an update of o...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010596.pub3
更新日期:2020-04-04 00:00:00