Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether poor reporting of methods in randomised controlled trials reflects on poor methods. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Reports of randomised controlled trials conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group since its establishment in 1968. PARTICIPANTS:The Radiation Therapy Oncology...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Soares HP,Daniels S,Kumar A,Clarke M,Scott C,Swann S,Djulbegovic B,Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

更新日期：2004-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy in screening for colorectal cancer by patient sex and age. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of randomised trials (the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian cancer screening trial (PLCO), the Italian Screening for Colon and Rectum trial (SCORE), and the Norwe...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Holme Ø,Schoen RE,Senore C,Segnan N,Hoff G,Løberg M,Bretthauer M,Adami HO,Kalager M

更新日期：2017-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of surgery with disc prosthesis versus non-surgical treatment for patients with chronic low back pain. DESIGN:A prospective randomised multicentre study. SETTING:Five university hospitals in Norway. PARTICIPANTS:173 patients with a history of low back pain for at least one year, Osw...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hellum C,Johnsen LG,Storheim K,Nygaard OP,Brox JI,Rossvoll I,Rø M,Sandvik L,Grundnes O,Norwegian Spine Study Group.

更新日期：2011-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the extent of uptake of medication for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in older British men and women before (1998-2001) and after (2003) the implementation of the national service framework. DESIGN:Two population based, longitudinal studies of men and women aged 60-79 in 1998-2001,...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ramsay SE,Whincup PH,Lawlor DA,Papacosta O,Lennon LT,Thomas MC,Ebrahim S,Morris RW

更新日期：2006-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness of tai chi interventions compared with aerobic exercise, a current core standard treatment in patients with fibromyalgia, and to test whether the effectiveness of tai chi depends on its dosage or duration. DESIGN:Prospective, randomized, 52 week, single blind comparative effec...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wang C,Schmid CH,Fielding RA,Harvey WF,Reid KF,Price LL,Driban JB,Kalish R,Rones R,McAlindon T

更新日期：2018-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the relative importance of appropriate prescribing for asthma in explaining high rates of hospital admission for asthma among east London general practices. DESIGN:Poisson regression analysis describing relation of each general practice's admission rates for asthma with prescribing for asthma an...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Griffiths C,Sturdy P,Naish J,Omar R,Dolan S,Feder G

更新日期：1997-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate potential determinants of severe hypoglycaemia, including baseline characteristics, in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial and the association of severe hypoglycaemia with levels of glycated haemoglobin (haemoglobin A(1C)) achieved during therapy. DESIGN:Post ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Miller ME,Bonds DE,Gerstein HC,Seaquist ER,Bergenstal RM,Calles-Escandon J,Childress RD,Craven TE,Cuddihy RM,Dailey G,Feinglos MN,Ismail-Beigi F,Largay JF,O'Connor PJ,Paul T,Savage PJ,Schubart UK,Sood A,Genuth S,ACC

更新日期：2010-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare neonatal mortality and morbidity in term infants presenting by the breech and delivered vaginally or by caesarean section. DESIGN:Population based comparison of outcomes. Data derived from the St Mary's maternity information system. SETTING:North West Thames Regional Health Authority, 1988-90. S...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Thorpe-Beeston JG,Banfield PJ,Saunders NJ

更新日期：1992-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare the efficacy and tolerability of butterbur (Petasites hybridus) with cetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever). DESIGN:Randomised, double blind, parallel group comparison. SETTING:Four outpatient general medicine and allergy clinics in Switzerland and Germany. PARTICIPA...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Schapowal A,Petasites Study Group.

更新日期：2002-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Managed care has entered the lexicon of healthcare reform, but confusion and ignorance surround its meaning and purpose. It seeks to cut the costs of health care while maintaining its quality, but the evidence that it is able to achieve these aims is mixed. As well as raising awareness and understanding of the issues ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Fairfield G,Hunter DJ,Mechanic D,Rosleff F

更新日期：1997-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between birth weight of offspring and mortality among fathers and mothers in the west of Scotland. DESIGN:Prospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS:794 married couples in Renfrew district of the west of Scotland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Mortality from all causes and from ca...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Davey Smith G,Hart C,Ferrell C,Upton M,Hole D,Hawthorne V,Watt G

更新日期：1997-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To study the effects of metformin on the incidence of vitamin B-12 deficiency (<150 pmol/l), low concentrations of vitamin B-12 (150-220 pmol/l), and folate and homocysteine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving treatment with insulin. DESIGN:Multicentre randomised placebo controlled tri...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： de Jager J,Kooy A,Lehert P,Wulffelé MG,van der Kolk J,Bets D,Verburg J,Donker AJ,Stehouwer CD

更新日期：2010-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between body mass index and mortality from overall cardiovascular disease and specific subtypes of cardiovascular disease in east and south Asians. DESIGN:Pooled analyses of 20 prospective cohorts in Asia, including data from 835,082 east Asians and 289,815 south Asians. Cohorts w...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Chen Y,Copeland WK,Vedanthan R,Grant E,Lee JE,Gu D,Gupta PC,Ramadas K,Inoue M,Tsugane S,Tamakoshi A,Gao YT,Yuan JM,Shu XO,Ozasa K,Tsuji I,Kakizaki M,Tanaka H,Nishino Y,Chen CJ,Wang R,Yoo KY,Ahn YO,Ahsan H,

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To explore why cancer patients do not want or seek information about their condition beyond that volunteered by their physicians at times during their illness. DESIGN:Qualitative study based on in-depth interviews. SETTING:Outpatient oncology clinics at a London cancer centre. PARTICIPANTS:17 patients wit...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Leydon GM,Boulton M,Moynihan C,Jones A,Mossman J,Boudioni M,McPherson K

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the relation between energy intake in childhood and adult mortality from cancer. STUDY DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:16 rural and urban centres in England and Scotland. SUBJECTS:3834 people who took part in Lord Boyd Orr's Carnegie survey of family diet and health in prewar Britain between 1937 a...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Frankel S,Gunnell DJ,Peters TJ,Maynard M,Davey Smith G

更新日期：1998-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether breast feeding is related to subsequent risk of breast cancer. DESIGN:Population based case-control study designed primarily to investigate the relation between oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer; data obtained from questionnaires administered by interviewers, general practi...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors：

更新日期：1993-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper examines the impact of marital status on maternal mortality in the period before and the period after German reunification in the area covered by the former East Germany. Maternal mortality ratio prior to the reunification was stable and declined after reunification. This can be attributed to the adoption ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Razum O,Jahn A,Snow R

更新日期：1999-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the experiences of authors of Cochrane reviews in searching for, getting access to, and using unpublished data. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. SETTING:Cochrane reviews. PARTICIPANTS:2184 corresponding authors of Cochrane reviews as of May 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Frequencies of responses to o...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Schroll JB,Bero L,Gøtzsche PC

更新日期：2013-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare the course and outcome of psychotic illness in a group of Afro-Caribbean patients resident in the United Kingdom and a group of white British patients. DESIGN:Cohort study of consecutive admissions followed up for four years. SUBJECTS:113 patients with psychotic illness of recent onset admitted ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： McKenzie K,van Os J,Fahy T,Jones P,Harvey I,Toone B,Murray R

更新日期：1995-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Detailed analysis of primary cutaneous melanoma first diagnosed in Scotland in patients aged 65 and over. DESIGN:Comparison of changing incidence, sex distribution, site, histogenetic type, tumour thickness, and prognosis of all primary cutaneous melanomas in patients aged 65 and over diagnosed in Scotland i...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： McHenry PM,Hole DJ,MacKie RM

更新日期：1992-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the direct and indirect effects of being a twin, maternal smoking, birth weight, and mother's height on blood pressure at ages 9 and 18 years. DESIGN:Longitudinal study. SUBJECTS:Cohort born in 1972-3. SETTING:Dunedin, New Zealand. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Blood pressure at ages 9 and 18 years. RES...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Williams S,Poulton R

更新日期：1999-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of Stepping Stones, a HIV prevention programme, on incidence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and sexual behaviour. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:70 villages (clusters) in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. PARTICIPANTS:1360 men and 1416 women aged...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Jewkes R,Nduna M,Levin J,Jama N,Dunkle K,Puren A,Duvvury N

更新日期：2008-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the potential effects of primary prevention with anticoagulants or aspirin in atrial fibrillation on Swedish population. DESIGN:Analysis of cost effectiveness based on the following assumptions: about 83,000 people have atrial fibrillation in Sweden, of whom 22,000 would be potential candidates for...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Gustafsson C,Asplund K,Britton M,Norrving B,Olsson B,Marké LA

更新日期：1992-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the intervention of a physiotherapist improved mobility in patients seen more than one year after stroke. DESIGN:Randomised crossover trial comparing two groups offered intervention by a physiotherapist, one immediately after entry into the trial and the other after a delay of three mont...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wade DT,Collen FM,Robb GF,Warlow CP

更新日期：1992-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To quantify the impact of citalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on corrected QT interval (QTc), a marker of risk for ventricular arrhythmia, in a large and diverse clinical population. DESIGN:A cross sectional study using electrocardiographic, prescribing, and clinical data from electr...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Castro VM,Clements CC,Murphy SN,Gainer VS,Fava M,Weilburg JB,Erb JL,Churchill SE,Kohane IS,Iosifescu DV,Smoller JW,Perlis RH

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate dynamic contrast enhanced computed tomography for detecting and localising pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis. DESIGN:Prospective evaluation with blind reporting of scans. SETTING:Single teaching hospital. PATIENTS:60 Consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis suspected to have pancrea...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Larvin M,Chalmers AG,McMahon MJ

更新日期：1990-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess and compare the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI), and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as alternative standalone methods for primary cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis of dia...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Fokom-Domgue J,Combescure C,Fokom-Defo V,Tebeu PM,Vassilakos P,Kengne AP,Petignat P

更新日期：2015-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：STUDY QUESTION:Does maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure of infants to tobacco smoke at age 4 months increase the risk of caries in deciduous teeth? METHODS:Population based retrospective cohort study of 76 920 children born between 2004 and 2010 in Kobe City, Japan who received municipal health check-ups at...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Tanaka S,Shinzawa M,Tokumasu H,Seto K,Tanaka S,Kawakami K

更新日期：2015-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy of a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus for the prevention of any diarrhoea associated with antibiotic use and that caused by Clostridium difficile. DESIGN:Randomised double blind placebo controlled study. PARTICIPANTS:135 hospital patients (mean age 74) taking antibiotics. E...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hickson M,D'Souza AL,Muthu N,Rogers TR,Want S,Rajkumar C,Bulpitt CJ

更新日期：2007-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether use of intermediate acting neuromuscular blocking agents during general anesthesia increases the incidence of postoperative respiratory complications. DESIGN:Prospective, propensity score matched cohort study. SETTING:General teaching hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 20...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Grosse-Sundrup M,Henneman JP,Sandberg WS,Bateman BT,Uribe JV,Nguyen NT,Ehrenfeld JM,Martinez EA,Kurth T,Eikermann M

更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00