Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Flupenthixol, first made available in the UK in 1965, has been used as a treatment for schizophrenia for decades. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the absolute clinical effects of flupenthixol for schizophrenia in comparison with placebo. SEARCH METHODS:We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (August 2011), inspected references of all included or excluded studies for further trials, and contacted authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA:All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared flupenthixol with placebo for adults with schizophrenia or related disorders by any means of diagnosis. Primary outcomes of interest were clinically important change in global state, mental state and behaviour, and adverse effects. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:We extracted data from the one included study, discussed any disagreement, documented decisions and contacted the authors of the included study for further information. We analysed binary outcomes using a standard estimation of the risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI). For homogenous data we used a fixed-effect model. For rare events we analysed dichotomous data using Peto Odds ratio (OR), again with 95% CIs. MAIN RESULTS:We could include only one small (n = 45) study of moderate quality. When the active α-flupenthixol was compared with the inactive placebo or β-flupenthixol groups combined, fewer people in the active treatment group needed additional antipsychotic medication by around four weeks for deterioration in their general state (n = 45, OR 0.19 CI 0.05 to 0.71). There was no clear difference in social functioning at one year (n = 45, RR 1.33 CI 0.91 to 1.96). We found no clear data on mental state and behaviour, adverse effects, service use, satisfaction with treatment or costs. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:We were surprised that this well-established drug had so few data from trials investigating its absolute effects. We think this is unlikely to be rectified some 50 years after its launch and know that this would not happen today. However, even though data are very limited, flupenthixol may well be worthy of careful investigation - partly to ensure that this inexpensive active drug is not forgotten.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Shen X,Xia J,Adams CEdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD009777.pub2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-11-14 00:00:00pages
CD009777issn
1469-493Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Intracranial venous thrombosis (ICVT) commonly presents with seizures in the acute period, and some people may develop recurrent seizures in the long term. The prophylactic use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for the management of post-ICVT seizures is controversial, and there is currently no consensus on the ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005501.pub3
更新日期:2014-08-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Depression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Depression is commonly treated with antidepressants and/or psychological therapy, but some people may prefer alternative approaches such as exercise. There are a number of theoretical reasons why exercise may improve depression....
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004366.pub6
更新日期:2013-09-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride have antiviral properties, but they are not widely used due to a lack of knowledge of their potential value and concerns about possible adverse effects. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects and safety of amantadine and riman...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001169
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tetanus is a severe infection that can be prevented by vaccination. In developing countries vaccination coverage is not always high and in developed countries cases may still occur, particularly in elderly people owing to their reduced immunoprotection. It has been estimated that there are about one million ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006665.pub2
更新日期:2008-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe malaria kills over a million people every year. We sought evidence of superiority of artesunate compared with the standard treatment quinine. OBJECTIVES:To compare artesunate with quinine for treating severe malaria. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Regi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005967.pub2
更新日期:2007-10-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The risks of multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) are increased in women with clomiphene resistance WHO group 2 dysfunction undergoing ovulation induction as well as the risk of spontaneous abortion if conception takes place. Semi-purified preparations of FSH have been developed in...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000087
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mental health problems in children are common. Research suggests that parenting has an important role to play in helping children to become well adjusted adults, and that the first few months and years of a child's life are especially important in establishing patterns of emotional, cognitive and social func...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003680
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Amniotomy (the deliberate rupture of membranes) was described almost two centuries ago and since then has been used both for induction and augmentation of labour - which are common obstetric practices. Trends have shown a rise in the induction rates over the last decade and data suggest that the rate of labo...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010626.pub2
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is frequently treated by either an infrainguinal autologous (using the patient's own veins) or synthetic graft bypass. The rate of occlusion of the graft after one year is between 12% and 60%. To prevent occlusion, patients are treated with an antiplatelet or antithrombotic ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000536.pub2
更新日期:2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In general, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) implies a single fresh and one or more frozen-thawed embryo transfers. Alternatively, the 'freeze-all' strategy implies transfer of frozen-thawed embryos only, with no fresh embryo transfers. In practice, both strategies can ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011184.pub2
更新日期:2017-03-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a seasonal pattern of recurrent major depressive episodes that most commonly occurs during autumn or winter and remits in spring. The prevalence of SAD ranges from 1.5% to 9%, depending on latitude. The predictable seasonal aspect of SAD provides a promising opportunity f...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011269.pub3
更新日期:2019-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The role of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been the subject of much controversy. Major international guidelines recommend selective use of ICS. Recently published meta-analyses have reported conflicting findings on the effects of inhaled steroid therapy in C...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002991.pub2
更新日期:2007-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgery is a common treatment modality for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), usually offered to women for whom conservative treatments have failed. Midurethral tapes have superseded colposuspension because cure rates are comparable and recovery time is reduced. However, some women will not be cured after mi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009407.pub3
更新日期:2019-09-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research on the clinical application of oral naltrexone agrees on several things. From a pharmacological perspective, naltrexone works. From an applied perspective, however, the medication compliance and the retention rates are very poor. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effects of naltrexone maintenance treatmen...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001333.pub3
更新日期:2011-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Haematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms of the myeloid or lymphatic cell lines including leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma. In order to manage physical and psychological aspects of the disease and its treatment, complementary therapies like yoga are coming increasingly into focus. However, the effe...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010146.pub2
更新日期:2014-06-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies suggest that overweight and obese breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of cancer recurrence and have higher all-cause mortality. Obesity has an impact on breast cancer survivor's quality of life (QOL) and increases the risk of longer-term morbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and card...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012110.pub2
更新日期:2020-12-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mobilization of community first responders (CFRs) to the scene of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) event has been proposed as a means of shortening the interval from occurrence of cardiac arrest to performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation, thereby increasing patient survi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012764.pub2
更新日期:2019-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acid etching of tooth surfaces to promote the bonding of orthodontic attachments to the enamel has been a routine procedure in orthodontic treatment since the 1960s. Various types of orthodontic etchants and etching techniques have been introduced in the past five decades. Although a large amount of informat...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005516.pub2
更新日期:2013-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To examine the effectiveness and acceptability of all integrative therapies compared with treatment as usual/waiting list/attention placebo control conditions for acute depression.To examine the effectiveness and acceptability o...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008703
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epithelial ovarian cancer is diagnosed in 4500 women in the UK each year of whom 1700 will ultimately die of their disease. Ten to fifteen percent of all cases are diagnosed early when there is still a good possibility for cure. The treatment of early stage disease involves surgery to remove disease often fo...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004706.pub3
更新日期:2009-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nystatin is sometimes used prophylactically in patients with severe immunodeficiency or in the treatment of fungal infection in such patients, although its effect seems to be equivocal. OBJECTIVES:To study whether nystatin decreases morbidity and mortality when given prophylactically or therapeutically to p...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002033.pub2
更新日期:2014-09-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Febrile seizures can be classified as simple or complex. Complex febrile seizures are associated with fever that lasts longer than 15 minutes, occur more than once within 24 hours and are confined to one side of the child's body. It is common in some countries for doctors to recommend an electroencephalograp...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009196.pub2
更新日期:2014-01-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is characterised by progressive, predominantly distal, asymmetrical limb weakness and usually multiple partial motor nerve conduction blocks. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is beneficial but the role of immunosuppressive agents is uncertain. This is an update of a review ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003217.pub5
更新日期:2015-03-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Managed withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug-free treatment or as the end point of long-term substitution treatment. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of opioid antagonists in combination with minimal sedation to manage opioid withdrawal. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Central Regist...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002021.pub3
更新日期:2009-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Overgowns are widely used in newborn nurseries and neonatal intensive care units. It was thought that they may help to prevent the spread of nosocomial infection and serve as a reminder to staff and visitors to wash their hands before contacts with the infant. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003670
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The provision of training for foster carers is now seen as an important factor contributing to the successful outcome of foster care placements. It is believed to be associated with enhancing caring attitudes and skills, reducing behaviour problems in foster children, improving relationships between foster c...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003760.pub2
更新日期:2005-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute bacterial meningitis remains a disease with high mortality rate, ranging from 10 to 30 percent, despite advances in critical care. It has been estimated that between 5 to 40 percent of all patients can suffer hearing loss. The use of corticosteroids as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of acute bacteri...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004305
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration are visible lesions that are risk factors for later retinal detachment. Retinal detachments occur when fluid in the vitreous cavity passes through tears or holes in the retina and separates the retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. Creatio...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003170.pub4
更新日期:2014-09-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While all asthma consensus statements recommend the use of written action plan (WAP) as a central part of asthma management, a recent systematic review of randomised trials highlighted the paucity of trials where the only difference between groups was the provision or not of a written action plan. OBJECTIVE...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005306.pub2
更新日期:2006-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Infection with head lice is a widespread condition in developed and developing countries. Infection occurs most commonly in children, but also affects adults. If left untreated the condition can become intensely irritating and skin infections may occur if the bites are scratched. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001165
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00