Migraine and cognitive decline among women: prospective cohort study.

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the association of Apgar score 5 minutes after birth with cerebral palsy in both normal weight and low birthweight children, and also the association with the cerebral palsy subdiagnoses of quadriplegia, diplegia, and hemiplegia. DESIGN:Population based cohort study. SETTING:The Medical Birth Reg...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lie KK,Grøholt EK,Eskild A

更新日期：2010-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess timeliness of carotid endarterectomy services in the United Kingdom. DESIGN:Observational study with follow-up to March 2008. SETTING:UK hospitals performing carotid endarterectomy. PARTICIPANTS:UK surgeons undertaking carotid endarterectomy from December 2005 to December 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEA...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Halliday AW,Lees T,Kamugasha D,Grant R,Hoffman A,Rothwell PM,Potter JF,Horrocks M,Naylor R,Rudd AG,Carotid Endarterectomy Steering Group.,Clinical Effectiveness and Evaluation Unit, Royal College of Physicians.,Vascular Society o

更新日期：2009-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Currently, clinicians have to make decisions about how to manage pulmonary embolism on the basis of imperfect tests and assessment of odds. Management protocols that inevitably result in large numbers of patients being referred for angiography are unhelpful. Management decisions based on assessment of odds and investi...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Fennerty T

更新日期：1997-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To estimate the cost effectiveness of statins in lowering serum cholesterol concentration in people at varying risk of fatal cardiovascular disease and to explore the implications of changing the criteria for intervention on cost and cost effectiveness for a purchasing authority. DESIGN:A life table method ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Pharoah PD,Hollingworth W

更新日期：1996-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In the wake of the death of an 11-year-old girl the Egyptian government has banned any government-affiliated medical staff from performing female circumcision. Egyptian health policy has shifted from trying to control the practice by keeping it under government supervision towards condemnation. In October 1995 the h...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wiens J

更新日期：1996-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the association of resting echocardiography before elective intermediate to high risk non-cardiac surgery with survival and length of hospital stay. DESIGN:Population based retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2008. PART...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wijeysundera DN,Beattie WS,Karkouti K,Neuman MD,Austin PC,Laupacis A

更新日期：2011-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and costs of a multifaceted flexible educational programme aimed at reducing antibiotic dispensing at the practice level in primary care. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with general practices as the unit of randomisation and analysis. Clinicians and researchers were blinded ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Butler CC,Simpson SA,Dunstan F,Rollnick S,Cohen D,Gillespie D,Evans MR,Alam MF,Bekkers MJ,Evans J,Moore L,Howe R,Hayes J,Hare M,Hood K

更新日期：2012-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate changes in the risk of autism and assess the relation of autism to the mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. DESIGN:Time trend analysis of data from the UK general practice research database (GPRD). SETTING:General practices in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS:Children aged 12 years or younger...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kaye JA,del Mar Melero-Montes M,Jick H

更新日期：2001-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To discover whether the wartime government evacuation of children from London and other population centres to rural districts was associated with any increase in childhood leukaemia. DESIGN:Observational study of mortality from leukaemia among the childhood population of England and Wales in relation to the ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kinlen LJ,John SM

更新日期：1994-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:To study a range of possible risk factors for HIV among injecting drug user patients attending a clinic in London were interviewed from November 1986 to November 1987. Serum samples were tested for viral markers. Of 116 patients, 101 had shared injecting equipment, 75 on the first occasion of injecting and 76 during t...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hart GJ,Sonnex C,Petherick A,Johnson AM,Feinmann C,Adler MW

更新日期：1989-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was conducted (a) to assess the number of patients registered with a south London general practice who over 11 weeks referred themselves to an accident and emergency department, (b) to identify the characteristics of those patients, and (c) to determine their perceptions of the services and resources available...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Singh S

更新日期：1988-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the implications of four widely used cholesterol screening and treatment guidelines by applying them to a population in the United Kingdom. DESIGN:Guidelines were applied to population based data from a cross sectional study of cardiovascular disease and risk factors. SETTING:Newcastle upon Tyne,...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Unwin N,Thomson R,O'Byrne AM,Laker M,Armstrong H

更新日期：1998-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Managed care has entered the lexicon of healthcare reform, but confusion and ignorance surround its meaning and purpose. It seeks to cut the costs of health care while maintaining its quality, but the evidence that it is able to achieve these aims is mixed. As well as raising awareness and understanding of the issues ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Fairfield G,Hunter DJ,Mechanic D,Rosleff F

更新日期：1997-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure thresholds have been defined for the diagnosis of mild hypertension but not for its treatment or for other blood pressure thresholds used in the diagnosis of moderate to severe hypertension. We aimed to derive age and sex related ambulatory blood pressure equivalent...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Head GA,Mihailidou AS,Duggan KA,Beilin LJ,Berry N,Brown MA,Bune AJ,Cowley D,Chalmers JP,Howe PR,Hodgson J,Ludbrook J,Mangoni AA,McGrath BP,Nelson MR,Sharman JE,Stowasser M,Ambulatory Blood Pressure Working Group of the

更新日期：2010-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To measure, in a service setting, the effect of magnetic resonance imaging on diagnosis, diagnostic certainty, and patient management in the neurosciences; to measure the cost per patient scanned; to estimate the marginal cost of imaging and compare this with its diagnostic impact; to measure changes in pati...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Szczepura AK,Fletcher J,Fitz-Patrick JD

更新日期：1991-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective To determine whether educational attainment is a causal risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease.Design Mendelian randomisation study, using genetic data as proxies for education to minimise confounding.Setting The main analysis used genetic data from two large consortia (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D an...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Tillmann T,Vaucher J,Okbay A,Pikhart H,Peasey A,Kubinova R,Pajak A,Tamosiunas A,Malyutina S,Hartwig FP,Fischer K,Veronesi G,Palmer T,Bowden J,Davey Smith G,Bobak M,Holmes MV

更新日期：2017-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In the existing WHO guidelines, complementary feeding at 4-6 months is advocated. However, many nutrition specialists believe that these guidelines lead to complementary foods being offered from the age of 3 months, or even earlier, subsequently suggesting that the WHO should change its recommendations to about 6 mon...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Yamey G

更新日期：2000-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the risk of detention under the Mental Health Act 1983 in a representative group of people with psychotic disorders from different ethnic groups. SETTING:Two defined geographical areas in south London. DESIGN:Annual period prevalent cases of psychosis were identified in 1993 in the study areas fr...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Davies S,Thornicroft G,Leese M,Higgingbotham A,Phelan M

更新日期：1996-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To characterise the percentage of available outcome data being presented in reports of randomised clinical trials with continuous outcome measures, thereby determining the potential for incomplete reporting bias. DESIGN:Descriptive cross sectional study. DATA SOURCES:A random sample of 200 randomised trials...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Schriger DL,Savage DF,Altman DG

更新日期：2012-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the absolute risks or benefits on cancer associated with oral contraception, using incident data. DESIGN:Inception cohort study. SETTING:Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study. PARTICIPANTS:Directly standardised data from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Hannaford PC,Selvaraj S,Elliott AM,Angus V,Iversen L,Lee AJ

更新日期：2007-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in representation of women among first authors of original research published in high impact general medical journals from 1994 to 2014 and investigate differences between journals. DESIGN:Observational study. STUDY SAMPLE:All original research articles published in Annals of Internal Med...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Filardo G,da Graca B,Sass DM,Pollock BD,Smith EB,Martinez MA

更新日期：2016-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether work related stress, measured and defined as job strain, is associated with the overall risk of cancer and the risk of colorectal, lung, breast, or prostate cancers. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of pooled prospective individual participant data from 12 European cohort studies including 116,056...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Heikkilä K,Nyberg ST,Theorell T,Fransson EI,Alfredsson L,Bjorner JB,Bonenfant S,Borritz M,Bouillon K,Burr H,Dragano N,Geuskens GA,Goldberg M,Hamer M,Hooftman WE,Houtman IL,Joensuu M,Knutsson A,Koskenvuo M,Koskinen A

更新日期：2013-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:A doctor who performed an abortion in Poland faces two years in prison and the loss of his medical license for up to 10 years if he is found guilty of violating the new abortion laws introduced in 1993 after a lengthy campaign by the Catholic church and the Christian Democratic Union party. The new laws permit aborti...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Gajewski M

更新日期：1995-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of teaching general practitioners to carry out structured assessments of their long term mentally ill patients. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Sixteen group general practices in South Thames (west) region. SUBJECTS:440 adults disabled by long term mental illness. INTERVEN...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kendrick T,Burns T,Freeling P

更新日期：1995-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect on prevalence of diarrhoea and mortality of household based treatment of drinking water with flocculant-disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite, and standard practices in areas with turbid water source in Africa. DESIGN:Cluster randomised controlled trial over 20 weeks. SETTING:Family compou...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Crump JA,Otieno PO,Slutsker L,Keswick BH,Rosen DH,Hoekstra RM,Vulule JM,Luby SP

更新日期：2005-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the implications of variation in mortality associated with use of weapons in different contexts. DESIGN:Literature review. SETTINGS:Armed conflicts and civilian mass shootings, 1929-96. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Mortality from wounds. RESULTS:During the fighting of war the number of people wounded...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Coupland RM,Meddings DR

更新日期：1999-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. DESIGN:Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. PARTICIPANTS:261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 c...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Holmes MV,Dale CE,Zuccolo L,Silverwood RJ,Guo Y,Ye Z,Prieto-Merino D,Dehghan A,Trompet S,Wong A,Cavadino A,Drogan D,Padmanabhan S,Li S,Yesupriya A,Leusink M,Sundstrom J,Hubacek JA,Pikhart H,Swerdlow DI,Panayiotou

更新日期：2014-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine which treatments for preventing coronary heart disease should be offered to which patients by assessing their incremental cost effectiveness. DESIGN:Modelling study. DATA SOURCES:Cost estimates (for NHS) and estimates of effectiveness obtained for aspirin, antihypertensive drugs, statins and cl...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Marshall T

更新日期：2003-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess whether a raised serum troponin T concentration would be an independent predictor of death in patients with an acute ischaemic stroke. DESIGN:Observational study. SETTING:Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. SUBJECTS:All 181 patients with an acute ischaemic stroke admitted over nine months i...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： James P,Ellis CJ,Whitlock RM,McNeil AR,Henley J,Anderson NE

更新日期：2000-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate explanations for social inequalities in health with respect to health related social mobility and cumulative socioeconomic circumstances over the first three decades of life. DESIGN:Longitudinal follow up. SETTING:Great Britain. SUBJECTS:Data from the 1958 birth cohort study (all children bo...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Power C,Matthews S,Manor O

更新日期：1996-08-24 00:00:00