β-lactam pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill patients and strategies for dose optimization: a structured review.

abstract：:1. Contractions and electrical activity were recorded from isolated segments of longitudinal (L) and circular (C) myometrium from rats on gestation days 16-17 and 21 before and during parturition. 2. The segments were arranged so that the activity of the two layers could be monitored simultaneously and independently. ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Tomiyasu BA,Chen CJ,Marshall JM

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. In the present study we have examined the effects of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibition on bradykinin (BK) depressor responses in pregnancy in both Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2. Ramipril (10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly reduce...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Chu ZM,Beilin LJ

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor diclofenac sodium has been compared with a placebo in the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis in a double-blind crossover trial. Twenty patients were entered: 14 female, six male; age range 6-17 years. The results showed that diclofenac sodium was significantly more effective ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Al-Waili NS

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Mechanisms underlying the generation and propagation of gastrointestinal slow wave depolarizations have long been controversial. The present review aims to collate present knowledge on this subject with specific reference to slow waves in gastric smooth muscle. 2. At present, there is strong agreement that intersti...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： van Helden DF,Laver DR,Holdsworth J,Imtiaz MS

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The reproducibility of blood volume measurements, using [51Cr]-labelled red blood cells (RBC) was tested in three lambs, 79-89 days of age, and the accuracy was tested in eight lambs, 83 +/- 0.4 days of age, in which blood volume was measured simultaneously by [51Cr]-RBC and [125I]-gamma globulin plus haematocrit (...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Moritz KM,Potocnik SJ,Tangalakis K,Wintour EM

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The present study sought to explain the mechanism leading to reduced availability of propranolol when given after a priming dose in the single-pass perfused rat liver. 2. Extracellular sucrose space (as a measure of sinusoidal relaxation) in perfused rat liver before and after propranolol or propranolol and N(G)-ni...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Liu X,Zou Y,Khlentzos AM,Yang Y,Nikolovski J,Weiss M,Roberts MS

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Oxidative stress plays a role in senescence-associated organ deterioration. This is supported by the beneficial effects of anti-oxidants against ageing-related organ damage, although their role in cardiac ageing has not been elucidated. 2. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of cardiac-specific o...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Wu S,Li Q,Du M,Li SY,Ren J

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Hypoxia arises in solid tumour because of inefficient blood supply. While hypoxic cells are resistant to radiotherapy and probably to many chemotherapeutic drugs they can, in principle, be turned to advantage through the development of hypoxia-activated cytotoxic drugs (bioreductive drugs). 2. Three general approac...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Wilson WR,Pruijn FB

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of aerobic physical exercise on membrane function in mild essential hypertension. 2. Hypertensive patients were divided into an exercise group (n = 8) and a non-exercise (control) group (n = 8). Physical exercise within the intensity of the anaerobic thres...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Tsuda K,Yoshikawa A,Kimura K,Nishio I

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The hepatic reticulo-endothelial cell population is generally assumed to increase in size, along with the liver, during ageing in rats. However, this has not been rigorously established. 2. Using electron microscopy and stereological techniques, the present study has shown that the volume densities of hepatocytes a...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Martin G,Sewell RB,Yeomans ND,Smallwood RA

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiogenesis is a process through which new capillaries are formed from pre-existing ones, which contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, such as cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders. The β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) is a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with immunosupp...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Rastegari-Pouyani M,Mostafaie A,Mansouri K,Mortazavi-Jahromi SS,Mohammadi-Motlagh HR,Mirshafiey A

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Combined treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with AT1 receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has been shown to reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) more than monotherapy with either agent. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of chronic dual re...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Duke LM,Paull JR,Widdop RE

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Oxygen (O2) transfer from the blood to tissues is a function of the red blood cell (RBC) O2 saturation (SO2), the plasma O2 content being negligible. Under conditions of increased tissue O2 demand, the SO2 of arterial blood does not change appreciably (97%); however, the SO2 of mixed venous blood, equal to that of ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Buchwald H,O'Dea TJ,Menchaca HJ,Michalek VN,Rohde TD

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Interactions between autacoids may play important roles in the regulation of blood flow in the foetal placenta. In order to investigate this aspect of placental haemodynamics, human normal-term placentae were perfused in vitro and the responses of the foetal vessels to various combinations of vasoactive agents were...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Gude NM,King RG,Brennecke SP

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. To facilitate investigation of diverse rodent behaviours in rodents' home cages, we have developed an integrated modular platform, the SmartCage(™) system (AfaSci, Inc. Burlingame, CA, USA), which enables automated neurobehavioural phenotypic analysis and in vivo drug screening in a relatively higher-throughput and...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Khroyan TV,Zhang J,Yang L,Zou B,Xie J,Pascual C,Malik A,Xie J,Zaveri NT,Vazquez J,Polgar W,Toll L,Fang J,Xie X

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The effect of endothelin-1 on the release of adrenal catecholamines was examined in anaesthetized dogs. 2. Splanchnic nerve stimulation (SNS) at 1 and 3 Hz was applied before and after the intravenous injection of endothelin-1. 3. Endothelin-1 (0.1 and 0.3 micrograms/kg) significantly enhanced the release of adrena...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Takeuchi A,Kimura T,Satoh S

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Despite the array of sophisticated imaging techniques available for biological applications, none of the standard biomedical techniques adequately provides the capability to measure motion and flow. Those techniques currently in use are particularly lacking in spatial and temporal resolution. 2. Herein, we introduc...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Fouras A,Dusting J,Sheridan J,Kawahashi M,Hirahara H,Hourigan K

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Angiotensin (Ang) II plays a major role in vascular remodelling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are involved in the tissue remodelling processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether AngII modulates TIMP-2 expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in vivo....

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Castoldi G,di Gioia CR,Travaglini C,Busca G,Redaelli S,Bombardi C,Stella A

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transthyretin (TTR) is a binding protein for the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4 ), retinol and β-amyloid peptide. TTR aids the transfer of T4 from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but also prevents T4 loss from the blood-CSF barrier. It is, however, unclear whether TTR affects the clearance of β-amyloid from...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Chen R,Chen CP,Preston JE

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. One of the major causes of metabolic syndrome is elevated 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) in the liver and adipose tissue. High 11β-HSD1 expression contributes significantly to the diabetic phenotype in db/db mice. The purpose of the present study was to test the effect of the pharmacological inhibiti...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Dhanesha N,Joharapurkar A,Shah G,Kshirsagar S,Dhote V,Sharma A,Jain M

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The present study examined the effects of an aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus (AFE) on both hepatic fibrosis and regeneration in rats. 2. Fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) for 3 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks. 3. In DMN-treated rats, liver cirrhosis-ass...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Shih CC,Wu YW,Hsieh CC,Lin WC

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Whole-cell patch recordings were made from antidromically identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) of immature rat spinal cord slices. Bath application of nociceptin (0.1-1 micromol/L) suppressed excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) and hyperpolarized a population of SPN; these effects were naloxone ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Brailoiu GC,Lai CC,Chen CT,Hwang LL,Lin HH,Dun NJ

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Ambulatory monitoring provides a unique opportunity for studying the temporal relationships between lifestyle factors and blood pressure (BP). These include physical activity, mental activity, environmental stressors, substances ingested for pleasure such as smoking, alcohol and caffeine, and nutrition. 2. Changes ...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Pickering TG,Schwartz JE,James GD

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The beta-receptor stimulant effects of Sm220Cl, dl-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylpropyl)-2-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine, and (-)-isoprenaline have been compared in isolated atrial (beta1) and tracheal (beta2) preparations from guinea-pigs and cats. 2. The compounds were also tested for their ability t...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Bohmer K,Raper C

更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. To assess the effect of dietary phytosterol on stroke and the lifespan of salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), we investigated the effects of the addition of phytosterol to soybean oil (phytosterol content: 0.3%) on stroke onset, lifespan following onset of stroke and overall lifespan c...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Ogawa H,Yamamoto K,Kamisako T,Meguro T

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural requirements for the inhibition of 6-methyl-hydroxylation of the antitumour agent 5,6-dimethyl-xanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) by acridine analogues and use a CYP1A2 homology model to provide some insight into this interaction. 2. Concentrations causin...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Paxton JW,Kestell P,Chiang D,Zhou S,Lewis DF

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. Pretreatment with intravenous WEB-2086 (0.5 mg/kg; an antagonist of the actions of platelet activating factor; PAF) with or without indomethacin (2 mg/kg) failed to prevent or modify the fall in blood pressure following unclipping of the renal artery of anaesthetized two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. 2. The s...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Smith AJ,Gerkens JF,Dosen P

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are a conserved group of enzymes that catalyse the conversion between cis and trans conformations of proline imidic peptide bonds. These enzymes play critical roles in regulatory mechanisms of cellular function and pathophysiology of disease. There are three different cla...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Rostam MA,Piva TJ,Rezaei HB,Kamato D,Little PJ,Zheng W,Osman N

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urapidil had blocking activity on alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the rat isolated caudal artery (pA2 congruent to 7) and in the anaesthetized rat. Urapidil had no clonidine like agonistic activity on alpha 2-adrenoceptors in preparations of the guinea-pig ileum (prejunctional) or dog saphenous vein (post-junctional). Urapid...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Verberne AJ,Rand MJ

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. It is a central thesis of this review that in clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology the goal of statistical analysis should be to minimize the risk of making any false-positive inferences from the results of an experiment (experimentwise Type I error). 2. It is common in clinical and experimental ph...

journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

authors： Ludbrook J

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00