Lobeline for smoking cessation.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Anterior vaginal repair (anterior colporrhaphy) is an operation traditionally used for moderate or severe stress urinary incontinence in women. About a third of adult women experience urinary incontinence. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of anterior vaginal repair (anterior colporrhaphy) on stress or mi...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Glazener CM,Cooper K

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Surgery is a common treatment modality for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), usually offered to women for whom conservative treatments have failed. Midurethral tapes have superseded colposuspension because cure rates are comparable and recovery time is reduced. However, some women will not be cured after mi...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Bakali E,Johnson E,Buckley BS,Hilton P,Walker B,Tincello DG

更新日期：2019-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Periurethral or transurethral injection of bulking agents is a surgical procedure most often used for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence a common, troublesome symptom amongst adult women. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of periurethral/transurethral injection therapy in the treatment of urinary i...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Keegan PE,Atiemo K,Cody J,McClinton S,Pickard R

更新日期：2007-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Medications used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significantly improved patient outcomes and delayed time to surgery. However, some of these therapies are recognized to increase the general risk of infection and have an unclear impact on postoperative infection risk. OBJECTIVES:To assess the ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Law CC,Bell C,Koh D,Bao Y,Jairath V,Narula N

更新日期：2020-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A variety of body positions other than the standard supine position have been used in patients undergoing intensive care with hopes of reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers of the skin, contractures or ankylosis and improving the patients' well being. In patients from different age groups undergoing mech...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Balaguer A,Escribano J,Roqué i Figuls M,Rivas-Fernandez M

更新日期：2013-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reminiscence Therapy (RT) has been defined as vocal or silent recall of events in a person's life, either alone, or with another person or group of people. It typically involves group meetings, at least once a week, in which participants are encouraged to talk about past events, often assisted by aids such a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Spector A,Orrell M,Davies S,Woods RT

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lung disease in preterm infants is often complicated with lung edema. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this review was to assess the risks and benefits of administration of a diuretic acting on the loop of Henle (loop diuretic) in preterm infants with or developing chronic lung disease (CLD). Primary objectives were t...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Brion LP,Primhak RA

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The perianal abscess is a common surgical problem. A third of perianal abscesses may manifest a fistula-in-ano which increases the risk of abscess recurrence requiring repeat surgical drainage. Treating the fistula at the same time as incision and drainage of the abscess may reduce the likelihood of recurren...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Malik AI,Nelson RL,Tou S

更新日期：2010-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Thoracic trauma (TT) is common among people with multiple traumatic injuries. One of the injuries caused by TT is the loss of thoracic stability resulting from multiple fractures of the rib cage, otherwise known as flail chest (FC). A person with FC can be treated conservatively with orotracheal intubation a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Cataneo AJ,Cataneo DC,de Oliveira FH,Arruda KA,El Dib R,de Oliveira Carvalho PE

更新日期：2015-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute graft-versus host disease (aGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) occurring in 8% to 59% of the recipients. Currently, the therapeutic mainstay for aGvHD is corticosteroids. However, there is no established standard treatment for steroid...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Weitz M,Strahm B,Meerpohl JJ,Bassler D

更新日期：2014-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Given the substantial period of time adults spend in their workplaces each day, these provide an opportune setting for interventions addressing modifiable behavioural risk factors for chronic disease. Previous reviews of trials of workplace-based interventions suggest they can be effective in modifying a ran...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Wolfenden L,Goldman S,Stacey FG,Grady A,Kingsland M,Williams CM,Wiggers J,Milat A,Rissel C,Bauman A,Farrell MM,Légaré F,Ben Charif A,Zomahoun HTV,Hodder RK,Jones J,Booth D,Parmenter B,Regan T,Yoong SL

更新日期：2018-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Laetrile is an unconventional therapy which has been used illegally for decades by cancer patients who together with some alternative therapists claim its effectiveness as an anti-cancer treatment. It has been often referred to as amygdalin, although the two are not the same. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this revi...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Milazzo S,Ernst E,Lejeune S,Schmidt K

更新日期：2006-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Nasal pharyngolaryngoscopy (NPL) is performed as an outpatient and inpatient procedure on a daily basis, for a variety of indications. It frequently causes some degree of discomfort to the patient. Various different topical agents, which are intended to reduce this discomfort, are in common use. This review ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Sunkaraneni VS,Jones SE

更新日期：2011-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preop...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hadiati DR,Hakimi M,Nurdiati DS,da Silva Lopes K,Ota E

更新日期：2018-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In the previous version of this review, the effectiveness of interventions tailored to barriers to change was found to be uncertain. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of interventions tailored to address identified barriers to change on professional practice or patient outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY:For th...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Baker R,Camosso-Stefinovic J,Gillies C,Shaw EJ,Cheater F,Flottorp S,Robertson N

更新日期：2010-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Traumatic experiences evoke emotions such as fear, anxiety and distress and may encourage avoidance of similar situations in the future. For a proportion of those exposed to a traumatic event, this emotional reaction becomes uncontrollable and can develop into Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Breslau 2...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lawrence S,De Silva M,Henley R

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Clozapine is widely used for people with schizophrenia. Although agranulocytosis, weight gain, and cardiac problems are serious problems associated with its use, hypersalivation, sometimes of a gross and socially unacceptable quantity, is also common (30-80%). OBJECTIVES:To determine the clinical effects of...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Syed R,Au K,Cahill C,Duggan L,He Y,Udu V,Xia J

更新日期：2008-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by degeneration of anterior horn cells, which leads to progressive muscle weakness. Children with SMA type II do not develop the ability to walk without support and have a shortened life expectancy, whereas children with SMA type III develop the ability to walk and hav...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Wadman RI,Bosboom WM,van den Berg LH,Wokke JH,Iannaccone ST,Vrancken AF

更新日期：2011-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a treatment that contains fibrin and high concentrations of growth factors with the potential to improve the healing of chronic wounds. This is the first update of a review first published in 2012. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether autologous PRP promotes the healing o...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Martinez-Zapata MJ,Martí-Carvajal AJ,Solà I,Expósito JA,Bolíbar I,Rodríguez L,Garcia J,Zaror C

更新日期：2016-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Esophageal carcinoma can be managed primarily with either a surgical or non-surgical radiotherapeutic approach. Combination chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) has been incorporated into clinical practice and applied increasingly, especially in North America. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate combined CT and RT (C...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Wong RK,Malthaner R

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reducing the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global priority. Contact tracing identifies people who were recently in contact with an infected individual, in order to isolate them and reduce further transmission. Digital technology could be implemented to augm...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Anglemyer A,Moore TH,Parker L,Chambers T,Grady A,Chiu K,Parry M,Wilczynska M,Flemyng E,Bero L

更新日期：2020-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterised by pulmonary vascular changes, leads to elevated pulmonary artery pressures, dyspnoea, a reduction in exercise tolerance, right heart failure, and ultimately death.Prostacyclin analogue drugs mimic endogenous prostacyclin which leads to vasodilation, inh...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Barnes H,Yeoh HL,Fothergill T,Burns A,Humbert M,Williams T

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pressure ventilation. Two forms of methylxanthine (caffe...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Steer PA,Henderson-Smart DJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the pathological enlargement of the aorta and can develop in both men and women. Progressive aneurysm enlargement can lead to rupture. The rupture of an AAA is frequently fatal and accounts for the death from haemorrhagic shock of at least 45 people per 100,000 populatio...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Moreno DH,Cacione DG,Baptista-Silva JC

更新日期：2018-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Many people with atopic eczema are reluctant to use the most commonly recommended treatments because they fear the long-term health effects. As a result, many turn to dietary supplements as a possible treatment approach, often with the belief that some essential ingredient is 'missing' in their diet. Various...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Bath-Hextall FJ,Jenkinson C,Humphreys R,Williams HC

更新日期：2012-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in Issue 3, 2015.The incidence of seizures following supratentorial craniotomy for non-traumatic pathology has been estimated to be between 15% to 20%; however, the risk of experiencing a seizure appears to vary from 3% to 92% over a five...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Greenhalgh J,Weston J,Dundar Y,Nevitt SJ,Marson AG

更新日期：2018-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Advances in cell culture media have led to a shift in in vitro fertilization (IVF) practice from early cleavage embryo transfer to blastocyst stage transfer. The rationale for blastocyst culture is to improve both uterine and embryonic synchronicity and enable self selection of viable embryos thus resulting ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Glujovsky D,Blake D,Farquhar C,Bardach A

更新日期：2012-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Umbilical cord infection caused many neonatal deaths before aseptic techniques were used. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of topical cord care in preventing cord infection, illness and death. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials re...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Zupan J,Garner P

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:As part of liver transplantation, immunosuppression (suppressing the host immunity) is given to prevent graft rejections resulting from the immune response of the body against transplanted organ or tissues from a different person whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. The optim...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Rodríguez-Perálvarez M,Guerrero-Misas M,Thorburn D,Davidson BR,Tsochatzis E,Gurusamy KS

更新日期：2017-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Typical antipsychotic drugs are widely used as the first line treatment for people with schizophrenia. However, the atypical class of antipsychotic drugs are making important inroads into this approach. Atypical is a widely used term used to describe some antipsychotics which have a low propensity to produce...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Bagnall A,Lewis RA,Leitner ML,Kleijnen J

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00