Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Necrotizing enterocolitis continues to be a problem, particularly in preterm neonates. There have been reports published suggesting that the use of enteral antibiotics may be effective as prophylaxis. This systematic review was undertaken to clarify the issue. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the benefits and harms of enteral antibiotic prophylaxis for necrotizing enterocolitis in low birth weight and preterm infants. SEARCH STRATEGY:Searches were made of the Oxford Database of Perinatal trials, MEDLINE (1966 - June 2000; search terms: necrotizing enterocolitis, antibiotics; limits: newborn infant), previous reviews with cross references, abstracts, conference and symposia proceedings, expert informants and journal hand searching in the fields of neonatal pediatrics and microbiology. SELECTION CRITERIA:All randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials where enteral antibiotics were used as prophylaxis against NEC in LBW (<2500g) and/or preterm (<37 weeks gestation) infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:The standard method of the Cochrane Collaboration and its Neonatal Review Group was used. The methodological quality of each trial was reviewed by the second author who was blinded to the trial authors and institutions. Each author extracted data separately before comparison and resolution of differences. Relative risk (RR), risk difference (RD), and number needed to treat were used in the analysis. MAIN RESULTS:Five eligible trials involving 456 infants were included. The administration of prophylactic enteral antibiotics resulted in a statistically significant reduction in NEC [RR 0.47 (0.28, 0.78); RD -0.10 (-0.16, -0.04); NNT 10 (6, 25)]. There was a statistically significant reduction in NEC-related deaths [RR 0.32 (0.10, 0.96); RD -0.07 (-0.13, 0.01); NNT 14 (8, 100)]. There was a trend towards a reduction in all deaths which was not significant [RR 0.67(0.34, 1.32)]. There were no significant differences in NEC-like enteropathies (one trial only). One study found a statistically significant increase in the incidence of colonization with resistant bacteria and the summary analysis of three trials gave an increase which was just significant [RR 1.73 (1.00, 2.97); RD 0.07 (0.00, 0.13)]. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS:Evidence suggests that oral antibiotics reduce the incidence of NEC in low birth weight infants. However concerns about adverse outcomes persist, particularly related to the development of resistant bacteria. To address this question further, a large trial would be required with a sample size sufficient to examine all the important benefits and harms. Adverse outcomes associated with infection should be evaluated, and microbiological studies looking for the development of resistant bacteria should be undertaken
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Bury RG,Tudehope Ddoi
10.1002/14651858.CD000405keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
CD000405issue
1issn
1469-493Xpii
CD000405pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgical site infections (SSIs) are wound infections that occur after invasive (surgical) procedures. Preoperative bathing or showering with an antiseptic skin wash product is a well-accepted procedure for reducing skin bacteria (microflora). It is less clear whether reducing skin microflora leads to a lower...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004985.pub4
更新日期:2012-09-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Family centred care is an important part of neonatal intensive care. Ensuring effective communication in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a challenge but is crucial to the implementation of family centred care. Providing parents in NICU with audiotape recordings of their conversations with neonatol...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004502.pub2
更新日期:2005-01-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Decision aids are interventions designed to help people make specific and deliberative choices among options (including status quo) by providing (at a minimum) information on the options and outcomes relevant to a person's health status. A systematic review is needed to summarize what is known about their ef...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001431
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) comprises a diverse group of haematopoietic stem cell disorders. Due to symptomatic anaemia, most people with MDS require supportive therapy including repeated red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. In combination with increased iron absorption, this contributes to the accumula...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007461.pub3
更新日期:2014-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a peripheral nerve block which anaesthetises the abdominal wall. The increasing use of TAP block, as a form of pain relief after abdominal surgery warrants evaluation of its effectiveness as an adjunctive technique to routine care and, when compared with other a...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007705.pub2
更新日期:2010-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exogenous melatonin helps in regulating the circadian rhythm and is widely used for the management of sleep disorders in visually impaired children. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the review was to assess melatonin therapy for treatment of non-respiratory sleep disorders in visually impaired children, with regard to...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008473.pub2
更新日期:2011-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple analgesic strategies for pain relief during labour are available. Recently remifentanil, a short-acting opioid, has recently been used as an alternative analgesic due to its unique pharmacological properties. OBJECTIVES:To systematically assess the effectiveness of remifentanil intravenous patient-...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011989.pub2
更新日期:2017-04-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fluphenazine is one of the first drugs to be classed as an 'antipsychotic' and has been widely available for five decades. OBJECTIVES:To compare the effects of oral fluphenazine with placebo for the treatment of schizophrenia. To evaluate any available economic studies and value outcome data. SEARCH METHOD...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006352.pub3
更新日期:2018-06-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) is a widely used fertility treatment for couples with unexplained subfertility. Although IUI is less invasive and less expensive thAppendixan in vitro fertilisation (IVF), the safety of IUI in combination with ovarian hyperstimulation (OH) is debated. The main concern about I...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001838.pub5
更新日期:2016-02-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis is complicated. There are studies suggesting that bezafibrate, alone or in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), is effective in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis, but no systematic review has summarised the evidence yet. OBJECTIVES:To assess the benef...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009145.pub2
更新日期:2012-01-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are very effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however there is a lack of head-to-head comparison studies. OBJECTIVES:To compare the efficacy and safety of abatacept, adalimumab, anakinra, etanercept, infliximab, and rituximab in patien...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007848.pub2
更新日期:2009-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute sinusitis is a common reason for primary care visits. It causes significant symptoms and often results in time off work and school. OBJECTIVES:We examined whether intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are effective in relieving symptoms of acute sinusitis. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Central...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005149.pub3
更新日期:2009-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with stable angina not controlled by monotherapy with nitrates, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers are often treated with combinations of these drugs. There may be adverse effects from, or contraindications to, the use of combinations. In low risk groups, medical treatment appears to be as g...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003614.pub2
更新日期:2005-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:On the American continent, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (CL and MCL) are diseases associated with infection by several species of Leishmania parasites. Pentavalent antimonials remain the first-choice treatment. There are alternative interventions, but reviewing their effectiveness and safety is ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004834.pub3
更新日期:2020-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::BackgroundPubic or perineal shaving is a procedure performed before birth in order to lessen the risk of infection if there is a spontaneous perinealtear or if an episiotomy is performed.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of routine perineal shaving before birth onmaternal and neonatal outcomes, according to the best ava...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001236.pub2
更新日期:2014-11-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute splenic sequestration crises are a complication of sickle cell disease, with high mortality rates and frequent recurrence in survivors of first attacks. Splenectomy and blood transfusion, with their consequences, are the mainstay of long-term management used in different parts of the world. This is a 2...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003425.pub3
更新日期:2015-09-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The most common type of functional bladder outlet obstruction in patients with neurogenic bladder is detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD). The lack of co-ordination between the bladder and the external urethral sphincter muscle (EUS) in DSD can result in poor bladder emptying and high bladder pressures, whic...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004927.pub4
更新日期:2014-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and is a primary degenerative disease of the brain of unknown cause. Onset is usually late in life with increasing impairment of memory, developing gradually into a global impairment of cognition, orientation, linguistic ability and judgement. The clin...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001190
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Migraine is a common, disabling condition and a burden for the individual, health services and society. Many sufferers do not seek professional help, relying instead on over-the-counter analgesics. Co-therapy with an antiemetic should help to reduce symptoms commonly associated with migraine headaches. OBJE...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008039.pub2
更新日期:2010-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic wounds are common and present a health problem with significant effect on quality of life. Various pathologies may cause tissue breakdown, including poor blood supply resulting in inadequate oxygenation of the wound bed. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been suggested to improve oxygen supply to ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004123.pub4
更新日期:2015-06-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) through a central venous catheter (CVC) are exposed to several risks, being a catheter-related infection (CRI) and a CVC lumen thrombosis among the most serious. Standard of care regarding CVCs includes their sealing with heparin lock solutions to prevent catheter lumen...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010597.pub2
更新日期:2018-04-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A giant retinal tear (GRT) is a full-thickness neurosensory retinal break extending for 90° or more in the presence of a posterior vitreous detachment. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pars plana vitrectomy combined with scleral buckle versus pars plana vitrectomy alone for eyes with g...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012646.pub2
更新日期:2019-12-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to opiate withdrawal may result in disruption of the mother-infant relationship, sleep-wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties, weight loss and seizures. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness and safety of using an opiate compared to a sedative or non-pharmacological...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002059.pub3
更新日期:2010-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Telemedicine is the use of electronic communications technology to provide care for patients when distance separates the practitioner and the patient. As the parents and families of infants admitted to the NICU require major support from health professionals in terms of information and time, telemedicine has...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006818.pub2
更新日期:2012-06-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylxanthine derivatives are vasodilators. They also inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 synthesis, decrease the release of free radicals and may be neuroprotective. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effect of intravenous or oral methylxanthines (pentoxifylline, propent...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000162
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Effective oral hygiene is a crucial factor in maintaining good oral health, which is associated with overall health and health-related quality of life. Dental floss has been used for many years in conjunction with toothbrushing for removing dental plaque in between teeth, however, interdental brushes have be...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009857.pub3
更新日期:2019-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgical wound infections may be caused by the transfer of bacteria from the hands of surgical teams to patients during operations. Surgical scrubbing prior to surgery reduces the number of bacteria on the skin, but wearing rings and nail polish on the fingers may reduce the efficacy of scrubbing, as bacteri...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003325.pub2
更新日期:2012-05-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endometriosis is known to have an impact on fertility and it is common for women affected by endometriosis to require fertility treatments, including in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), to improve the chance of pregnancy. It has been postulated that long-term gonadotrophi...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013240.pub2
更新日期:2019-11-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cholera is an acute watery diarrhoea caused by infection with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which if severe can cause rapid dehydration and death. Effective management requires early diagnosis and rehydration using oral rehydration salts or intravenous fluids. In this review, we evaluate the additional bene...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008625.pub2
更新日期:2014-06-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in older people. One of the aims of therapy is to inhibit the breakdown of a chemical neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, by blocking the relevant enzyme. This can be done by a group of chemicals known as cholinesterase inhibitors. However, some (like tac...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001190
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00