Abstract:
:Bone is a remarkable living tissue that provides a framework for animal body support and motion. However, under excessive loads and deformations, bone is prone is to damage through fracture. Furthermore, once the bone is weakened by osteoporosis, bone fracture can occur even after only minimal trauma. Various techniques have been developed to treat bone fractures. Successful treatment outcomes depend on a fundamental understanding of the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the fracture site. Various cell types (e.g. mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts) within the fracture site tightly control the healing process by responding to the chemical and mechanical microenvironment. However, these mechanochemical regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood at the system level owing to the large range of variables, such as age, sex and disease-associated material properties of the tissue. Computational modelling can play an important role in unravelling this complexity by combining mechanochemical interactions, revealing the dominant controlling processes and optimizing system behaviour, thereby enabling the development and evaluation of treatment strategies for individual patients.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Zhang L,Richardson M,Mendis Pdoi
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05652.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-08-01 00:00:00pages
706-10issue
8eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The effect of indomethacin suppositories on both acute urinary colic and urinary calculus, resistant or refractory to conventional therapy with analgesics and spasmolytics was investigated. Fifty-five patients with acute urinary colic refractory to treatment with repeated injections of antispasmodics and analgesics ha...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00337.x
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Synthetic human endothelin was injected intravenously over the range 1.5-50 micrograms to examine its cardiovascular actions in conscious sheep. 2. Mean arterial pressure increased by 9-21 mmHg within 30-120 s over the range 5-50 micrograms endothelin. The increase in blood pressure was associated with increased ca...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01549.x
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to study the effects of thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs and iodide on the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3), the liver was obtained from normal, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats treated with T4 or T3 . T4 was incubated with liver homogenates and generated T3 was measured. 1. The ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1981.tb00154.x
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacological cardiac organ protection during cardiopulmonary bypass presents an opportunity for improvement. A number of different strategies have been established to minimize ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage to the heart. Among these, cardioplegia with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution and hypothermia...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12485
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The present study compared the binding and functional characteristics of tachykinin NK2 receptors in human detrusor muscle with those in human colon circular muscle. 2. In radioligand binding studies, similar KD values were observed for tachykinin NK2 receptor radioligands [125I]-neurokinin (NK) A, [125I]-[Lys5,Tyr...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03887.x
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a key inducer of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential protective effect of l-arginine (Arg; nitric oxide precursor) and aminoguanidine (inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) agai...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12287
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Mast cells cultured from human peripheral blood have been used as a cell model for functional studies of human mast cells, particularly human lung mast cells. However, the beta-adrenoceptor subtype expressed by these cultured cells has not been identified. The aim of the present study was to characterize pharmacolo...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04435.x
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Prenatal dexamethasone leads to low birth weight and compromises organogenesis, but its effects on nephrogenesis in male and female rats have not yet been investigated extensively. Reduced renal mass may be responsible for hypertension and renal haemodynamic and morphological adjustments to maintain the glomerular ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03787.x
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemotherapy resistance is a major contributor to poor treatment responses and tumour relapse, the development of which has been strongly linked to the action of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Mounting evidence suggests that CSCs are reliant on low oxygen conditions and hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIF1α and HIF2α)...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12693
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Hypoxia arises in solid tumour because of inefficient blood supply. While hypoxic cells are resistant to radiotherapy and probably to many chemotherapeutic drugs they can, in principle, be turned to advantage through the development of hypoxia-activated cytotoxic drugs (bioreductive drugs). 2. Three general approac...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb01956.x
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effect of enalapril on handling of an Na load and on body Na during 96 h of zero Na intake was measured in hypertensive rats (GH and SHR) and their normotensive controls (N and WKY) by a whole body counting method. 2. Enalapril treatment led to a greater fall in body Na in the first 24 h after the Na load (as e...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00475.x
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In rat isolated tail arteries and atria in which transmitter stores are labelled with (3H)-noradrenaline, isoprenaline in low concentrations facilitates the stimulation-induced efflux of tritium. 2. This effect is dependent on the frequency and duration of electrical stimulation, being observed only at low frequenc...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00114.x
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of L-thyroxine on serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity using a sheep model was examined. Following two weeks of L-thyroxine treatment, the activity of serum angiotensin converting enzyme was increased from 6.92 U/ml to 8.65 U/ml (s.e.m. = 0.40, n = 13, P less than 0.01). Discontinuation of L-thyroxi...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00945.x
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Four, six and eight hours after gavage of rats with alpha-mercapto-beta-(2-furan)acrylic acid (MFA) (25 mg/kg) serum zinc concentration was increased ten-fold over control levels and a mean molar ratio of 1 albumin:0-4 zinc:0-8 MFA was found for seventeen sera. 2. At pH 7-5 a maximum of 1 mole of MFA could be bound...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1977.tb02374.x
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Endogenous polyamines play a key role in mediating cellular growth and differentiation. Hypertension is associated with structural modifications of the circulatory system, a process that may be facilitated by polyamines. In this study, we examined whether there are elevated polyamine concentrations in the cardiovas...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02750.x
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Quantitative autoradiography and homogenate radioligand binding of [125I]-Bolton Hunter substance P ([125I]-BHSP) were used to compare brain NK1 receptors in young (2 months) and aged (18-20 months) rats. 2. The autoradiographic distribution and density of [125I]-BHSP binding sites was similar in all cortical regio...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03781.x
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lamotrigine (LTG) is one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs. Confusion still exists in the literature as to the relative influence of age, body weight, and concomitant drug therapy on LTG pharmacokinetics. So, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of patient-related factors and comedication...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12584
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), present in capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons, induces gastric mucus secretion and mucosal cytoprotection. 2. We studied the possible cross-talk between PAR2 and vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1). The VR1 antagonist capsazepine partially inhibited the PAR2-mediated increase in gastri...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03641.x
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The present study was carried out to determine whether rilmenidine, a recently introduced antihypertensive agent which acts on alpha 2-adrenoceptors, has partial agonist activity on prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig atria. 2. Isolated preparations of guinea-pig atria were incubated with [3H]-noradre...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1988.tb01016.x
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Obstruction of the upper airway could be an initiating factor in the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Responses to upper airway obstruction include augmentation of respiratory efforts, active dilation of the upper airway and electrocortical arousal. Vulnerable individuals may fail to mount these responses effec...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02063.x
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In the [(13)C]-octanoic acid breath test, the time versus pulmonary [(13)CO(2)] excretion rate curve is analysed using mathematical curve-fitting techniques to calculate gastric emptying parameters. Thus, the goodness-of-fit highly influences the accuracy of the breath test. However, a double-peaked [(13)CO(2)] exc...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04235.x
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Ionic channels appear to play an important role in contractile responses of the cerebral arteries and, thereby, contribute to the regulation of cerebral circulation. In the present study, we investigated the role of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ (BK(Ca)) channels in the regulation of cerebral arterial tone ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03688.x
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vancomycin is an antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In the last decades, vancomycin has been widely used in hospital environments due to the increasing incidence of sepsis and septic shock. Sepsis ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13066
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. It has been proposed that hypertension alters the respiratory and cardiovascular responses to chemoreceptor stimulation. However, in studies of human hypertension or in genetic animal models of hypertension it has been difficult to unequivocally attribute the changes to hypertension per se, rather than to a genetic...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01812.x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 5% of hospitalized patients and in 50% of sepsis patients with acute renal dysfunction. However, there have been no safe and effective therapeutic strategies. The hypoxia condition is closely related to renal injury and function under AKI. As hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is ...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12947
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on 28 reported patients, constant features of the syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalaemia are hyperkalaemia, hyperchloraemia, normal renal glomerular function and, in all adult patients, hypertension. Inconstant features include short stature, intellectual impairment and muscle weakness. Levels of renin and a...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00358.x
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Sodium (Na) depletion, due to uncompensated loss of parotid saliva, reduces the pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (AII) in intact conscious sheep. 2. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin restored AII pressor responsiveness in Na-deplete sheep. 3. Indomethacin infusion also increased the pres...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1981.tb00131.x
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of increased cAMP levels in response to pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 27 (PACAP27) on atrial atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion in rabbit atria. A perfused beating atrial model was used in the present study and cAMP efflux and ANP l...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04996.x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Oxidative stress is believed to be an important mediator of neuronal cell death but the precise mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. 2. We have developed an in vitro model of neuronal oxidative stress to study the pathways by which free radicals kill neurones. 3. We have shown that oxidative stress, cystine d...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02006.x
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperhomocysteine has become a critical risk for atherosclerosis and can stimulate proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a receptor of homocysteine and mediates the effects of homocysteine on VSMCs. Bioinformatics analysis has shown NMDAR is a...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12611
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00