Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Vitamin A deficiency is a significant public health problem in low and middle income countries. Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) provided to lactating postpartum mothers or to infants less than six months of age are two possible strategies to improve the nutrition of infants at high risk of vitamin A deficiency and thus potentially reduce their mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of:1. VAS in postpartum breast feeding mothers in low and middle income countries, irrespective of antenatal VAS status, on mortality, morbidity and adverse effects in their infants up until the age of one year.2. VAS initiated in the first half of infancy (< 6 months of age) in low and middle income countries, irrespective of maternal antenatal or postnatal VAS status, on mortality, morbidity and adverse effects up until the age of one year. SEARCH STRATEGY:The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), EMBASE, MEDLINE, clinical trials websites, conference proceedings, donor agencies, 'experts' and researchers (up to October 15, 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA:Randomized or quasi-randomised, individually or cluster randomised, placebo controlled trials involving synthetic VAS provided to the postpartum mothers or their infants up to the age of six months were eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Two review authors assessed the studies for their risk of bias and collected data on outcomes. MAIN RESULTS:Of the 18 included studies, eight provided information on maternal VAS and 15 on infant VAS.For maternal VAS, there was no evidence of a reduced risk of mortality of their babies during infancy (96,203 participants, seven studies, high quality evidence; random-effects model RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.06, P = 0.9; test of heterogeneity I(2) = 0%, P = 0.9) or in the neonatal period (moderate quality evidence); nor of morbidities (very low quality evidence). For infant VAS, there was no evidence of a reduced risk of mortality during infancy (59,402 participants, nine studies, moderate quality evidence; random-effects model RR 0.97, 0.83 to 1.12, P = 0.65; test of heterogeneity I(2) = 49%, P = 0.05) or in the neonatal period, nor morbidities (low quality evidence), but an increased risk of bulging fontanelle (32,978 participants, 10 studies, low quality evidence; random-effects model RR 1.55, 1.05 to 2.28, P = 0.03; test of heterogeneity I(2) = 68%, P = 0.0009). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:There is no convincing evidence that either maternal postpartum or infant vitamin A supplementation results in a reduction in infant mortality or morbidity in low and middle income countries.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Gogia S,Sachdev HSdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD007480.pub2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-05 00:00:00pages
CD007480issue
10issn
1469-493Xpub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Blood loss during liver resection is considered one of the most important factors affecting the peri-operative outcomes of patients undergoing liver resection. OBJECTIVES:To determine the benefits and harms of cardiopulmonary interventions to decrease blood loss and to decrease allogeneic blood transfusion ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007338.pub3
更新日期:2012-05-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many people have asthma, and for some their symptoms may be triggered by psychological factors. In addition compliance with medical therapy may have a psychological dimension. Therefore, psychological interventions aim to reduce the burden of symptoms and improve management of the disease. OBJECTIVES:To ass...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002982.pub2
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (commonly referred to as chronic bronchitis and emphysema) is a chronic lung condition characterised by the inflammation of airways and irreversible destruction of pulmonary tissue leading to progressively worsening dyspnoea. It is a leading international cause of...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010673.pub2
更新日期:2017-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This review is an update of a review published in 2011, itself a major update of previous reviews published in 2005 and 2000, investigating the effects of gabapentin in chronic neuropathic pain (pain due to nerve damage). Antiepileptic drugs are used to manage chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. OBJE...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007938.pub3
更新日期:2014-04-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pre-eclampsia is a relatively common complication of pregnancy. Anticonvulsants are used in the belief they help prevent eclamptic fits and subsequent poor outcomes for mother and infant. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia on the...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000025
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are used to manage hypertension which is highly prevalent among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The treatment for hypertension is particularly challenging in people undergoing dialysis. OBJECTIVES:To assess the benefits and harms of calcium channel blockers in patie...
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doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011064.pub2
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the years after the discovery of oral antipsychotic medications, it became clear that there was a link between stopping medication and relapse of psychotic symptoms. A series of long-acting preparations was developed. These depot preparations, are frequently used for those who find taking oral medication ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000307
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Telemedicine is the use of electronic communications technology to provide care for patients when distance separates the practitioner and the patient. As the parents and families of infants admitted to the NICU require major support from health professionals in terms of information and time, telemedicine has...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006818.pub2
更新日期:2012-06-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Long-acting inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonists are recommended as 'add-on' medication to inhaled corticosteroids in the maintenance therapy of asthmatic adults and children aged two years and above. OBJECTIVES:To quantify in asthmatic patients the safety and efficacy of the addition of long-acting beta2-agon...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005535
更新日期:2005-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Limited evidence supports a hypothesis suggesting that schizophrenic symptoms may be the result of altered neuronal membrane structure and metabolism. This structure and metabolism is dependent on blood plasma levels of certain essential fatty acids and their metabolites. OBJECTIVES:To review the effects po...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001257
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor which blocks cytokine signaling involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including ulcerative colitis (UC). The etiology of UC is poorly understood, however research suggests the development and progression of the disease is due to a dysregulated...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012381.pub2
更新日期:2020-01-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Prognosis for ICH patients is poor. Edaravone may be safe and effective in reducing the risk of early death and improving long-term functional outcomes in survivors. OBJECTIVES:To assess the safety and efficacy of edaravone for acut...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007755.pub2
更新日期:2011-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of prophylactic administration of synthetic surfactant in preterm newborns at risk for developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). SEARCH STRATEGY:Searches were made of the Oxford Database of Perin...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001079
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Circuit class therapy (CCT) offers a supervised group forum for people after stroke to practise tasks, enabling increased practise time without increasing staffing. OBJECTIVES:To examine the effectiveness and safety of CCT on mobility in adults with stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Stroke G...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007513.pub2
更新日期:2010-07-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute splenic sequestration crises are a complication of sickle cell disease, with high mortality rates and frequent recurrence in survivors of first attacks. Splenectomy and blood transfusion, with their consequences, are the mainstay of long-term management used in different parts of the world. This is a 2...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003425.pub4
更新日期:2017-11-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neutropenia is a potentially serious side effect of chemotherapy and a major risk factor for infection, which can be life-threatening. It has been hypothesised that a low bacterial diet (LBD) can prevent infection and (infection-related) mortality in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy that causes episode...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006247.pub3
更新日期:2016-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic wounds are common and present a health problem with significant effect on quality of life. Various pathologies may cause tissue breakdown, including poor blood supply resulting in inadequate oxygenation of the wound bed. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been suggested to improve oxygen supply to ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004123.pub3
更新日期:2012-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The method of delivering a diagnosis of breast cancer to women has the potential to impact on their level of interpretation, patient recall and satisfaction. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of different methods when used to communicate a primary diagnosis of breast cancer to women. SEARCH STRATEGY:W...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006011.pub2
更新日期:2007-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Uncontrolled bleeding is an important cause of death in trauma victims. Antifibrinolytic treatment has been shown to reduce blood loss following surgery and may also be effective in reducing blood loss following trauma. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of antifibrinolytic drugs in patients with acute traumat...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004896.pub4
更新日期:2015-05-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer among women and the leading cause of death in women with gynaecological malignancies. Opinions differ regarding the role of ultra-radical (extensive) cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness and morbidity asso...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007697.pub2
更新日期:2011-04-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Telephone services can provide information and support for smokers. Counselling may be provided proactively or offered reactively to callers to smoking cessation helplines. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of proactive and reactive telephone support to help smokers quit. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Co...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002850
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preterm infants are born with low glycogen stores and require higher glucose intake to match fetal accretion rates. In spite of the myriad benefits of breast milk for preterm infants, it may not adequately meet the needs of these rapidly growing infants. Supplementing human milk with carbohydrates may help. ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000280.pub3
更新日期:2020-09-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Under-reporting of occupational diseases is an important issue worldwide. The collection of reliable data is essential for public health officials to plan intervention programmes to prevent occupational diseases. Little is known about the effects of interventions for increasing the reporting of occupational ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010305.pub2
更新日期:2015-03-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004863.pub6
更新日期:2020-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The perianal abscess is a common surgical problem. A third of perianal abscesses may manifest a fistula-in-ano which increases the risk of abscess recurrence requiring repeat surgical drainage. Treating the fistula at the same time as incision and drainage of the abscess may reduce the likelihood of recurren...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006827.pub2
更新日期:2010-07-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is hypersensitivity to the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus that complicates patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. The mainstay of treatment for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis remains oral corticosteroids, though this does not completely prevent exacerbations ...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001108.pub2
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Peripheral arterial disease is a major health problem, and in about 1% to 2% of patients the disease progresses to critical limb ischaemia (CLI). In a substantial number of patients with CLI, no effective treatment option other than amputation is available and around a quarter of these patients will require ...
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Combination injectable contraceptives (CICs) provide a highly effective, reversible method of preventing pregnancy, and they do not require daily administration or use at the time of coitus. Although they are used in many countries, their acceptability could be limited by method characteristics, such as the ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), which is also known as clubfoot, is a common congenital orthopaedic condition. It is characterised by an excessively turned in foot (equinovarus) and high medial longitudinal arch (cavus). If left untreated it can result in long-term disability, deformity and pain. Inte...
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更新日期:2012-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) is defined as three episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the previous 12 months or two episodes in the last six months. The main factors associated with RUTI in postmenopausal women are vesical prolapse, cystocoele, post-voidal residue and urinary incontinence...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005131.pub2
更新日期:2008-04-16 00:00:00