Abstract：
:Small fibres constitute 70-90% of peripheral nerve fibres and regulate several key functions such as tissue blood flow, temperature and pain perception as well as sweating, all of which are highly relevant to the clinical presentation and adverse outcomes associated with foot ulcerations in patients with diabetes. Recent studies demonstrated significant abnormalities in the small fibres in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, despite normal electrophysiology, suggesting that the earliest nerve fibre damage is to the small fibres. Unfortunately, guidelines and consensus statements focus on large fibres and continue to advocate electrophysiology as a diagnostic modality and as a primary end point for the assessment of therapeutic benefit. (In part, this reflects the difficulties in quantifying small fibre dysfunction and damage.) We have therefore critically assessed currently available techniques that measure small fibre dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy, using quantitative sensory and sudomotor testing. We have assessed the role of identifying structural damage by quantifying intraepidermal nerve fibre density in skin biopsies and corneal nerve morphology using corneal confocal microscopy. Finally, we propose a definition for diabetic neuropathy that incorporates small fibre damage.
journal_name
Diabetes Metab Res Revjournal_title
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviewsauthors
Malik RA,Veves A,Tesfaye S,Smith G,Cameron N,Zochodne D,Lauria G,Toronto Consensus Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy.doi
10.1002/dmrr.1222subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-01 00:00:00pages
678-84issue
7eissn
1520-7552issn
1520-7560journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,实务指引abstract：:Palliative care is a philosophy and a system for deciding care and can be used alone or integrated with usual chronic disease care. Palliative care encompasses end-of-life care. Palliative care aims to enhance quality of life, optimize function and manage symptoms including early in the course of chronic diseases. The...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2758
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Women with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at greater risk of dying from breast cancer than women without these conditions. Obesity and T2D are associated with insulin resistance and endogenous hyperinsulinemia and are more common in Black women. There is increasing disparity in breast cancer mortality...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2795
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for stroke and confers increased risk of poor outcome and further vascular events following stroke. Hyperuricaemia occurs commonly in patients with type 2 diabetes, but its significance as a predictor of outcome following stroke is uncertain. We sought to investigate the prog...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.585
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors and sulfonylureas are two important second-line anti-diabetic agents. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitors compared with sulfonylureas by meta-analytic approach of available randomized studies. METHODS:We search...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2482
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Statins are one of the most widely prescribed medications in the United States; however, there is a concern that they are associated with new-onset-diabetes (NOD) development. We sought to understand the risk of dysglycemia and NOD for a cohort of individuals that reflect real-world physician prescribing patt...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3189
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This article aims to describe the implementation and initial results of an audit-feedback quality improvement initiative in Belgian diabetic foot clinics. METHODS:Using self-developed software and questionnaires, diabetic foot clinics collected data in 2005, 2008 and 2011, covering characteristics, history ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2524
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Atherosclerosis is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidaemia. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is characterised by IR and is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. The objective of the present study was to test whether early atherosclerosis indicated by intimal medial thickness (IMT...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.226
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The exact cause of the obesity epidemic remains unknown; however, both environmental and genetic factors are involved. People at risk of developing obesity include children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which in turn increases their cardiovascular disease risk. Here, we discuss the clinical and genetic factors...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2797
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging health concerns of the 21st century. With at least 30% of the diabetic population remaining undiagnosed, effective and early diagnosis is of critical concern. Development of a diagnostic test, more convenient and reliable than those currently used, would therefore be hi...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1068
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:We systematically review the available systems used to classify diabetic foot ulcers in order to synthesize their methodological qualitative issues and accuracy to predict lower extremity amputation, as this may represent a critical point in these patients' care. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Two investigators searched, in...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2535
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus secondary to pancreatic diseases is a condition seldom thought of in clinical practice. Yet, a high percentage of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency has been reported for the general population and especially for diabetic subjects. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus du...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2260
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We conducted this research in order to evaluate the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) in Korean women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), to identify the clinical characteristics of these women, and to gauge the prevalence of diabetes among them after childbirth. METHODS:We s...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.963
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To compare in atrial fibrillation patients with and without diabetes, (1) baseline characteristics, (2) additional risk factors for stroke or peripheric or visceral embolism (hypertension, previous stroke, age >75 years), (3) mortality, (4) stroke or embolism, and (5) oral anticoagulation in the year 2000. ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.386
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a critical determinant of beta-cell insulin secretion in response to glucose. BHE/cdb rats have a mutation in ATP synthase that limits ATP production, yet develop mild diabetes only with ageing. We investigated the cellular basis for reduced insulin secretion and compensatory ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.819
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various different systems have been proposed to classify diabetic foot ulcers, but none has gained widespread acceptance. The International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) developed a classification system for research purposes, which is described in this report. In this PEDIS system, all foot ulcers should...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.464
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The proposed 2015 US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines recommend diabetes screening for individuals ≥45 years or demonstrating other risk factors for dysglycemia. Still, many patients with dysglycemia remain undiagnosed, and opportunities for early intervention are lost. METHODS:To test novel approa...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2674
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Mediterranean countries, the incidence (per 100,000 per year) of Type 1 diabetes in children aged under 15 years shows wide variation from country to country, ranging from 2.45 in Macedonia to 34.4 in Sardinia. By interacting with environmental factors such as diet, toxins or viral infections, the HLA plus non-HLA ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199903/04)15:2<133::aid-dm
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rising experimental evidence suggests that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) exert a protective effect on breast cancer. However, studies concerning this issue were inconsistent and limited. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis with data from currently available studies to evaluate the effect of TZDs on breast cancer risk amon...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2961
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To ascertain which demographic, clinical, and microbiological factors might affect clinical outcomes of patients with diabetic foot infections, excluding known osteomyelitis, by analysing Clinical Assessment Program and Teflaro® Utilization Registry study data of patients treated with ceftaroline fosamil. M...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2624
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of self-reactive T cells that specifically destroy the pancreatic beta-cells is one of the hallmarks in the development of type 1 diabetes. Thus, for prevention and treatment of this autoimmune disease, approaches to induce and maintain T cell tolerance toward the beta-cells, especially in islet transplanta...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.345
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel marker of visceral adipose tissue accumulation and dysfunction. The study aim was to explore the association of VAI with the 10-year type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence in apparently healthy individuals and compare its T2DM predictive ability against common ant...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3161
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abstinence from food and liquid during daylight hours is observed by Muslim individuals during the month of Ramadan. Even though the Koran exempts the sick from fasting, many people with diabetes still fast during this religious period. It is essential for patients, family and healthcare professionals to be aware of t...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1137
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic patients are at higher risk of developing physical disabilities than non-diabetic subjects. Physical disability appears to be related, at least in part, to muscle dysfunction. Several studies have reported reduced muscle strength and power under dynamic and static conditions in both the upper and lower limbs ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2658
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Stable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics, such as the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide, are approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 has a spectrum of anti-diabetic effects that are of possible utility in the treatment of more severe forms of diabetes. METHODS:The present study has evaluated the ef...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2608
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Leptin's hematopoietic or proinflammatory role has been experimentally reported. We investigated whether serum leptin concentrations are associated with white blood cell (WBC) counts in humans. METHODS:Serum leptin concentrations of Japanese civil servants aged 40 to 59 years (1082 men and 200 women) were a...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.540
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous works indicated that the stress on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) affected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there is no clear evident on the effect of the regulation of ER stress by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the prevention of NAFLD. METHODS:HepG2 cells were treated...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3123
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lispro Mix 25% insulin lispro/75% insulin lispro protamine (LM25) and Lispro Mix 50% insulin lispro/50% insulin lispro protamine (LM50) were compared as starter insulins in East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:Phase 4, open-label, randomized trial conducted in China, Japan, Korea, and Turkey. S...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2816
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The actual pathophysiology behind gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still unclear, but a deterioration in insulin resistance beyond that induced by pregnancy, combined with beta cell dysfunction, plays a key role. Interventions that help improve glucose tolerance by attenuating pregnancy-induced insulin resistanc...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2402
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several interactive and mutually perpetuating abnormal biochemical pathways, such as protein kinase C (PKC) activation, augmented polyol pathway, and non-enzymatic glycation, may be activated as a result of sustained hyperglycemia in diabetes. These abnormal pathways may in turn influence several vasoactive factors, w...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/1520-7560(0000)9999:9999<::aid-dmrr157>3.0
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four kinds of subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) machines have been currently introduced in clinical practice. These machines exhibit real-time glucose on the monitor every 5 minutes and have alarms to indicate hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. However, thus far, there is no clear consensus about the cli...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2346
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
