Abstract：
:1. Intrarenal oxygen availability is the balance between supply, mainly dependent on renal blood flow, and demand, determined by the basal metabolic demand and the energy-requiring tubular electrolyte transport. Renal blood flow is maintained within close limits in order to sustain stable glomerular filtration, so increased intrarenal oxygen consumption is likely to cause tissue hypoxia. 2. The increased oxygen consumption is closely linked to increased oxidative stress, which increases mitochondrial oxygen usage and reduces tubular electrolyte transport efficiency, with both contributing to increased total oxygen consumption. 3. Tubulointerstitial hypoxia stimulates the production of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin, indicators of increased fibrogenesis. Furthermore, the hypoxic environment induces epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and aggravates fibrosis, which results in reduced peritubular blood perfusion and oxygen delivery due to capillary rarefaction. 4. Increased oxygen consumption, capillary rarefaction and increased diffusion distance due to the increased fibrosis per se further aggravate the interstitial hypoxia. 5. Recently, it has been demonstrated that hypoxia simulates the infiltration and maturation of immune cells, which provides an explanation for the general inflammation commonly associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease. 6. Therapies targeting interstitial hypoxia could potentially reduce the progression of chronic renal failure in millions of patients who are otherwise likely to eventually present with fully developed end-stage renal disease.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Palm F,Nordquist Ldoi
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05532.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-07-01 00:00:00pages
474-80issue
7eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:1. During the destruction of articular cartilage, fibrinolytic enzymes and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) may contribute to the related pathology. The activities, antigens and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in articular cartilage...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb01138.x
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Short-term salt loading and salt restriction in a group of normal pregnant women produced no changes in lying, sitting or standing blood pressures or heart rates. Home blood pressures showed no trend to change over the periods of altered salt intake. Although plasma volume and plasma renin activity changed with altere...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1985.tb02654.x
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The functional innervation of autonomic target tissues occurs early during development, at a time when both the nerves and post-synaptic target tissues are still differentiating. 2. Physiological responses appear soon after the arrival of the first fibres when uptake and release mechanisms within the nerves are alr...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.03092.x
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According to Guyton's model, impaired renal sodium excretion plays a key role in the increased salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP). Several factors contribute to impaired renal sodium excretion, including the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin system and aldosterone. Accumulating evidence suggests t...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12177
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemotherapy resistance is a major contributor to poor treatment responses and tumour relapse, the development of which has been strongly linked to the action of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Mounting evidence suggests that CSCs are reliant on low oxygen conditions and hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIF1α and HIF2α)...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12693
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Despite the array of sophisticated imaging techniques available for biological applications, none of the standard biomedical techniques adequately provides the capability to measure motion and flow. Those techniques currently in use are particularly lacking in spatial and temporal resolution. 2. Herein, we introduc...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05102.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Intravenous endothelin-1 releases endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and prostacyclin from the lungs, and substantial pulmonary clearance is claimed. Since these vaso-active substances could alter the haemodynamic effects of endothelin-1, the effects of boluses of endothelin-1 injected intravenously and int...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02521.x
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Prenatal dexamethasone leads to low birth weight and compromises organogenesis, but its effects on nephrogenesis in male and female rats have not yet been investigated extensively. Reduced renal mass may be responsible for hypertension and renal haemodynamic and morphological adjustments to maintain the glomerular ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03787.x
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both opiates and dopamine play important roles in learning and memory. Although synergistic action between these two neurotransmitters has been found, their functional roles remain unclear. Here, low dose morphine (2.5 mg/kg) and low dose dopamine receptor agonists (apomorphine 0.05 mg/kg; SKF38393 0.01 mg/kg; bromocr...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12889
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone is a remarkable living tissue that provides a framework for animal body support and motion. However, under excessive loads and deformations, bone is prone is to damage through fracture. Furthermore, once the bone is weakened by osteoporosis, bone fracture can occur even after only minimal trauma. Various techniqu...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05652.x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Mammalian heart muscle is extremely sensitive to the external calcium concentration. It reacts to alterations of the external calcium concentration with an immediate adaptation of contractile force. 2. In mammalian heart there is a network of large transverse tubules throughout the cell. These structures are regula...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1977.tb02377.x
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacological actions of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2-spiropentylpropyl)-phenol (BSPP), a putative presynaptic GABA(B) receptor modulator, were examined in electrically stimulated rat neocortical brain slices preloaded with [3H]-GABA or [3H]-glutamic acid. At 10 mmol/L, BSPP inhibited the release of [3H]-GAB...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04948.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of left ventricular repair (LVR) surgery for ischaemic or dilated cardiomyopathy are not fully understood. The development of a proper animal model will help to resolve this issue. 2. The ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) model used was as follows. Twenty-six rats developed ICM with a large akinetic left v...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03708.x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. A rapid imaging technique with temporal resolution of about 1 ms was employed to describe cell-length changes during the isotonic contraction cycle of adult rat ventricular myocytes at 22 degrees C. 2. Parameters of cell contraction and relaxation were defined and values obtained under control conditions and after ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01542.x
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent endocrine disorder worldwide. Citrulline is an α-amino acid, which is abundant in watermelon, and a precursor of arginine and nitric oxide. Decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide is associated with insulin resistance. The present systematic review focused on the existing ev...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.13190
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNA plays an integral role in the development of atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-599 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were transfected with a miR-599 mimic and negative control, and then exposed to LP...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.13316
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of parecoxib, a novel cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, on spontaneous and prostaglandin-induced contractions of uterine smooth muscle. 2. Non-pregnant adult Wistar rats were decapitated and dissected to isolate myometrial strips. The tissue was mounted in ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04632.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Chronic alcohol treatment has been reported to be associated with liver and kidney damage. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is the major growth factor related to alcohol consumption. However, the effect of alcohol on the IGF system in the liver and kidney has not been fully elucidated. Thus, the present study w...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.03945.x
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect and safety profile of latanoprost (Xalatan) with its generic variant, Glautan (Unipharm, Tel Aviv, Israel). After 1 and 4 weeks of treatment, a randomized, prospective, cross-over comparison was carried out that included patients with open-angle glaucoma or oc...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/1440-1681.12329
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Serial observations of blood pressure after unilateral adrenalectomy for aldosterone-producing adenoma revealed an incidence of hypotension (systolic BP less than fifth percentile for age- and sex-matched normal population) of 27% at 2 years, more than 5 times that predicted. 2. Serial observations of volume regula...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01558.x
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. There is controversy regarding plasma catecholamine levels in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and few data exist on serial plasma catecholamine measurements during exercise. The present study determined whether cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to exercise were altered in patients wi...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02177.x
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Two aspects of cholesterol absorption; (a) the importance of solubilization and (b) the effects of different bile salts on the mucosal metabolism and lymphatic output of cholesterol, have been investigated using two different in vivo techniques. 2. Bile diverted lymph fistula rats were infused intraduodenally at a ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1976.tb00607.x
更新日期：1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was completely ligated for 90 min (i.e. myocardial ischaemia was produced) in the dog anaesthetized with pentobarbital. 2. Bevantolol, a beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, was injected (1 mg/kg, intravenously) 5 min before LAD occlusion. The bevantolol injection decre...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01440.x
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The reproducibility of blood volume measurements, using [51Cr]-labelled red blood cells (RBC) was tested in three lambs, 79-89 days of age, and the accuracy was tested in eight lambs, 83 +/- 0.4 days of age, in which blood volume was measured simultaneously by [51Cr]-RBC and [125I]-gamma globulin plus haematocrit (...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02557.x
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The efficacy of streptokinase as an intracoronary thrombolytic agent is well-recognized. The effect of streptokinase, distinct from its thrombolytic action, on ischaemic myocardium distal to an area of coronary artery occlusion when reperfusion occurs has not been well-defined. In order to do this, myocardial creatine...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb02392.x
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Contraction assays and patch clamp methods were used to determine the role of K+ channels in the regulation of contractile tone of human mesangial cells (MC) in culture. 2. MC contraction was induced by vasoconstrictor agents, such as angiotensin II (AngII; 100 nmol/L) and glybenclamide (Glyb), but not by iberiotox...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb03066.x
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Twelve treated hypertensive patients (ages 58-71 years) who had also been treated for joint disease participated in a randomized double-blind crossover placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of indomethacin (25 mg three times daily) on blood pressure and biochemical parameters over a 6-week period. 2. ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.1981.tb00763.x
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Skeletal muscle oxidative function and metabolic gene expression are co-ordinately downregulated in metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Altering skeletal muscle metabolic gene expression to favour enhanced energy expenditure is considered a potential therapy to combat these d...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05311.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), present in capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons, induces gastric mucus secretion and mucosal cytoprotection. 2. We studied the possible cross-talk between PAR2 and vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1). The VR1 antagonist capsazepine partially inhibited the PAR2-mediated increase in gastri...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03641.x
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Calcium regulation has been reported to be associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. Thus, changes in Ca2+ uptake induced by ATP, an important regulator of Ca2+ uptake, in the diabetic condition and related signal pathways were examined in primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells (PTC)....
journal_title：Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03895.x
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
