Glycosylation on envelope glycoprotein of duck Tembusu virus affects virus replication in vitro and contributes to the neurovirulence and pathogenicity in vivo.

abstract：:There is growing awareness of the health implications of fact that infectious agents often do not act independently; rather their disease potential is mediated in diverse and significant ways by their relationships with other pathogens. Pathogen-pathogen interaction (PPI), for example, impacts various virulence factor...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Singer M

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Massachusetts developed a routine HIV testing program in four sites from January-September 2002. Of the 2,502 patients tested, 453 (18.1%) reported ≥2 HIV tests within the prior three years. In multivariate analyses, frequent HIV testing was associated with younger age (18-30 years, OR = 1.42), a history of injection ...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Williams-Roberts H,Chang Y,Losina E,Freedberg KA,Walensky RP

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An important part of the innate immune response of the nematode C. elegans to fungal infection is the rapid induction of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. One of these genes, nlp‑29, is expressed at a low level in adults under normal conditions. Its expression is up-regulated in the epidermis by infection with Dr...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Lee KZ,Kniazeva M,Han M,Pujol N,Ewbank JJ

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aspergillus fumigatus is the most ubiquitous and the most threatful airborne fungal pathogen. In the atmosphere, there is thousands of conidia/m (3) originating from more than hundred fungal genera, which enter the host through the respiratory system and are eliminated by the innate immune defences. But how do A. fumi...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Aimanianda V,Latgé JP

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study addresses the effects of dynamic strain turnover and antibiotic prophylaxis on rates of group A Streptococcus (GAS) antibiotic resistance and disease. The authors analyzed the strain distributions, disease rates, and patterns of antibiotic resistance of 802 GAS isolates collected from 2002 through 2007. The...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Metzgar D,McDonough EA,Hansen CJ,Blaesing CR,Baynes D,Hawksworth AW,Blair PJ,Faix DJ,Russell KL

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The increasing levels of multi-drug resistance in human pathogenic bacteria are compromising our ability to treat infectious disease. Since antibiotic resistance determinants are readily exchanged between bacteria through lateral gene transfer, there is an increasing interest in investigating reservoirs of antibiotic ...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Sommer MO,Church GM,Dantas G

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) a two component system comprising RpfG and the complex sensor kinase RpfC is implicated in sensing and responding to the cell-cell signaling molecule DSF to positively regulate the synthesis of virulence factors such as extracellular enzymes, biofilm st...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Ryan RP,Dow JM

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recently sequenced genome of the obligate intracellular amoeba symbiont 'Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus' is unique among prokaryotic genomes due to its extremely large fraction of genes encoding proteins harboring eukaryotic domains such as ankyrin-repeats, TPR/SEL1 repeats, leucine-rich repeats, as well as F- ...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Penz T,Horn M,Schmitz-Esser S

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was originally identified as a highly conserved nuclear DNA-binding protein that participates in DNA replication, repair and transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Although the nuclear role of HMGB1 is not quite understood, recent studies characterized the emerging role of ext...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Vande Walle L,Kanneganti TD,Lamkanfi M

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A naturally occurring gastrointestinal disease, primarily of ruminants (Johne disease), is a chronic debilitating disease that is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP infection occurs primarily in utero and in newborns. Outside our Dietzia probiotic treatment, there are no preventive/cu...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Click RE

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) agents are defined by their virulence for particular species, their spread in the population, their incubation time to cause disease, and their neuropathological sequelae. Murine adapted human agents, including sporadic CJD (sCJD), New Guinea kuru, and Japanese CJD agents,...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Miyazawa K,Emmerling K,Manuelidis L

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since 1911 epidemiological evidence indicates that S. haematobium is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. However, the mechanisms of this interaction are not clearly defined. Using normal epithelial cells, S. haematobium parasite extracts were able to induce cancer-like phenotypes such as proliferat...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Botelho MC,Machado JC,Brindley PJ,Correia da Costa JM

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza A viruses are the causative agents of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. The pathogenicity of influenza viruses is determined by complex interplay of viral and host factors. While some knowledge exists on viral determinants of pathogenicity, little is known on the host factors involved. Here, we disc...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Otte A,Gabriel G

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical component of host defense against invading pathogens; however, its therapeutic utility is limited due to a lack of practical delivery systems. Recently, a NO-releasing nanoparticulate platform (NO-np) was shown to have in vitro broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and in vivo pre-clini...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Schairer D,Martinez LR,Blecher K,Chouake J,Nacharaju P,Gialanella P,Friedman JM,Nosanchuk JD,Friedman A

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor (HpHbR) of African trypanosomes plays a critical role in human innate immunity against these parasites. Localized to the flagellar pocket of the veterinary pathogen Trypanosoma brucei brucei this receptor binds Trypanosome Lytic Factor-1 (TLF-1), a subclass of human high-density lip...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Bullard W,Kieft R,Capewell P,Veitch NJ,Macleod A,Hajduk SL

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structural and functional barrier that protects the central nervous system (CNS) from invasion by blood-borne pathogens including parasites. However, some intracellular and extracellular parasites can traverse the BBB during the course of infection and cause neurological disturbances...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Masocha W,Kristensson K

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, diatomic, lipophilic gas that plays an integral role in defending against pathogens. Among its many functions are involvement in immune cell signaling and in the biochemical reactions by which immune cells defend against bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. NO signaling directs a...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Schairer DO,Chouake JS,Nosanchuk JD,Friedman AJ

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent bacteria implicated in biofilm formation, which is a dynamic process whose first step consists in bacteria adhesion to surfaces through type 1 fimbriae. Salicylate induces a number of morphological and physiological alterations in bacteria including the activation of the tr...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Vila J,Soto SM

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For more than ten years the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has proven to be a valuable model for studies of the host response to various bacterial and fungal pathogens. When exposed to a pathogenic organism, a clear response is elicited in the nematode, which is characterized by specific alterations on the transcript...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Simonsen KT,Gallego SF,Færgeman NJ,Kallipolitis BH

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the herpesvirus family, establishes life-long persistence and latency after primary infection and can be reactivated later in life. In immunosuppressed patients, it is an important pathogen that can cause severe disease. HCMV is also thought to play a causative role in inflamm...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Gredmark-Russ S,Söderberg-Nauclér C

更新日期：2012-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) consists of closely related species that cause tuberculosis in both humans and animals. This illness, still today, remains to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The mycobacteria enter the host by air, and, once in the lungs, are p...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Forrellad MA,Klepp LI,Gioffré A,Sabio y García J,Morbidoni HR,de la Paz Santangelo M,Cataldi AA,Bigi F

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The polymorphic fungus Candida albicans is a member of the normal human microbiome. In most individuals, C. albicans resides as a lifelong, harmless commensal. Under certain circumstances, however, C. albicans can cause infections that range from superficial infections of the skin to life-threatening systemic infectio...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Mayer FL,Wilson D,Hube B

更新日期：2013-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans, causing mucosal infections that are difficult to eliminate and systemic infections that are often lethal primarily due to defects in the host's innate status. Here we demonstrate the utility of Caenorhabditis elegans, a model host to study innate immunity, by expl...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Jain C,Pastor K,Gonzalez AY,Lorenz MC,Rao RP

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oropharyngeal Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection usually occurs in patients with altered cell-mediated immune response. Many animal models have been developed for studying the pathogenesis of disease. Here we describe a new model for real-time monitoring of oral candidiasis. Mice were rendered susceptible to ora...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Mosci P,Pericolini E,Gabrielli E,Kenno S,Perito S,Bistoni F,d'Enfert C,Vecchiarelli A

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. While mortality is low, morbidity imparted by post-infectious sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, Reiter syndrome/reactive arthritis and irritable bowel syndrome is significant. In addition, the economic cost is high due to lost produ...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Iovine NM

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain bacterial pathogens are able to evade the host immune system and persist within the human host. The consequences of persistent bacterial infections potentially include increased morbidity and mortality from the infection itself as well as an increased risk of dissemination of disease. Eradication of persistent...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Grant SS,Hung DT

更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Live attenuated vaccines are adept in stimulating protective immunity. Methods for generating such vaccines have largely adopted strategies used with Salmonella enterica. Yet, when similar strategies were tested in other gram-negative bacteria, the virulence factors or genes responsible to incapacitate Salmonella ofte...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Pascual DW,Suo Z,Cao L,Avci R,Yang X

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction remains the most common cause of death for patients treated in intensive care units. As there is no specific treatment for severe sepsis, current management consists of antibiotics, source control and the use of supportive therapies to sustain life while waiting for the ad...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Finfer S

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcal lipases have been proposed as pathogenicity factors. In Staphylococcus saprophyticus the surface-associated protein (Ssp) has been previously characterized as a cell wall-associated true lipase. A S. saprophyticus Δssp::ermB mutant has been described as less virulent in an in vivo model of urinary tract...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Szabados F,Mohner A,Kleine B,Gatermann SG

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe sepsis is traditionally associated with bacterial diseases. While fungi and parasites can also cause sepsis, they are significantly less common than bacterial causes. However, viruses are becoming a growing cause of severe sepsis worldwide. Among these viruses, influenza is crossing all geographic boundaries an...

journal_title：Virulence

authors： Florescu DF,Kalil AC

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00