Abstract:
:Higher-plant, green and red algal chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane envelope. The glaucocystophyte plastid (cyanelle) has retained a prokaryotic cell wall between the two envelope membranes. The complex chloroplasts of Euglena and dinoflagellates are surrounded by three membranes while the complex chloroplasts of chlorarachniophytes, cryptomonads, brown algae, diatoms and other chromophytes, are surrounded by 4 membranes. The peptidoglycan layer of the cyanelle envelope and the additional membranes of complex chloroplasts provide barriers to chloroplast protein import not present in the simpler double membrane chloroplast envelope. Analysis of presequence structure and in vitro import experiments indicate that proteins are imported directly from the cytoplasm across the two envelope membranes and peptidoglycan layer into cyanelles. Protein import into complex chloroplasts is however fundamentally different. Analysis of presequence structure and in vitro import into microsomal membranes has shown that translocation into the ER is the first step for protein import into complex chloroplasts enclosed by three or four membranes. In vivo pulse chase experiments and immunoelectronmicroscopy have shown that in Euglena, proteins are transported from the ER to the Golgi apparatus prior to import across the three chloroplast membranes. Ultrastructural studies and the presence of ribosomes on the outermost of the four envelope membranes suggests protein import into 4 membrane-bounded complex chloroplasts is directly from the ER like outermost membrane into the chloroplast. The fundamental difference in import mechanisms, posttranslational direct chloroplast import or co-translational translocation into the ER prior to chloroplast import, appears to reflect the evolutionary origin of the different chloroplast types. Chloroplasts with a two-membrane envelope are thought to have evolved through the primary endosymbiotic association between a eukaryotic host and a photosynthetic prokaryote while complex chloroplasts are believed to have evolved through a secondary endosymbiotic association between a heterotrophic or possibly phototrophic eukaryotic host and a photosynthetic eukaryote.
journal_name
Plant Mol Bioljournal_title
Plant molecular biologyauthors
Schwartzbach SD,Osafune T,Löffelhardt Wsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-09-01 00:00:00pages
247-63issue
1-2eissn
0167-4412issn
1573-5028journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We describe a method for identifying signal transducing proteins from other organisms by their ability to turn on a signalling pathway when they are expressed at high level in yeast. The method was tested on a cDNA library from Arabidopsis thaliana, which was screened for clones that can activate glucose repression in...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1014440531842
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA sequence, copy number, expression and phylogenetic relevance of the psbA gene from the abundant marine prokaryote P. marinus CCMP 1375 was analyzed. The 7 amino acids near the C-terminus missing in higher plant and in Prochlorothrix hollandica D1 proteins are present in the derived amino acid sequence. P. marinus ...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00020892
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::cDNA clones for all enzymes of the prechorismate pathway of higher plants have previously been cloned, with the exception of the second enzyme of the pathway, 3-dehydroquinate synthase. Here we describe the isolation of a cDNA encoding a 3-dehydroquinate synthase from tomato which was identified by complementing a 3-d...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00020607
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11103-013-0063-y
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Starch-branching enzymes (SBE) alter starch structure by breaking an alpha-1,4 linkage and attaching the reducing end of the new chain to a glucan chain by an alpha 1,6 bond. In maize, three isoforms of SBE have been identified. In order to examine the function of the SBEI isoform, a reverse-genetics PCR-based screen ...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Young pine seedlings respond to environmental stress by induced synthesis of pinosylvin, a stilbene phytoalexin. Heartwood of pine trees is characterized by a high content of pinosylvin. The formation of pinosylvin from cinnamoyl-CoA and three molecules malonyl-CoA catalysed by pinosylvin synthase is typical of the ge...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1006163030646
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The promoter region (-309 to +44) of the Brassica napus storage protein gene napA was studied in transgenic tobacco by successive 5' as well as internal deletions fused to the reporter gene GUS (beta-glucuronidase). The expression in the two main tissues of the seed, the endosperm and the embryo, was shown to be diffe...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00041385
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:KEY MESSAGE:CmCAD2 and CmCAD3 function more positively than CmCAD1 in oriental melon for lignin synthesis which is important to ensure internal water status and thus for drought tolerance. Well-lignification may be the guarantee of efficient axial water transport and barrier of lateral water flow in oriental melon tole...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11103-020-01018-7
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/B:PLAN.0000028797.63168.a7
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1006438321386
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:KEY MESSAGE:RNA-seq analysis on whitebark pine needles demonstrated that methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-triggered transcriptome re-programming substantially overlapped with defense responses against insects and fungal pathogens in Pinus species, increasing current knowledge regarding induced systemic resistance (ISR) to patho...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11103-017-0655-z
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified a plant cellular factor that interacts with the proteins of the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Initially 14 candidate genes were isolated from Nicotiana tabacum, using a full-length CMV 1a gene as bait. Among the candidate genes, two were encoding thaumatin-like proteins (T...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11103-005-2619-y
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) cDNAs, PcSAMS1 and PcSAMS2, have been identified in Pinus contorta. We found that the two genes are differentially expressed during root development. Thus, PcSAMS1 is preferentially expressed in roots and exhibits a specific expression pattern in the meristem at the onset of ...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1010637012528
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA microsatellites are ubiquitously present in eukaryotic genomes and represent a vast source of highly informative markers. We describe in this article a (GGC)n microsatellite which is widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques and DNA sequencing, we demonstrated for t...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00014544
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two subtractive cDNA libraries were developed to study genes associated with bud dormancy (reverse library) and initiation of shoot growth (forward library) in leafy spurge. To identify unique sequences represented in each library, 15744 clones were screened to reduce the level of redundancy within both libraries. A t...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11103-006-0015-x
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have characterized two sets of cDNA clones representing the glutamine synthetase (GS) mRNA in soybean nodules. Using the 3'-untranslated regions of a representative member of each set, as gene member(s) specific probes, we have shown that one set of the GS genes are expressed in a nodule-specific manner, while the ...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00028970
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the pattern of gene regulation of the plastid chaperonin 60 beta gene family a chimaeric gene was constructed fusing the 5'-flanking region of the chaperonin 60 beta B3 gene to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. Histochemical and fluorometric analysis of the GUS activity present in transgenic plants harbou...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00040585
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The characterization of a non-photosynthetic isoform of NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) from maize roots, which represents nearly 7% of the total soluble protein of this tissue, was performed. The molecular properties of the purified protein, as well as the kinetic parameters determined, indicate that the NADP-ME isoform ...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1010665910095
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/B:PLAN.0000028775.58537.fe
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutelin is the most abundant storage protein in rice, which is expressed specifically in the endosperm of maturing seed. Glutelin is encoded by about 10 genes per haploid genome, which are clearly divided into two subfamilies (GluA and GluB). Most of them are coordinately expressed during seed maturation in spite of ...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00019553
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11103-018-0707-z
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00014970
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elicitins are 10 kDa holoproteins secreted by Phytophthora fungi, that elicit an incompatible hypersensitive reaction, leading to resistance against fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. Comparison of primary sequences of alpha-elicitins and beta-elicitins indicated several potential necrotic activity-determining resi...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00019323
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cDNA subtraction and differential hybridization strategy was used to isolate cDNAs expressed early during male gametophyte development in the important crop species Brassica napus. Three cDNAs, corresponding to genes highly and specifically expressed at the tetrad and microspore stages, are presented here. The analy...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1006282507095
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transgenic plants carrying chimeric genes composed of segments of the 5'-flanking region of the Arabidopsis 9-tubulin gene (TUB9) fused to the coding region of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene of Escherichia coli were used to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of TUB9 expression. Chimeric genes that contai...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1011628024798
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00024201
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11103-010-9615-6
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two cultivars of Perilla frutescens, red and green formas are known to differ in anthocyanin accumulation in leaves and stems. cDNA clones encoding the enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and UDP glucose: flavonoid 3-O...
journal_title:Plant molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1005959203396
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00