Abstract：
:In 1925, Robert A. Kehoe enunciated a paradigm predicated upon categorical distinction between expectations and conjecture ("show me the data" mentality) from hard scientific facts on exposure outcomes. It led to a precedent-setting system of voluntary self-regulation by lead industry as a model for environmental control and implicitly signaled the level of industrial responsibility for lead pollution. It combined a cascading uncertainty rule (there is always uncertainty to be found in a world of imperfect information) with a highly skewed cost-benefit concept (immediate benefits of tetraethyl lead additives must be weighed against possible future health hazards). Many studies were funded by the lead industry to develop a theoretical framework for the paradigm which served as a strong defensive strategy against lead critics. It resulted in an unfettered growth in automotive lead pollution to over 270,000 tons per year in the United States and 350,000 tons per year worldwide during the early 1970s. Clair Patterson is credited with being the first person to mount an effective challenge against the Kehoe paradigm, and with his success came an upsurge of activity and attention to the risks of environmental lead pollution on public health.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Nriagu JOdoi
10.1006/enrs.1997.3808subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-08-01 00:00:00pages
71-8issue
2eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013-9351(97)93808-1journal_volume
78pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Feminization of animals derived from areas polluted by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been observed in all classes of vertebrates. However, feminization of artificially reared offspring by feeding of specific living organisms has never been reported. METHODS:Different food (including Limnodilus s...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.018
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The number of studies on air pollution with birth defects as the primary outcome has increased dramatically over the past two decades, but the potential role of specific air pollutants in congenital limb anomalies remains unclear. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate associations between preconception and first-trimester...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109643
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite intense societal and scientific debates regarding glyphosate toxicity, it remains the most widely used herbicide. The primary metabolite of glyphosate, AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), is the main contaminant detected in surface waters worldwide, both because of the extensive use of glyphosate and because of...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109944
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-Evans rats, 4-6 weeks of age, were given access to 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppm sodium chlorite in deionized water ad libitum as drinking water. Males were exposed 56 days, and females for 14 days prior to breeding and throughout the 10-day breeding period. Males were evaluated for sperm parameters and reproductive tract...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(87)80025-7
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the association between blood methylmercury (MeHg) and cognitive function in 240 adult residents living near a deserted chloralkali plant. Total mercury (T-Hg) in the blood, MeHg, and health and dietary related questionnaire were examined for all participants. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2008.06.006
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organochlorine compounds bioaccumulating in human tissues. Body burden of organochlorines may be influenced by individual characteristics such as age, weight variations, breastfeeding, dietary habits and place of reside...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2011.06.001
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper examines the reliability of sport fish consumption data from the New York State Angler Cohort Study (NYSACS). NYSACS is a prospective cohort study conducted among New York State registered sportsmen and fishermen. Sport fish consumption information for New York State waters including the Great Lakes between...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2004.01.010
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Human biomonitoring (HBM) data is increasingly being compared to risk-based screening values to assess human health risk. However, as screening values have not been established for assessing biomarker concentrations of organophosphate (OP) pesticide metabolites, there are few studies using HBM data on urinar...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.108739
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Particulate matter (PM) composition has a key role in a wide range of health outcomes, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and death, among others. Montcada i Reixac, a municipality located in the Barcelona metropolitan area (Catalonia, Spain), for its location a...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.010
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of cellular phones is now ubiquitous through most of the adult global population and is increasingly common among even young children in many countries (e.g. Finland, where the market for smart phones is nearly saturated). The basic operation of cellular phone networks demands widespread human exposure to radi...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.108845
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Soybean plants were grown for 90 days and spinach plants for 64 days in a mixture of sterilized greenhouse soil and sand containing 10 ppm pentachlorophenol. All plant parts and soil samples were extracted and separated into nonpolar and polar fractions. Major nonpolar and polar metabolites were identified by gas-liqu...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(85)90053-2
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of short-term exposure to air pollutants on inflammation-sensitive biomarkers in apparently healthy individuals. METHODS:We enrolled all participants from The Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center inflammation survey held between 2003 and 2006, excluding participants with an acute or chron...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2007.08.006
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We systematically reviewed the published studies on the relationship between dengue fever and meteorological factors and applied a meta-analysis to explore the effects of ambient temperature and precipitation on dengue fever. METHODS:We completed the literature search by the end of September 1st, 2019 using...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110043
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) and its main substitute, bisphenol S (BPS), are synthetic organic compounds found in various consumer products, in particular food and beverage containers. Numerous reports have shown a link between bisphenol exposure, human contamination and increased health problems. BPA, BPS and their metabolites ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110336
更新日期：2020-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of acute NO2 exposure on antigen-specific cell-mediated lung immunity in Fischer 344 rats were evaluated. Animals were exposed for 24 hr to either room air or 5, 10, or 26 ppm NO2 before intratracheal immunization with 10(8) sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Cellular immunity was evaluated by antigen-specific ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(83)90076-2
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease in children in the United States, and prevalence rates are rising. Smoking is associated with NAFLD, but the association of secondhand smoke exposure with NAFLD is unknown. AIMS:To investigate the association of secondhand tobacc...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.005
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endocrine disrupting industrial chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are suspected to adversely affect male reproductive functions. OBJECTIVES:The Faroe Islands community exhibits an unusually wide range of exposures to dietary contaminants, and in this setting we examined the possible assoc...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.030
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Effects of prenatal Manganese (Mn) exposure at an environmental relevant level on neonatal neurodevelopment remains unclear. OBJECTIVES:In the multi-center study, we assessed the impact of low level prenatal Mn exposure on neonatal behavioral neurological assessments (NBNA), and explore a threshold umbilica...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.012
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The terms medical surveillance and medical screening have sometimes been used interchangeably in the occupational medicine literature. Recently attempts have been made to redefine these as mutually exclusive, by nesting surveillance under screening or vice versa, by subsuming both under medical monitoring or periodic ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80226-9
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arsenic is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring metalloid that poses a significant risk for human cancer and non-cancer diseases. It is now evident that arsenic contamination in food, especially rice and grains, presents a significant exposure to hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. However, the disease risk fr...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.025
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A better understanding of public perceptions, attitude and behavior in relation to climate change will provide an important foundation for government׳s policy-making, service provider׳s guideline development and the engagement of local communities. The purpose of this study was to assess the perception towar...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.006
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human biomonitoring (HBM) of metals is a part of the ongoing project SPoTT for the longitudinal health surveillance of the population living near a waste-to-energy (WTE) incinerator (Turin, Italy). The HBM of metals in the SPoTT population aimed to evaluate: i) reference values (RVs) before the WTE incinerator sta...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.013
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris) were administered a single lead shot by gastric intubation. At weekly intervals over a 7-week period, the birds were weighed and blood samples obtained for measurement of hematocrit, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), blood lead and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-A...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(86)80148-7
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are responsible for around 20% of all deaths worldwide (approximately 14 million) and are the principal cause of death in all developed countries, accounting for 50% of all deaths. Variations in the annual per capita death rates in different countries are well documented. Less well known ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00009-9
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this exposure assessment study was to gain information about the exposure levels of adolescents in Israel to power frequency (50Hz) magnetic fields (MF) through personal monitoring, and to provide reliable data for national policy development. METHODS:84 adolescents, 6-10th grade students, carrie...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.027
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Flint Water Crisis (FWC) is divisible into four phases of child water-lead exposure risk: Phase A) before the switch in water source to the Flint River (our baseline); Phase B) after the switch in water source, but before boil water advisories; Phase C) after boil water advisories, but before the switch back to th...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.028
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Air pollution episodes are associated with increased cardiopulmonary hospital admissions. Cohort studies showed associations of spatial variation in traffic-related air pollution with respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Much less is known in particular about associations with cardiovascular morbidity. ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.008
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between in utero toxic (lead [Pb] and arsenic [As]) and essential element (zinc [Zn]) levels and neurodevelopmental indicators after birth in Chitwan Valley, Nepal. We conducted a hospital-based birth cohort study with 100 pregnant women in Chitwan, Nepal. We meas...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2012.10.010
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted a study in Egypt to assess the determinants of organochlorine serum levels among premenopausal women and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer for women with high organochlorine serum levels. We included 69 breast cancer patients and 53 controls consisting of visitors to the hospitals of the cancer pati...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00056-7
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since deforestation has recently been associated with increased mercury load in the Amazon, the problem of mercury exposure is now much more widespread than initially thought. A previous exploratory study suggested that fruit consumption may reduce mercury exposure. The objectives of the study were to determine the ef...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2007.01.012
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
