Calcium waves between astrocytes from Cx43 knockout mice.

abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the expression and regulation of the L-cystine transporter, system x(c) (-), in Müller cells. In this study, newly developed conditionally immortalized rat Müller cell lines (TR-MUL) from transgenic rats harboring the temperature-sensitive SV 40 large T-antigen gene we...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tomi M,Funaki T,Abukawa H,Katayama K,Kondo T,Ohtsuki S,Ueda M,Obinata M,Terasaki T,Hosoya K

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently showed that trisialoganglioside (GT1b) induces cell death of dopaminergic neurons in rat mesencephalic cultures (Chung et al., Neuroreport 12:611-614, 2001). The present study examines the in vivo neurotoxic effects of GT1b on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Seven ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ryu JK,Shin WH,Kim J,Joe EH,Lee YB,Cho KG,Oh YJ,Kim SU,Jin BK

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of the cell death following episodes of anoxia and ischemia in the mammalian central nervous system has been attributed to extracellular accumulation of glutamate and ATP, which causes a rise in [Ca(2+)](i), loss of mitochondrial potential, and cell death. However, restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation are ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Domercq M,Mato S,Soria FN,Sánchez-gómez MV,Alberdi E,Matute C

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The p75 neurotrophin receptor has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular functions that differ depending on the cell context. We have observed that p75(NTR) is strongly induced on astrocytes as well as neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region after seizures; however, the function of this receptor on these...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Cragnolini AB,Huang Y,Gokina P,Friedman WJ

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells in vitro express at least two types (H1 and H2) of histamine receptors and three types (EP, FP, and TP) of prostanoid receptors. The receptors expressed by glial cells differ according to the cell type and source in the brain. Furthermore primary astrocytes of same type derived from the same brain region a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Inagaki N,Wada H

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a predominant water channel protein in mammalian brains, localized in the astrocyte plasma membrane. The regulation of AQP4 is believed to be important for the homeostasis of water in the brain, but the AQP4 regulatory mechanisms are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the effect of a p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nakahama K,Nagano M,Fujioka A,Shinoda K,Sasaki H

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) represents a family of related peptides originally isolated from cardiac atria that have potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant properties. ANP has previously been localized in neurons of the rat brain in regions subserving cardiovascular functions and fluid/electrolyte balance...

journal_title：Glia

authors： McKenzie JC,Berman NE,Thomas CR,Young JK,Compton LY,Cothran LN,Liu WL,Klein RM

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Propagation of intercellular calcium waves (ICW) between astrocytes depends on the diffusion of signaling molecules through gap junction channels and diffusion through the extracellular space of neuroactive substances acting on plasmalemmal receptors. The relative contributions of these two pathways vary in different ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suadicani SO,De Pina-Benabou MH,Urban-Maldonado M,Spray DC,Scemes E

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) and perform a variety of tasks, from axon guidance and synaptic support, to the control of the blood brain barrier and blood flow. To perform these roles, there is a great variety of astrocytes. In this review, we summarize the function...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blackburn D,Sargsyan S,Monk PN,Shaw PJ

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity has been used to study the astroglial response in the rat spinal cord to long-term portacaval shunt (PCS). The astroglial response in PCS rats is heterogeneous. In general, astrocytes show a loss of GFAP immunoreactivity, as well as shrinking and pyknosis in thei...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bodega G,Suárez I,Arilla E,Rubio M,Fernández B

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord processes incoming painful information to ascending projection neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from SG spinal cord slices documented that in a low Ca(2+) /no Mg(2+) (low X(2+) ) external medium adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/dibenzoyl-ATP, Bz-ATP) caused inwar...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ficker C,Rozmer K,Kató E,Andó RD,Schumann L,Krügel U,Franke H,Sperlágh B,Riedel T,Illes P

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To examine the neurochemical effects of chronic hypoxia on immature nervous tissue in vitro, mixed neuronal-glial cell cultures derived from fetal mice were exposed to 5% O2 for 24 or 48 h. Those cultures subjected to longer hypoxia manifested improved neuronal survival compared to those with the shorter insult, both ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sher PK,Hu SX

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes express gap junction proteins and multiple types of P2Y receptors (P2YRs) that contribute to the propagation of intercellular Ca(2+) waves (ICW). To gain access to the role played by gap junctional communication in ICW propagation generated by P2YR activation, we selectively expressed P2Y(1,2,4)R subtypes a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suadicani SO,Flores CE,Urban-Maldonado M,Beelitz M,Scemes E

更新日期：2004-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term, persistent central nervous system inflammation is commonly seen following brain infection. Using a murine model of viral encephalitis (murine cytomegalovirus, MCMV) we have previously shown that post-encephalitic brains are maintained in an inflammatory state consisting of glial cell reactivity, retention o...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lokensgard JR,Schachtele SJ,Mutnal MB,Sheng WS,Prasad S,Hu S

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kainate (KA), quisqualate (QA), and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) stimulated gamma-aminobutyric acid [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from cultured cerebellar type 2 astrocytes and from their bipotential precursors. The evoked release was prevented by the antagonist 6-cyano-...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gallo V,Patrizio M,Levi G

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytic response in the immediate vicinity of freeze- and cobalt-induced lesions has been examined at the light and ultrastructural level. However, the temporal and spatial distribution of astrocytic reactivity throughout the rat cerebral cortex, using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunolabeling, has not ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Anders JJ,Niedermair S,Ellis E,Salopek M

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells execute essential functions in central nervous system (CNS) development and are also believed to play important roles during gliosis in response to trauma or disease. These developmental and pathological states have also been associated with elevated expression of opioid genes. Because levels of the cytoki...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Negro A,Tavella A,Facci L,Callegaro L,Skaper SD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human brain macrophages (microglia) have been isolated from mixed brain cell cultures initiated from explants of neurosurgical adult human tissue in one step according to a method developed for rat microglia. Cells were characterized enzyme-histochemically (NDPase) in mixed and immunocytochemically (anti-CD 14) in mix...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nörenberg W,Illes P,Gebicke-Haerter PJ

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gamma-secretase is an aspartyl protease composed of four proteins: presenilin (PS), nicastrin (Nct), APH1, and PEN2. These proteins assemble into a membrane complex that cleaves a variety of substrates within the transmembrane domain. The gamma-secretase cleavage products play an important role in various biological p...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nadler Y,Alexandrovich A,Grigoriadis N,Hartmann T,Rao KS,Shohami E,Stein R

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons with age. We previously found that a single systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) injection caused a slow progressive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+IR) neurons in SN associated ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Qin L,Liu Y,Hong JS,Crews FT

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have employed amoeboid microglia purified from primary cultures of neonatal rat brain to examine the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent activator of immune cells, on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in brain macrophages. In single brain macrophages loaded with indo 1, pulse administ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bader MF,Taupenot L,Ulrich G,Aunis D,Ciesielski-Treska J

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transplantation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) results in efficient remyelination in animal models of demyelination. However, the experiments so far undertaken have not addressed the need for tissue-type matching to achieve graft-mediated remyelination. Examination of MHC expression (main determinant of all...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tepavcević V,Blakemore WF

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synemin, a very unique type VI intermediate filament (IF) protein, exhibits alternative splice variants termed alpha and beta. Unlike other IF proteins, synemin binds to actin-associated proteins, including alpha-actinin, vinculin, and alpha-dystrobrevin. Our previous work has demonstrated the presence of synemin in d...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Jing R,Pizzolato G,Robson RM,Gabbiani G,Skalli O

更新日期：2005-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We first classified 12 malignant glioma cell lines into three different groups (types 1-3) with respect to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression and analyzed each group based on the different expression status of the class II transactivator (CIITA) gene. Glioma type 1 (2 of 12) showed constitutive...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Takamura Y,Ikeda H,Kanaseki T,Toyota M,Tokino T,Imai K,Houkin K,Sato N

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells play a crucial role in the organization and function of the nervous system. Cell-cell adhesion receptors of the cadherin family have been shown to participate in distinct morphogenetic processes throughout the development of the CNS, but little is known about glial expression of cadherins. Applying immunof...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gerhardt H,Rascher G,Schuck J,Weigold U,Redies C,Wolburg H

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 bind to the common receptor CXCR3 and are implicated in the pathogenesis of T-cell-mediated immunity in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we examined the temporal and spatial regulation of the Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 genes in the CNS of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Carter SL,Müller M,Manders PM,Campbell IL

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In myelinated axons, voltage-gated sodium channels specifically cluster at the nodes of Ranvier, while voltage-gated potassium channels are located at the juxtaparanodes. These characteristic localizations are influenced by myelination. During development, Nav1.2 first appears in the predicted nodes during myelination...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suzuki A,Hoshi T,Ishibashi T,Hayashi A,Yamaguchi Y,Baba H

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing evidence that chemokines, specialized regulators of the peripheral immune system, are also involved in the physiology and pathology of the CNS. It is known that glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) express various chemokine receptors like CCR1, -3, -5, and CXCR4. We have investigated the possible...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zuurman MW,Heeroma J,Brouwer N,Boddeke HW,Biber K

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are sensitive to environmental changes and are immediately transformed into several phenotypes. For such dynamic "modal shifts", purinergic receptors have central roles. When microglia sense ATP/ADP leaked from injured cells by P2Y(12) receptors, they are transformed into a moving phenotype, showing process ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Koizumi S,Ohsawa K,Inoue K,Kohsaka S

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of leech neuropile glial cells was investigated by use of iontophoretically injected fura-2. In neuropile glial cells, cholinergic agonists induced a marked increase in [Ca2+]i that was inhibited by d-tubocurarine...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hochstrate P,Schlue WR

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00