Abstract：
:Serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in the control of eating behavior and body weight. Stimulants of this monoamine reduce food intake and weight gain and increase energy expenditure, both in animals and in humans. This article reviews evidence that supports a role for hypothalamic serotonergic receptor mechanisms in the mediation of these effects. A variety of studies in rodents indicate that, at low doses, 5-HT or drugs that enhance the release of this neurotransmitter preferentially inhibit the ingestion of carbohydrate, more than fat or protein. This phenomenon is mediated, in part, by 5-HT receptors located in various medial hypothalamic nuclei. A negative feedback loop exists between the consumption of this macronutrient and the turnover of 5-HT in the hypothalamus. That is, carbohydrate ingestion enhances the synthesis and release of hypothalamic 5-HT, which in turn serves to control the size of carbohydrate-rich meals. A model is described that proposes the involvement of circulating hormones and glucose in this feedback process. These hormones, including insulin, corticosterone, and the adipose tissue-derived hormone, leptin, have impact on serotonergic function as well as satiety. This model further suggests that 5-HT exerts its strongest effect on appetite at the start of the natural feeding cycle, when carbohydrate is normally preferred. Clinical studies provide evidence that is consistent with the proposed model and that implicates 5-HT in disturbances of eating and body weight disorders.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Leibowitz SF,Alexander JTdoi
10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00186-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-01 00:00:00pages
851-64issue
9eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(98)00186-3journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Although neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have implicated the frontal cortex and subcortical structures in the pathophysiology of the disorder, few studies have examined cognitive function in patients with OCD on tasks validated in the assessment of frontal l...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00201-1
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Subjects at increased risk for psychosis experience continuous variation in the intensity of subtle psychotic experiences in response to minor stressors. It was investigated whether this psychotic reactivity in individuals at risk for psychosis is the exophenotypic expression of an underlying endophenotype c...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.012
更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past 30 years, investigators have used nonlinear and so-called chaos theory-based techniques to examine a wide range of phenomena ranging from electroencephalogram and cardiac rate and rhythm analyses to stock market and weather predictions. Psychiatric neuroscientists are now beginning to apply nonlinear met...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01701-8
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specific psychiatric disorders are characterized by impaired selective inhibition or "gating" of responses to sensory or cognitive information. Less is known about gating differences among normal individuals. We tested carefully screened controls in measures of central inhibition: prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle,...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)00138-S
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The implication of serotonin in suicide and affective disease explains why the 5-HT(2A) receptor gene has been proposed as a candidate gene in these disorders, although with conflicting results. METHODS:We analysed the distribution of the 5-HT(2A)-1438A/G genetic polymorphism in 192 patients with major affe...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01228-8
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aversive conditioning has been proposed as an important etiologic mechanism in social phobia; however, empirical evidence is scarce and has not relied on a detailed analysis of the acquisition and extinction of the conditioned emotional response. Fourteen men sustaining generalized social phobia and 19 healthy control...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01385-9
更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neurochemical and electrophysiological studies indicate that the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine system is activated by physiological and external stressors. This activation is mediated in part by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the hypothalamic neurohormone that initiates the endocrine response to...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00213-9
更新日期：1999-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Emotional vulnerabilities at the core of borderline personality disorder (BPD) involve a dysfunction of frontolimbic systems subserving negative emotionality. The specific regions identified in individual studies, however, vary widely and provide an incomplete understanding of the functional brain abnormalit...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.07.014
更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common known heritable cause of intellectual disability. Prior studies in FXS have observed a plateau in cognitive and adaptive behavioral development in early adolescence, suggesting that brain development in FXS may diverge from typical development during this period. ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.05.038
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abnormalities in circadian rhythms of core body temperature have been reported previously in depressed patients. In this study, we compared the temperature rhythms of 10 depressed seasonal affective disorder (SAD) patients with winter depression with those of 12 normal controls and evaluated the effects of bright ligh...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90018-w
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Evidence suggests that structural brain changes occur over time in bipolar disorder but few studies have examined this longitudinally. Additional work implicates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) valine (val)(66)methionine (met) variant in these changes. The present study examined longitudinal trends ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.12.006
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This prospective study included 32 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). As compared with a healthy reference group, the patients had pronounced psychiatric symptomatology [CPRS score 17.2 +/- 9.0 (SD) versus 4.4 +/- 2.0], which was mainly affective in character. The severity of symptoms was not related to ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(88)90085-6
更新日期：1988-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence is presented for the occurrence of a locus for schizotaxia on the short arm of chromosome 6. This derives from study of 63 informative members of seven pedigrees in which the proband and a parent (or a sib of parent) suffered with schizophrenia and other kin were either normal or fell within a spectrum of con...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tourette syndrome (TS) is thought to involve dopaminergic disturbances, but the nature of those disturbances remains controversial. Existing hypotheses suggest that TS involves 1) supersensitive dopamine receptors, 2) overactive dopamine transporters that cause low tonic but high phasic dopamine, 3) presynaptic dysfun...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.1172
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The study of Turner syndrome (TS) offers a unique window of opportunity for advancing scientific knowledge of how X chromosome gene imprinting, epigenetic factors, hormonal milieu, and chronologic age affect brain development in females. METHODS:We described brain growth trajectories in 55 girls with TS and...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.032
更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The observation that some patients with schizophrenia display subtly anomalous craniofacial features dates back to the early 1900s and has recently been hypothesized to reflect disrupted prenatal development also involving the brain. Most studies to date have used observer ratings rather than physical measur...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.034
更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clinically and biologically, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is heterogeneous. Unusual patterns of visual preference as indexed by eye tracking are hallmarks; however, whether they can be used to define an early biomarker of ASD as a whole or leveraged to define a subtype is unclear. To begin to examine this ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.032
更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:As many as 30% of individuals diagnosed with depression are nonresponsive to traditional antidepressant medication. Augmentation and combination strategies have emerged in an attempt to address this issue. Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., olanzapine), when added to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (e.g...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.012
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sensitivity to reward has been implicated as a predisposing factor for behaviors related to drug abuse as well as overeating. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to reward sensitivity are unknown. We hypothesized that a dysregulation in dopamine signaling might be an underlying cause of heightene...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.007
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty-nine patients with major depression were studied to determine the differential effects of desipramine (DMI) and fluoxetine (FLU) on thyroid hormones. Twenty-six percent showed some abnormality in baseline thyroid hormone levels. There were no demonstrable differences for any of the thyroid indices from baseline...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(93)90311-z
更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the relationship between low birth weight (LBW) (< or = 2500 g) and specific neurocognitive abilities at 6 years of age in a large-scale nonconcurrent prospective study. In 1990-1992, we randomly selected and evaluated LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) children from the 1983-1985 newborn lists of two major...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(95)00399-1
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Current smoking cessation therapies offer limited success, as relapse rates remain high. Nicotine, which is the major component of tobacco smoke, is thought to be primarily responsible for the addictive properties of tobacco. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine relapse...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.001
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Glutamatergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, so far there is limited direct evidence of altered in vivo glutamate concentrations in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. To test the hypothesis that altered glutamatergic neurotransmission might play a ro...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.041
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heterogeneity is a major obstacle in the search for biological substrates in schizophrenia. The positive and negative distinction, even if too simplistic, may improve our understanding of underlying processes. Frontostriatal deficits have been related to negative symptoms, while dysfunction of the dominant temporal lo...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)00205-H
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This multicenter, randomized, fixed-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated efficacy of extended-release dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH-ER) in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS:Randomized adults with ADHD (n=221) received once-daily d-MPH-ER 20 mg, 30 mg, or 40 m...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.032
更新日期：2007-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) have not reported on gray matter volumes but have reported increased lateral ventricular size and presence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We studied gray matter volume, ventricular-to-brain ratios (VBR), and num...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.039
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of individual plasma proteins on the binding of 3H-imipramine (3H-IMI) was investigated, using rat cerebral membranes as the binding site source. Addition of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (aAGLP) to an incubation medium containing 4 nm 3H-IMI resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of 3H-IMI binding, w...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(86)90261-1
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A nutritional survey, the Pittsburgh Appetite Test (PAT), was developed to study potential changes in appetite and food preference reported by patients during a depressive episode and during antidepressant treatment. We examined a group of 50 depressed outpatients who were drug-free for 2 weeks prior to treatment with...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(87)90180-6
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cognitive reappraisal is a form of emotion regulation that alters emotional responding by changing the meaning of emotional stimuli. Reappraisal engages regions of the prefrontal cortex that support multiple functions, including visceral control functions implicated in regulating the immune system. Immune ac...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.012
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Psychological stress and trauma are risk factors for several medical and psychiatric illnesses. Recent studies have implicated advanced cellular aging as a potential mechanism of this association. Telomeres, DNA repeats that cap the ends of chromosomes and promote stability, shorten progressively with each c...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.014
更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00
