The question of long-range allosteric transitions in DNA.

Abstract:

:The question of long-range allosteric transitions of DNA secondary structure and their possible involvement in transcriptional activation is discussed in the light of new results. A variety of recent evidence strongly supports a fluctuating long-range description of DNA secondary structure. Balanced equilibria between two or more different secondary structures, and the occurrence of very large domain sizes, have been documented in several instances. Long-range allosteric effects stemming from changes in sequence or secondary structure over a small region of the DNA have been observed to extend over distances up to hundreds of base pairs in some cases. The discovery that coherent bending strain beyond a threshold level in small (N < or = 250 base pairs (bp)] circular DNAs significantly alters the DNA secondary structure has important implications, especially for transcriptional activators that either bend the DNA directly or are involved in the formation of DNA loops of sufficiently small size (N < or = 250 bp). Whether the RNA polymerase is activated primarily via protein: protein contacts, as is widely believed, or instead via a bend-induced allosteric transition of the DNA in such a small loop, is now an open question. Binding of the transcriptional activator Sp1 to linear DNA induces a remarkably long-range change in its secondary structure, and catabolite activator protein binding to a supercoiled DNA behaves similarly, though possibly for different reasons. Compelling evidence for a bend-induced long-range structural transmission effect of the transcriptional activator integration host factor on RNA polymerase activity was recently reported. These results may augur a new paradigm in which allosteric transitions of duplex DNA, as well as of the proteins, are involved in the regulation of transcription.

journal_name

Biopolymers

journal_title

Biopolymers

authors

Schurr JM,Delrow JJ,Fujimoto BS,Benight AS

doi

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(1997)44:3<283::AID-BIP7>3.

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1997-01-01 00:00:00

pages

283-308

issue

3

eissn

0006-3525

issn

1097-0282

pii

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(1997)44:3<283::AID-BIP7>3.

journal_volume

44

pub_type

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