Abstract:
:The process of studying dynamic three-dimensional samples has a long history in biological research. Recent advances in hardware and software have made it easier to visualise and record interior detail from multiple focal planes of three-dimensional samples as they change over time (four-dimensional imaging). Once captured, it is possible to watch these events repeatedly and to analyse them in numerous ways. This article discusses the history of and the hardware necessary to perform 4D experiments, the various techniques that make 4D imaging possible, and the applications and various options for 4D-image analysis.
journal_name
Trends Biotechnoljournal_title
Trends in biotechnologyauthors
Thomas CF,White JGdoi
10.1016/s0167-7799(97)01169-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-01 00:00:00pages
175-82issue
4eissn
0167-7799issn
1879-3096pii
S0167-7799(97)01169-4journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The diffusion of genetically modified (GM) animals has generated a demand for accurate and unique identification to assure compliance with relevant national and international legislation. Individual identification of GM animals is essential to improve safety and traceability, as well as to fulfill the present and futu...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.02.001
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrational spectroscopy using both infrared and Raman spectroscopies has been used in recent years with the aim to aid clinicians in disease diagnosis. More recently, these techniques have been applied to study stem cell differentiation and to determine stem cell presence in tissues. These studies have demonstrated t...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.03.002
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generation of genetically engineered (GE) foods has been raising several concerns and controversies that divide not only the general public but also the scientific community. The fear and importance of the new technology, as well as commercial interests, have supported many of the ongoing discussions. The recent i...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
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abstract::Patterned regular sieves and filters with comparable molecular dimensions hold great promise as an alternative to conventional polymeric gels and fibrous membranes to improve biomolecule separation. Recent developments of microfabricated nanofluidic sieves and filters have demonstrated superior performance for both an...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.02.009
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegenerative diseases are of major socioeconomic importance and represent an enormous challenge for the scientific and medical communities. Advances in molecular genetics during the past decade have begun to provide approaches for the establishment of animal models for these disorders using transgenic technology....
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(97)01066-4
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abstract::The ability to detect single-base changes is of fundamental importance in molecular genetics. This is particularly true in human genetics, where interest in linking mutations of identified genes to particular disease phenotypes is most intense, and where a demand exists for clinical diagnosis of defined mutations. In ...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0167-7799(93)90135-V
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.10.004
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.04.006
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.05.001
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are prepared by creating a three-dimensional polymeric matrix around a template molecule. After the matrix is removed, complementary cavities with respect to shape and functional groups remain. MIPs have been produced for applications in in vitro diagnostics, therapeutics and sepa...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.08.006
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unbalanced production of atmospheric CO(2) constitutes a major challenge to global sustainability. Technologies have thus been developed for enhanced biological carbon fixation (also referred to as CO(2) mitigation), and one of the most promising capitalizes on microalgae. However, the "best bioreactor", which would b...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.04.004
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of antibodies or antibody fragments for targeting tumors (either for tumor imaging or as carriers for drugs or toxins), has encountered problems of clearance, and non-specific or inefficient binding in clinical trials. A novel approach, linking two antibody variable fragments (Fvs), with a short peptide to gen...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0167-7799(91)90044-i
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The free-radical gas nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in a wide and diverse range of physiological processes. As progress is made in understanding the biological function of NO, there is growing interest in the possibility that inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS) may be of clinical use in the therapy of certain d...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(00)88908-8
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins found in nature have traditionally been the most frequently used biocatalysts to produce numerous natural products ranging from commodity chemicals to pharmaceuticals. Protein engineering has emerged as a powerful biotechnological toolbox in the development of metabolic engineering, particularly for the biosy...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.008
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting apoptotic cell death pathways provides wide-ranging opportunities for the discovery and development of novel drugs. Some targeted therapies that selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells are already marketed, and numerous pro-apoptotic drugs for treating cancer are currently being developed. The anti-apop...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2003.08.006
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complex environment in the bladder weakens the efficacy of intravesical therapy. Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems are poised to revolutionize the delivery of therapeutic agents to bladder lesion sites. This forum article highlights the prospective applications of hydrogels as drug reservoirs in treating chroni...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.012
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acidity is a biomarker of cancer that is not subject to the blunting clonal selection effects that reduce the efficacy of other biomarker technologies, such as antibody targeting. The pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIP®s) provide new opportunities for targeting acidic tissues. Through the physical mechanism of membran...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.03.014
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytokine research has yielded a range of products which have now reached the stage of clinical trials and a plethora of novel therapeutics may be expected. Recently, cytokine receptors have also become an area of intensive research. Preliminary results indicate that recombinant soluble receptors can interfere with the...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0167-7799(90)90213-h
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial exopolysaccharides such as xanthan and dextran have been commercial products for many years; the search for new gelling agents has yielded gellan. Exopolysaccharides have many other novel properties to offer, and the discovery of immune modulation and tumouristasis by beta-D-glucans, and the use of bacterial...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(97)01139-6
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spatial distribution of molecules and cells is fundamental to understanding biological systems. Traditionally, microscopies based on electromagnetic waves such as visible light have been used to localize cellular components by direct visualization. However, these techniques suffer from limitations of transmissibil...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.06.001
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Along with the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology tools, various microbes are being used to produce aromatic chemicals. In microbes, aromatics are mainly produced via a common important precursor, chorismate, in the shikimate pathway. Natural or non-natural aromatics have been produced by engin...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.05.006
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00170-7
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(00)88986-6
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Europe the commercialization of food derived from genetically modified plants has been slow because of the complex regulatory process and the concerns of consumers. Risk assessment is focused on potential adverse effects on humans and the environment, which could result from unintended effects of genetic modificati...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.01.009
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stem cell differentiation is regulated by the complex interplay of multiple parameters, including adhesive intercellular interactions, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix remodeling, and gradients of agonists and antagonists that individually and collectively vary as a function of spatial locale and temporal stages ...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
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doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.11.001
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of targets that are sufficiently robust to yield marketable therapeutics is an enormous challenge. Through the years, several approaches have been used with varying degrees of success. These include target-independent screening of tumor-derived cell lines (disease-dependent), reductionist approaches to i...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
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更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanobacteria promise to be an important industrial platform for the production of a variety of biobased products such as fuels, plastics, and isoprenoids. Recent advances in synthetic biology have resulted in various cyanobacterial strain improvements. Nevertheless, these new strains are still hampered by product inh...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.11.006
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rice is the staple diet of more than three billion people. Yields must double over the next 40 years if we are to sustain the nutritional needs of the ever-expanding global population. Between 10% and 30% of the annual rice harvest is lost due to infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Evaluation of gen...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.12.002
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tremendous advances in our understanding of the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) have been made through the use of animal models. However, there are limitations inherent in many of the current models that use either nonhuman primates, or viruses other than HIV-1. Researchers continue to search for improved models...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(00)88925-8
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wheat is one of the major staple food crops grown worldwide; however, productivity in cereal crops has not kept pace with the world population growth. A significant increase in wheat production (>40% by 2020) is needed simply to keep up with the growing demand. This increase is unlikely to be achieved by conventional ...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.04.008
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00