Abstract：
:We review the literature on the familial resemblance of body mass index (BMI) and other adiposity measures and find strikingly convergent results for a variety of relationships. Results from twin studies suggest that genetic factors explain 50 to 90% of the variance in BMI. Family studies generally report estimates of parent-offspring and sibling correlations in agreement with heritabilities of 20 to 80%. Data from adoption studies are consistent with genetic factors accounting for 20 to 60% of the variation in BMI. Based on data from more than 25,000 twin pairs and 50,000 biological and adoptive family members, the weighted mean correlations are .74 for MZ twins, .32 for DZ twins, .25 for siblings, .19 for parent-offspring pairs, .06 for adoptive relatives, and .12 for spouses. Advantages and disadvantages of twin, family, and adoption studies are reviewed. Data from the Virginia 30,000, including twins and their parents, siblings, spouses, and children, were analyzed using a structural equation model (Stealth) which estimates additive and dominance genetic variance, cultural transmission, assortative mating, nonparental shared environment, and special twin and MZ twin environmental variance. Genetic factors explained 67% of the variance in males and females, of which half is due to dominance. A small proportion of the genetic variance was attributed to the consequences of assortative mating. The remainder of the variance is accounted for by unique environmental factors, of which 7% is correlated across twins. No evidence was found for a special MZ twin environment, thereby supporting the equal environment assumption. These results are consistent with other studies in suggesting that genetic factors play a significant role in the causes of individual differences in relative body weight and human adiposity.
journal_name
Behav Genetjournal_title
Behavior geneticsauthors
Maes HH,Neale MC,Eaves LJdoi
10.1023/a:1025635913927subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-07-01 00:00:00pages
325-51issue
4eissn
0001-8244issn
1573-3297journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The role of the period of the environmental cycle during gestation and infancy on the circadian period of adult hamsters was studied. Tau-mutant hamsters of all three genotypes (+/+, 24-h circadian period; +/tau, 22-h period; tau/tau, 20-h period) were conceived and raised under either a 20-h light-dark cycle or a 24-...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1021428209122
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current behavior genetic models can only employ limited types of phenotypic data, such as Likert scale data or continuous data, as variables. Here, a new method employing paired comparison data is presented within the framework of behavior genetic models. This model facilitates the estimation of genetic, shared enviro...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-007-9183-y
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibitory control (IC) is a dimension of child temperament that emerges in toddlerhood and involves the ability to regulate behavior in response to instructions or expectations. In general, children with low levels of IC have more cognitive and social difficulties, and higher levels of problem behaviors. Unfortunatel...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-009-9316-6
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interpretation of studies using single gene mutants is complicated by possible epistatic interactions with genetic background. Dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2) knockout mice on a C57BL/6 (B6) background show decreased basal locomotion, ethanol preference and ethanol-induced ataxia. Epistatic interactions were studied by ex...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1023450625826
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we provide a detailed description of the genome-wide information available on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) sibling pair subsample (Harris et al. in Twin Res Hum Genet 16:391-398, 2013). A total of 2,020 samples were genotyped (including duplicates) arising from 1946 A...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-014-9692-4
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging data, we examined the interrelationships between eight cerebral lobar volumetric measures via both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in a large sample (N = 484) of pediatric twins and singletons. These analyses suggest the presence of strong genetic correlati...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-010-9332-6
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substantial progress has been made recently in analyses of longitudinal twin and family data, principally for two reasons. The first is the continuing development of more refined models for describing longitudinal data; the second is the widespread availability of analytic methods (e.g. LISREL) with which to implement...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01067000
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new assay was designed, named checker, that measures the individual response to light in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster larva. In this assay the Drosophila larva apparently modulates its pattern of locomotion when faced with a choice between a dark and lit environment by orienting its movement towards the dark...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1002090627601
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the course of the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey (EFPTS), handedness was assessed as part of a genealogical study (Meulemans et al., 1995) in 1616 twins (808 twin pairs) aged 6 to 28. Our findings are that, in this large population-based study with known placentation and zygosity, the often observed higher f...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02359484
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of the maternal environment on intermale aggression was studied by means of embryo transfer of genetically selected aggressive (SAL) and nonaggressive wild house mice (LAL), and their reciprocal F1's, to standard (NMR1) females. No effect was found on the attack latency scores (ALS), i.e., aggression: all g...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02359756
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Males from the fifty selected generation of a selection program for aggressiveness in female Mus musculus (Ebert and Hyde, 1976) were tested to determine whether male aggressiveness showed a correlated response in selection for female aggressiveness. The results indicated that male aggression had not shown a correlate...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01065699
更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reading difficulties are both heritable and stable; however, little is known about the etiology of this stability. Results from a preliminary analysis of data from 56 twin pairs who participated in the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study of Reading Disability (Astrom et al., Twin Res Hum Genet 10:434-439, 2007) suggested...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-011-9445-6
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among three sibling species of the D. melanogaster subgroup, two are generalists (D. simulans and D. mauritiana), while the third, D. sechellia, specializes on a single toxic resource, the fruit of Morinda citrifolia. D. sechellia, resistant to the toxics, prefers to oviposit on morinda; D. simulans, which is very sen...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01076179
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twin studies are useful for assessing the relative importance of genetic or heritable component from the environmental component. In this paper we develop a methodology to study the heritability of age-at-onset or lifespan traits, with application to analysis of twin survival data. Due to limited period of observation...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-007-9150-7
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results obtained from previous studies of word recognition, reading component skills, and reading composite measures suggest that genetic factors may be more important as a cause for reading disability among children with higher IQ scores than among those with lower IQ scores. To investigate the genetic etiology of re...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1016069012111
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elucidating the causes of population divergence, and ultimately speciation, is a central objective of evolutionary biology. A number of previous studies of Drosophila populations from the Nahal Oren canyon (Mt Carmel, Israel) revealed significant interslope differences for a complex of fitness and behavioral traits. P...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-005-6119-2
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a repeated-measures, genetic analysis of ethanol-induced anesthesia (sleep time) in mice from the inbred long-sleep (ILS) and short-sleep (ISS) strains of mice and their derived F1 and F2 generations. Mice (total N > 1300) were administered a 4.1 g/kg intraperitoneal dose of ethanol at two times, 7 to 10 da...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02197243
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The zebrafish enjoys several advantages over other model organisms. It is small, easy to maintain, prolific, and numerous genetic tools are available for it. For example, forward genetic screens have allowed investigators to identify important genes potentially involved in a variety of functions from embryogenesis to ...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-016-9818-y
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social aggregations of free-ranging cattle were studied in the Sonoran Desert of Mexico. Cows reared with animals of their own breed in isolation from other breeds maintained segregated social groups. Cows raised together in a mixed herd containing other breeds allied themselves with herd-mates regardless of breed. Ca...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01065562
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To extend Purcell's well known ACE model in testing gene by measured environment interactions (GxM) in behavior genetic designs, Rathouz et al. considered a broader class of models for quantifying and testing such interactions. Only a sub-group of these extended models have been investigated for their statistical oper...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-015-9710-1
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The conditioned and reflex parameters in rat lines selected for the threshold of excitability (a fundamental characteristics of the functional state of the nervous system) were estimated. This measure is based on the response of the tibial nerve to electrical stimulation, which gives a general indication of the level ...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01067986
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extreme sampling of sibling pairs has been shown to be efficient in terms of statistical power and sample sizes (in number of sibling pairs needed to genotype) to detect a quantitative trait locus (QTL) when the residual distribution is normal. In the present study, the efficiency of extreme sampling strategies to det...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1014403827957
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The amygdala integrates and coordinates emotional and autonomic responses. The genetics that underlie variation in amygdala structure may be coupled to variation in levels of aggression, fear, anxiety, and affiliated behaviors. We systematically quantified the volume and cell populations of the basolateral amygdala co...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-006-9122-3
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies suggest that brain opioid activity decreases aggression in animal models. The main objective of the current study was to examine the possible genetic relationship between intermale aggression and brain levels of enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins in 11 inbred strains of mice. Pursuit, rattling, a...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1025774716976
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voluntary physical activity may be related to personality traits. Here, we investigated these relations in two mouse lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior and in one non-selected control line. Selection lines were more explorative and "information gathering" in the open-field test, either wi...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-010-9359-8
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic and environmental determinants of self-reported alcohol consumption were investigated in a sample of 2513 twin pairs who were first assessed at age 16 and were followed-up at age 17. At age 16, 77% of the sample was drinking, and 65% of drinkers reported drinking to intoxication. Both drinking and drinking to ...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1021631122461
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A complimentary two-phase strategy was used to detect and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the basal locomotor response to a saline challenge (10 ml/kg). In phase 1, putative QTLs, significant at p < 0.01 or better, were identified by analysis of the strain means for 25 strains of the B x D recombina...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1001963906258
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on the reviewed literature and the data presented in this paper, conclusions can be drawn with respect to the validity of the WAG/Rij strain of rats as a model for absence epilepsy in humans. The view that the WAG/Rij model has "face validity" is supported by the simultaneous presence of clinical and electroence...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1026179013847
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We developed a zygosity questionnaire for use in young twins and assessed its validity using the results of DNA diagnosis. The participants were divided into two groups: 105 pairs of adolescent twins (12-16 years old), 47 pairs of child twins (2-12 years old), and their respective parents. The DNA diagnosis of zygosit...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1021660506222
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In epidemiological and twin populations, prior interview studies have identified an externalizing spectrum of disorders. Could this be detected utilizing objective registry data? In 20,603 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Registry, we obtained information from national medical, criminal and pharmacy records on drug ab...
journal_title：Behavior genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10519-015-9741-7
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
