Abstract：
:Among the waterfowl affected by white phosphorus (P4) at a military base in Alaska are tundra (Cygnus columbianus) and trumpeter (C. buccinator) swans. To estimate the toxicity of P4 to swans and compare the toxic effects to those of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), we dosed 30 juvenile mute swans (C. olor) with 0 to 5.28 mg P4/kg body weight. The calculated LD50 was 3.65 mg/kg (95% CI: 1.40 to 4. 68 mg/kg). However, many of the swans still had P4 in their gizzards after dying, as determined by "smoking gizzards" and characteristic odor, and a lower LD50 might be calculated if all of the P4 had passed into the small intestines. We attribute the retention of P4 in swans to the possibility that P4 pellets were mistaken for the similarly sized grit in their gizzards. Most swans took 1 to 4.5 days to die in contrast to the few hours normally required in mallards and death appeared to be related more to liver dysfunction than to hemolysis. White phosphorus affected several plasma constituents, most notably elevated aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase.
journal_name
Arch Environ Contam Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicologyauthors
Sparling DW,Day D,Klein Pdoi
10.1007/s002449900477subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-04-01 00:00:00pages
316-22issue
3eissn
0090-4341issn
1432-0703journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In vivo and in vitro experiments elicited different responses to ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) of gill and mantle Na,K-ATPase and ouabain-insensitive Na-ATPase activities in the Philippine clam Tapes philippinarum. Short-term (120 h) exposed clams to sublethal ammonia-N (NH(3)+NH (4) (+) ) concentrations (1.5 and 3.0 m...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-007-9102-5
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sediment and water samples collected from 8 sites of the Yangtze River in Nanjing section were characterized with 31 congeners of polychlorodibenzothiophenes (PCDTs). Concentrations and percentage compositions of these PCDTs in water and sediments were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed t...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-015-0159-2
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of short-term exposure (28 days) of free-feeding Limnonectus limnocharis (Indian cricket frog) tadpoles to field concentrations of malathion were investigated. This frog species is a major biotic component of the agroecosystems of the Western Ghats (13 degrees 18', 75 degrees 25' and 13 degrees 22', 75 deg...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-006-0015-5
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Embryos of fathead minnows were more resistant to phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol (2,4-DMP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) than were larval or juvenile life stages. Growth of 28-day-old fish was the most sensitive indicator of stress during exposures to phenol, 2,4-DMP, and PCP, whereas survival...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01055189
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many studies that investigate the toxic effects of pollutants on earthworms, experiments are performed using only one species of earthworms, most commonly the Eisenia species. However, the differences in sensitivities of different earthworm species could potentially lead to an underestimation of environmental aspec...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-013-9930-4
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Earlier incubation and greenhouse studies in our laboratory confirmed the effectiveness of drinking-water treatment residual (WTR) in decreasing soil arsenic (As) bioaccessibility as determined with in vitro tests, which led us to hypothesize a similar outcome if animal studies were to be conducted. Our objective was ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-009-9318-7
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Franz diffusion experiments with human skin combined with work-clothing fabric have shown that skin exposure to pesticides is reduced by the presence of traditional nonbarrier textiles. This study was undertaken to obtain further information about the reduction in exposure using traditional work-clothing fabrics that ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449900359
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the metabolic suppression of hippuric acid (HA) occurs in field workers coexposed to toluene, xylene and ethyl benzene. Eleven male spray painters were recruited into this study and monitored for 2 weeks using a repeated-measures study design. The sampling was condu...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-006-0084-5
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study established the influence of dietary neomycin sulphate on the rate of hydrolysis of ochratoxin A (OA) by digesta from the intestine, and its effect on the excretion of OA and its hydrolyzed metabolite, alpha ochratoxin (O alpha), in the urine and feces of the rat. The first in vitro study demonstrated that ...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00203811
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-006-0004-8
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although Antarctica is considered one of the most pristine areas on Earth, an accelerating human presence in this remote continent, such as scientific operations and functioning of numerous scientific stations, logistics, and tourism activities, has increased the risks of environmental impacts in recent decades. Durin...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-021-00808-4
更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00
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doi：10.1007/s00244-003-2217-4
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00203801
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
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更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-015-0198-8
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-007-9027-z
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have become an ubiquitous upper soil component as a consequence of industrialization involving a multitude of combustion processes. Ingestion of PAH contaminated soil is considered to be a major exposure route, specifically for small children living on these soils. Health risk as...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449900259
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01146160
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01054881
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-012-9864-2
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449910054
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00244-009-9366-z
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mussel Anodontites trapesialis (Lam, 1819) was used as an indicator of organochlorine pollutants in the Pardo River, located in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto (21 degrees 07'S and 47 degrees 45'W), State of São Paulo, Brazil. Biological monitoring was performed for one year at the site of a sugar cane grove on...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00216244
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothioneins with differing Cd/Zn ratios were prepared in vitro from rat liver zinc-thionein by replacing zinc with cadmium and were injected intraperitoneally to female rats. The distribution of cadmium, zinc, and copper in the kidney supernatant fraction was determined using a Sephadex G-75 column. The distribut...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01055143
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pea Patch Island in Delaware Bay is the site of the largest heronry north of Florida. From 1989-93, the population of nine species of wading birds numbered approximately 12,000 pairs, but has recently declined to about 7,000 pairs. Because Delaware Bay is a major shipping channel and receives anthropogenic releases of...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002440010077
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Channel catfish (Ictalarus punctatus) were exposed to 0, 10, 20, and 40% bleached kraft pulp and paper mill effluent (BKME) for up to two weeks. Fish were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of exposure. Blood, liver, and gill tissues were assayed for biochemical responses associated with oxidative stress (superoxide d...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01064409
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fish from western Lake Superior (1972-73) contained DDT and PCB residues at concentrations greater than o.1 ppm. The most predominant PCB's were those containing 3 to 6 chlorine atoms per molecule, and GLC data indicated that the mixtures were most like the commercial product Aroclor 1254(2). Other chlorinated contimi...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02220927
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acute effects of both untreated and dispersant-treated Prudhoe Bay crude oil on the early life-stages of three marine species were investigated. Identification of which water-accommodated fraction (undispersed or chemically dispersed) was considered "more toxic" was dependent on species, time, and endpoint (and by...
journal_title：Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002449900302
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
