Abstract:
:If a laterally displacing prism is placed in front of one eye of a person or monkey with the other eye occluded, they initially will point to one side of a target that is located directly in front of them. Normally, people and monkeys adapt easily to the displaced vision and correct their aim after a few trials. If the prism then is removed, there is a postadaptation shift in which the subject misses the target and points in the opposite direction for a few trials. We tested five Macaque monkeys for their ability to adapt to a laterally displacing prism and to show the expected postadaptation shift. When tested as normals, all five animals showed the typical pattern of adaptation and postadaptation shift. Like human subjects, the monkeys also showed complete interocular transfer of the adaptation but no transfer of the adaptation between the two arms. When preoperative training and testing was complete, we made lesions of various target areas on the cerebellar cortex. A cerebellar lesion that included the dorsal paraflocculus and uvula abolished completely the normal prism adaptation for the arm ipsilateral to the lesion in one of the five monkeys. The other four animals retained the ability to prism-adapt normally and showed the expected postadaptation shift. In the one case in which the lesion abolished prism adaptation, the damage included Crus I and II, paramedian lobule and the dorsal paraflocculus of the cerebellar hemispheres as well as lobule IX, of the vermis. Thus in this case, the lesion included virtually all the cerebellar cortex that receives mossy-fiber visual information relayed via the pontine nuclei from the cerebral cortex. The other four animals had damage to lobule V, the classical anterior lobe arm area and/or vermian lobules VI/VII, the oculomotor region. When tested postoperatively, some of these animals showed a degree of ataxia equivalent to that of the case in which prism adaptation was affected, but prism adaptation and the postadaptation shift remained normal. We conclude that in addition to its role in long-term motor learning and reflex adaptation, the region of the cerebellum that was ablated also may be a critical site for a short-term motor memory. Prism adaptation seems to involve a region of the cerebellum that receives a mossy-fiber visual error signal and probably a corollary discharge of the movement.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Baizer JS,Kralj-Hans I,Glickstein Mdoi
10.1152/jn.1999.81.4.1960subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-04-01 00:00:00pages
1960-5issue
4eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Animals and human beings sense and react to real/potential dangerous stimuli. However, the supraspinal mechanisms relating noxious sensing and nocifensive behavior are mostly unknown. The collateralization and spatial organization of interrelated neurons are important determinants of coordinated network function. Here...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00603.2015
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In the European rock lobster, Homarus gammarus, two bilaterally symmetrical pairs of commissural neurons, P and commissural pyloric (CP), evoke excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the neurons of the pyloric motor network. The present paper shows that the two commissural neurons also exert a modulatory control ove...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.6.2490
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study of chronic incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) subjects investigated patterns of central motor drive (i.e., central activation) of the plantar flexors using interpolated twitches, and modulation of soleus H-reflexes during lengthening, isometric, and shortening muscle actions. In a recent study of the knee ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01074.2014
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The problem of how the hippocampus encodes both spatial and nonspatial information at the cellular network level remains largely unresolved. Spatial memory is widely modeled through the theoretical framework of attractor networks, but standard computational models can only represent spaces that are much smaller than t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00856.2015
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and multichannel probes, we studied hemoglobin (Hb) concentration changes when single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the left hemisphere primary motor cortex (M1). Seventeen measurement probes were centered over left M1. Subjects were studied in b...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00980.2011
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vestibular system plays a critical role in detection of head movements and is essential for normal postural control. Because of their anatomical proximity to the cochlea, the otolith organs are selectively exposed to sound pressure and are at risk for noise overstimulation. Clinical reports suggest a link between ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00668.2017
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. GABAergic mechanisms in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) have been proposed to control the activity of descending antinociceptive systems and defensive behavior. Here, the effect of neuronal disinhibition by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor blockade at midbrain sites on spinal neuronal responses to no...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.1.33
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brief movements of a large-field visual stimulus elicit short-latency tracking eye movements termed "ocular following responses" (OFRs). To address the question of whether OFRs can be elicited by purely binocular motion signals in the absence of monocular motion cues, we measured OFRs from monkeys using dichoptic moti...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01316.2007
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamate, the neurotransmitter, enhances rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep when microinjected into the brain stem pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) of the cat and rat. Glutamate and its various receptors are normally present in the PPT cholinergic cell compartment. The aim of this study was to identify which specific rec...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00763.2001
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinal degeneration (rd) leads to progressive photoreceptor cell death, resulting in vision loss. Stimulation of the inner-retinal neurons by neuroprosthetic implants is one of the clinically approved vision-restoration strategies, providing basic visual percepts to blind patients. However, little is understood as to...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01095.2015
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used electrophysiological techniques to document segmental differences in the pathways between the giant, escape command axons, lateral giants (LG) and medial giants (MG), and the nongiant, fast flexor (FF) motoneurons. We found no difference in the input from LG and MG axons to FF motoneurons in the posterior...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.53.1.252
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of the 5-HT(1Apl(a)) receptor in Aplysia pleural sensory neurons inhibited 5-HT-mediated translocation of the novel PKC Apl II in sensory neurons and prevented PKC-dependent synaptic facilitation at sensory to motoneuron synapses (Nagakura et al. 2010). We now demonstrate that the ability of inhibitory rece...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00767.2011
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fastigial oculomotor region is the output by which the medioposterior cerebellum influences the generation of saccades. Recent inactivation studies reported observations suggesting an involvement in their dynamics (velocity and duration). In this work, we tested this hypothesis in the head-restrained monkey with t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01021.2014
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of studies were carried out to investigate the role of the cerebellar flocculus and ventral paraflocculus in the ability to voluntarily cancel the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). Squirrel monkeys were trained to pursue moving visual targets and to fixate a head stationary or earth stationary target during passi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.3.1599
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The heart of the nudibranch mollusc Archidoris montereyensis is uniquely responsive to regulation by identifiable cardiac motor neurons. The neurotransmitters mediating the strong excitatory and inhibitory actions of the neurons are unknown. 2. In this study we developed an infused, in vitro preparation of the Arch...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.4.1639
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model is developed for simulation of action potential propagation through a single branch point of a myelinated nerve fiber with a parent branch bifurcating into two identical daughter branches. This model is based on a previously published multi-layer compartmental model for single unbranched myelinate...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.197
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poststroke pain syndrome (PSPS) is an often intractable disorder characterized by hemiparesis associated with unrelenting chronic pain. Although traditional analgesics have largely failed, integrative approaches targeting affective-cognitive spheres have started to show promise. Recently, we demonstrated that deep bra...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1152/jn.00830.2017
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A voluntary contraction of muscles with one arm increases the excitability of corticospinal projections to the contralateral resting arm, a phenomenon known as crossed facilitation. Although many motor tasks engage simultaneous activation of the arm and trunk, interactions between corticospinal projections targeting t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00178.2018
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multimodal sensory integration facilitates the generation of a unified and coherent perception of the environment. It is now well established that unimodal sensory perceptions, such as vision, are improved in multisensory contexts. Whereas multimodal integration is primarily performed by dedicated multisensory brain r...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00069.2019
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Using patch-clamp methods, we show that brief prepulses to very positive voltages increase (facilitate) the amplitude of current through Ca2+ channels during a subsequent test pulse in some, but not all, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. The amplitude of this facilitated current generally increases when t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.5.1793
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Action potential initiation and conduction along peripheral axons is a dynamic process that displays pronounced activity dependence. In patients with neuropathic pain, differences in the modulation of axonal conduction velocity by activity suggest that this property may provide insight into some of the pathomechanisms...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00777.2012
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Retzius (R) neurons of the fifth and sixth segmental ganglia of the leech, called R(5,6) neurons are specialized to innervate the adjacent reproductive organs and are morphologically and functionally distinct from R neurons of standard ganglia [R(x) cells]. In this study the electrical properties of the R(x) and R(...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.3.957
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence implicates the superior colliculus (SC) in cognitive processes, such as target selection and control of spatial attention, in addition to the execution of saccadic eye movements. We report here the presence of a cognitive response in some cells in the SC in a task that requires the long-term associatio...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01071.2005
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unitary discharge patterns (peristimulus time histograms or PSTH) and synaptic events were studies with intracellular recording techniques in 164 cat cochlear nucleus cells to steady-frequency tone bursts 250 ms in duration. There were four response types defined on the basis of the shape of the discharge patterns to ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1976.39.1.162
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::GSG1L is an AMPA receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary subunit that regulates AMPAR trafficking and function in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. However, its physiological roles in other types of neurons remain to be characterized. Here, we investigated the role of GSG1L in hippocampal dentate granule cells and found that GSG1...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00307.2016
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A quantal analysis of transmission at the identified molluscan synapse, V2-RPr1, was performed during development. The study was intended to determine the pre- and postsynaptic contributions to the marked changes in transmitter release described in the previous report. 2. The success of the quantal analysis was pre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.6.2211
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The pteropod mollusk Clione limacina swims by rhythmical oscillations of two wings, and its spatial orientation during locomotion is determined by tail movements. The majority of neurons responsible for generation of the wing and tail movements are located in the pedal ganglia. On the other hand, the majority of se...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.5.1912
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Compartmental modeling experiments were carried out in an anatomically characterized neocortical pyramidal cell to study the integrative behavior of a complex dendritic tree containing active membrane mechanisms. Building on a previously presented hypothesis, this work provides further support for a novel principle...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.3.1086
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contact-evoked changes in EMG activity during human grasp. 2215 Cutaneous receptors in the digits discharge bursts of activity on contact with an object during human grasp. In this study, we investigated the contribution of this sensory activity to the responses of muscles involved in the task. Twelve subjects perform...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2215
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A quantitative analysis of facilitation during the kindling stimulation to the amygdala was conducted by measuring the area between the excitatory potential and the baseline in the averaged tetanic response recorded at the entorhinal cortex. The changes in facilitation were then compared with the development of ele...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.2.602
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00