Abstract:
:Attention and memory performances were studied in Persian Gulf War veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses. Veterans diagnosed with PTSD showed relative performance deficiencies on tasks of sustained attention, mental manipulation, initial acquisition of information, and retroactive interference. Their performances were also characterized by errors of commission and intrusion. The tendency toward response disinhibition and intrusion on cognitive tasks was correlated positively with reexperiencing symptoms and negatively with avoidance-numbing symptoms. These cognitive deficit patterns are consistent with models of PTSD that emphasize the role of hyperarousal and implicate dysfunction of frontal-subcortical systems. Results suggest that intrusion of traumatic memories in PTSD may not be limited to trauma-related cognitions but instead reflects a more general pattern of disinhibition.
journal_name
Neuropsychologyjournal_title
Neuropsychologyauthors
Vasterling JJ,Brailey K,Constans JI,Sutker PBdoi
10.1037//0894-4105.12.1.125subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
125-33issue
1eissn
0894-4105issn
1931-1559journal_volume
12pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章相关文献
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY文献大全abstract::Attentional problems are a common sequelae of closed-head injury (CHI). Research in the area of selective attention has pointed to the role of inhibitory mechanisms in the suppression of irrelevant information. In the current study, a negative priming paradigm was used to assess the inhibitory mechanisms of individual...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0894-4105.14.2.310
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:HIV infection and current substance use (SU) are linked to cognitive and functional deficits, yet findings on their combined effects are mixed. Neurocognitive intraindividual variability, measured as dispersion of scores across a neuropsychological battery, is associated with worse cognitive outcomes and func...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000612
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extremes of birth weight and preterm birth are known to result in a host of adverse outcomes, yet studies to date largely have used cross-sectional designs and variable-centered methods to understand long-term sequelae. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) that utilizes an integrated person- and variable-centered approac...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0015676
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined microstructural properties of cortical and subcortical gray matter components of the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) cortical-subcortical circuit in relation to parent-rated executive function and fine motor dexterity performance in youth with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM). Aberrant...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000266
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Reports an error in "Ipsilesional Neglect: Behavioral and Anatomical Correlates" by Daniela L. Sacchetti, Kelly M. Goedert, Anne L. Foundas and A. M. Barrett (Neuropsychology, Advanced Online Publication, Sep 1, 2014, np). The funding source information was missing from the author note, and A. M. Barrett's i...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1037/neu0000152
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Previous studies have reported deficits in decision making under ambiguity for patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). It is unknown whether mTLE is also associated with alterations at a predecisional stage. This study aimed to gain insight into predecisional processing of patients with mTLE. MET...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000229
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Individuals with the trinucleotide CAG expansion (CAG+) that causes Huntington's disease (HD) have impaired performance on antisaccade (AS) tasks that require directing gaze in the mirror opposite direction of visual targets. This study aimed to identify the neural substrates underlying altered antisaccadic p...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0021873
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To establish the magnitude of deficits in working memory (WM) and short-term memory (STM) in those with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to age-matched, healthy controls and to explore the moderating effects of time since injury and age at injury on these impairments. METHOD:Twenty-o...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/neu0000285
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Two-alternative forced-choice tasks are widely used to gain insight into specific areas of enhancement or impairment in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Data arising from these tasks have been used to support myriad theories regarding the integrity, or otherwise, of particular brain areas or c...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000320
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the great mysteries of the brain, which has puzzled all-time students of brain form and function, is the contralateral organization of the forebrain and the crossings of its major afferent and efferent connections. As a novel explanation, two recent studies have proposed that the rostral part of the head, inclu...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000163
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mental flexibility is required to track and systematically alternate between 2 response sets. In this study, 719 individuals, 20 to 89 years old, engaged in 3 different tasks that required verbal and nonverbal cognitive switching. Of importance, each task allowed for independent measurement of component skills that ar...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.3.345
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The literature on emotional processing in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients shows mixed results. This may be because of various methodological and/or patient-related differences, such as failing to adjust for cognitive functioning, depression, and/or mood. METHOD:In the current study, we tested PD patients a...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000371
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Few studies have attempted to describe the range of cognitive impairments in individuals with psychiatric disorders who experienced maltreatment as children. The aims of this meta-analysis were to establish the impact of maltreatment and psychiatric disorders on cognition, and to examine the change in impact ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/neu0000228
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition can be guided by familiarity, a restricted form of retrieval devoid of contextual recall, or by recollection, which occurs when retrieval is sufficient to support the full experience of remembering an episode. Recollection and familiarity were disentangled by testing recognition memory using silhouette obj...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.2.193
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Decreased processing speed in schizophrenia patients has been identified as a major impairment factor in various neuropsychological domains. Working memory span has been found to be involved in several deep or effortful cognitive processes. We investigated the impact that these 2 cognitive functions may have ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000394
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) on multisensory integration in relation to general neurocognitive functioning. METHOD:Children with a hospital admission for TBI aged between 6 and 13 years (n = 94) were compared with children with trauma control (TC) injuries (n = 39), whi...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000302
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the cognitive and neurochemical factors underlying learned irrelevance, one of the mechanisms thought to be responsible for attentional set-shifting deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD), were investigated. In a visual discrimination learning task, the extent to which a target dimension was irrelevant pr...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.5.578
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Stroop-analog task with faces and words was developed to investigate intrahemispheric and interhemispheric Stroop effects (SEs). Lateralized faces and words were used in an attempt to invoke right- and left-hemispheric specialization, respectively. A prototypical male face, female face, and baby face and the corresp...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0894-4105.14.4.579
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:A critical barrier to the understanding of disruptions to cognitive flexibility following sports-related concussion is the use of assessments that conflate shifts of visuospatial attention and contextual rules. Because these dissociable forms of cognitive flexibility are subserved by distinct neural networks,...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000475
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Executive dysfunctions in patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are often described but poorly understood. Specifically, research on patients' ability to flexibly shift between cognitive sets is still scarce and unsystematic. The present study set out to compensate for this lack by provi...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000218
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two divided visual field priming experiments were designed to determine the nature of lexical retrieval in the cerebral hemispheres by studying the facilitation of semantic features of unambiguous nouns. Unambiguous nouns have a single meaning, yet semantic features associated with these nouns may vary in the degree t...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0894-4105.13.3.389
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The current study examined whether year-to-year variability in cognitive performance differ between individuals cognitively unimpaired and individuals who subsequently develop dementia. METHOD:Analyses included a case-control sample of Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA; mean [M] age = 69.90, standa...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0028686
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) is a screening tool for the assessment of poststroke deficits in attention, memory, praxis, language, and number processing. The goal of the present study was to develop a Russian version of the OCS (Rus-OCS) via translation of the original battery, its cultural and linguisti...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000491
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Although reasoning and attention are 2 cognitive processes necessary for ensuring the efficiency of many everyday activities in older adults, the role of white matter integrity in these processes has been little studied. This is an important question due to the role of white matter integrity as a neural subst...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000264
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cognitive deficits in patients with Wilson's disease (WD) have been reported in several studies, but there was no detailed analysis of the various components of attention, one of the most significant factors of the executive system. Our study determined the pattern of deficits in attention subsystems in WD pa...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000103
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Individuals with semantic dementia (SD) have impaired autobiographical memory (AM), but the extent of the impairment has been controversial. According to one report (Westmacott, Leach, Freedman, & Moscovitch, 2001), patient performance was better when visual cues were used instead of verbal cues; however, the...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0021005
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The authors examined associations between complementary fronto-temporal structural brain measures (gyrification, cortical thickness) and neurocognitive profiles in a multimorbid, socially marginalized sample. METHOD:Participants were recruited from single-room occupancy hotels and a downtown community courth...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000304
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Configural processing in autism was studied in Experiment 1 by using the face inversion effect. A normal inversion effect was observed in the participants with autism, suggesting intact configural face processing. A priming paradigm using partial or complete faces served in Experiment 2 to assess both local and config...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.1.30
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two studies tested the specificity of the neurocognitive profile of women with fragile X syndrome (FXS). First, women with an FXS full mutation were compared with women with a premutation and women without FXS who grew up in FXS families. Women with FXS had a significantly lower IQ than the other groups, and analyses ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Semantic fluency tasks, with the categories of birds and furniture as stimuli, were administered to normal subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Normal subjects showed a gender-related double dissociation consistent with the literature data because men were more fluent with the birds category and women ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0894-4105.21.2.207
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00