Abstract:
:The use of physical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analysis permits the analysis of valuable details of the structure of dried samples of mid-cycle cervical mucus during the period of maximum ferning. From a crystallographic point of view, particular attention was paid to the location, morphology and chemical composition of anisotropic organic sulphate microstructures. As distinct from the isotropic sodium chloride pattern described by Papanicolaou, these appear in a narrow period of time corresponding to the middle of the period of maximum ferning. Anisotropic microstructures were revealed to be tiny isolated crystals or polycrystalline aggregates composed of double salts of potassium and sodium. The potassium/sodium cation ratio, equal to 3/1, was constant in the best specimens. Using a simple polarizing microscope, the detection of anisotropic microstructures may be useful to determine the period of maximum fertility more accurately. In addition, experiments have been carried out in order to determine the relative importance of sulphate anisotropic structures as compared with the whole crystallized surface and to investigate precisely their transience after they appear.
journal_name
Hum Reprod Updatejournal_title
Human reproduction updateauthors
Berthou J,Chrétien FCdoi
10.1093/humupd/3.4.347subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-07-01 00:00:00pages
347-58issue
4eissn
1355-4786issn
1460-2369journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The drug research and development (R&D) for endometriosis/adenomyosis has been painfully slow. Most completed clinical trials on endometriosis did not publish their results, and presumably failed. While few published trials did report how they foundered, the reasons why they failed are often completely uncle...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmy020
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1987, Nigel Harris cautioned against over-diagnosing the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In what was a rather prophetic editorial titled 'The Syndrome of the Black Swan', he suggested that while patients with APS do indeed exist, they are probably much more unusual than many medical professionals might like to bel...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1093/humupd/dms020
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of nuclear transfer (NT) has been proposed as a novel reproductive treatment to overcome the transmission of maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Pathogenic mutations in mtDNA can cause a wide-spectrum of life-limiting disorders, collectively known as mtDNA disease, for which the...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx018
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:First-trimester miscarriage affects up to a quarter of women worldwide. With many competing treatment options available, there is a need for a comprehensive evidence synthesis. OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE:We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of treat...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmz002
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects on reproductive tract development in male rats, of neonatal exposure to potent (reference) oestrogens, diethylstilboestrol (DES) and ethinyl oestradiol (EE), with those of two environmental oestrogens, octylphenol and hisphenol A were systematically compared. Other treatments, such as administration of a g...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/7.3.236
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Androgens, FSH, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol (E2) are essential in human ovarian folliculogenesis. However, the interactions between these four players is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE:The purpose of this review is to highlight the chronological sequence of the appearance and ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw027
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs in 1-3% of all couples trying to conceive. No consensus exists regarding when to perform testing for risk factors in couples with RPL. Some guidelines recommend testing if a patient has had two pregnancy losses whereas others advise to test after three losses. OBJECTIVE...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmz048
更新日期:2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::This review presents detailed risk estimates from relevant epidemiological and other studies on the comparative safety of second and third generation oral contraceptives (OC). Written with the intention of presenting a repository of the available information, it also discourses briefly into the symptomatology and diag...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.6.565
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malnutrition is a major problem in developing countries, and obesity and eating disorders are increasingly common in developing as well as developed countries. The reproductive axis is closely linked to nutritional status, especially undernutrition in the female, and inhibitory pathways involving detectors in the hind...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmk003
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Monoamines play important roles in decidualization, implantation, immune modulation and inflammation. Furthermore, monoamines are potent vasoactive mediators that regulate blood flow and capillary permeability. Regulation of the uterine blood flow is important both during menstruation and pregnancy. Adequate...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn048
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) produced by fetal Sertoli cells is responsible for regression of Müllerian ducts, the anlage for uterus and Fallopian tubes, during male sex differentiation. A member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, AMH signals through two transmembrane receptors, type II which is speci...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi014
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether the addition of GnRH agonist for luteal support in ICSI/IVF cycles enhances the probability of live birth. METHODS:Systematic literature search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and RCT registries) was conducted to identify relevant randomi...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr029
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Syncytin is a membrane protein derived from the envelope gene of an endogenous retrovirus of the HERV-W family. The gene appears to be almost exclusively expressed in placenta; the protein was found in particular in syncytiotrophoblast. After transfection into various cell types it has proven to be a very fusogenic pr...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh039
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Because of the substantial energy demands of reproduction, the brain must temper the fertility of individuals to match nutritional availability. Under-nutrition is associated with infertility in humans and animals. The brain uses adipose- and gut-derived hormones, such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin, to modu...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dms004
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of the Transnational Study on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women studies are reviewed, potential biases shown, and new analyses are presented. The initial finding was a slight increase in the risk of venous thromboboembolism (VTE) when users of third generation OC (containing the progestins ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.6.707
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian oocytes begin meiosis in the fetal ovary, but only complete it when fertilized in the adult reproductive tract. This review examines the cell biology of this protracted process: from entry of primordial germ cells into meiosis to conception. The defining feature of meiosis is two consecutive cell divisions (...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmm043
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) typically occurs when ovaries are primed with FSH/LH and subsequently exposed to hCG. The ultimate pathophysiological step underlying this clinical picture is increased vascular permeability (VP). METHODS:A search of the literature was carried out using PubMed and th...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn008
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Estrogens are known to orchestrate reproductive events and to regulate the immune system during infections and following tissue damage. Recent findings suggest that, in the absence of any danger signal, estrogens trigger the physiological expansion and functional specialization of macrophages, which are immu...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmy026
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of laparoscopic techniques for the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has included many different approaches in the 1980s and 90s. Broadly similiar results have been obtained using biopsy, cauterization, multi-electrocoagulation and laser surgery; i.e. > 50% ovulation and a mean pregnancy rate of ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/2.4.337
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contraception is one of the keystones of reproductive health. The availability of effective contraception has helped to change dramatically the structure of the world's population during the last 50 years, through a demographic transition involving lower fertility rates and longer survival. As the transition evolves m...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi019
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:BACKGROUND; Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) reduce levels of androgen, especially testosterone (T), by inhibiting ovarian and adrenal androgen synthesis and by increasing levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Although this suppressive effect has been investigated by numerous studies over many ye...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt038
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homocysteine, a product of the methionine cycle, is known to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and embryology, and in very important, fast growing fields concerning obstetrics and gynaecology. Therefore, we attempted an actual overview on possible obstetrical and gynaecological ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.1.64
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of paracrine interactions, especially within the vascular system. It is a powerful inhibitor of platelet aggregation and a potent vasodilator. NO is also a neurotransmitter and it plays a role in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. NO-generating enzymes (nitric oxide synthases, NOS) ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.5.565
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::As soon as leptin was discovered four years ago, its potential as a player in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was explored in a primitive way, though little light was shed on the enigma that is PCOS. As a second wave of leptin research is now available, we review how the expanded role of the cytokine in reproduct...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.2.166
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucin glycoproteins are major constituents of the glycocalyx that covers mucosal epithelium. Two broad classes of mucins exist: membrane-associated and secretory. Of the secreted mucins, those with cysteine-rich regions are thought to polymerize through disulphide bonds. Among these gel-forming mucins are MUC2, MUC5AC...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.4.280
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Approximately half recurrent miscarriage (RM) cases remain unexplained after standard investigations. Secondary RM (SRM) is, in contrast to primary RM, preceded by a birth, which increases the transfer of fetal cells into the maternal circulation. Mothers of boys are often immunized against male-specific min...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr005
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite great advances in assisted reproductive technology, poor ovarian response (POR) is still considered as one of the most challenging tasks in reproductive medicine. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE:The aim of this systemic review is to evaluate the role of different adjuvant treatment strategies on the probabi...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmz046
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genetic testing of preimplantation embryos has been used for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS). Microarray technology is being introduced in both these contexts, and whole genome sequencing of blastomeres is also expeted to become possible soon. The amount of...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt009
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although fertility preservation (FP) treatment options have increased, the existing evidence suggests that many women with cancer do not feel well supported in making these decisions, but find them stressful and complex and fail to take up fertility care at this crucial time. Whilst existing reviews have all...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx009
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mild ovarian stimulation has emerged as an alternative to conventional IVF with the advantages of being more patient-friendly and less expensive. Inadequate data on pregnancy outcomes and concerns about the cycle cancellation rate (CCR) have prevented mild, or low-dose, IVF from gaining wide acceptance. OBJ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmaa035
更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00