Abstract:
:The uptake of 3H-5-HT in synaptosomes from rat brains was investigated. Addition of DA or NA had only a slight or no effect on the uptake. When the uptake into NA and DA neurons was inhibited by the addition of high concentrations of NA and DA, the uptake of 3H-5-HT was unchanged. This was also found after destruction of NA and DA neurons by 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. Furthermore, the uptake of 3H-5-HT was almost equal in different brain parts containing NA and DA in very different amounts. These observations show that the uptake measured with 3H-5-HT is specific for 5-HT neurons. The present study revealed that citalopram and chlorimipramine inhibited uptake competitively, and in this respect the two drugs were equipotent. Compared with a series of tricyclic thymoleptics, the two drugs were the most potent inhibitors of 5-HT uptake, about 20 to 35 times more active than imipramine and amitriptyline. The metabolites of citalopram were also rather potent. The results obtained in the present study correlate closely with those obtained using inhibition of 14C-5-HT uptake in blood platelets, or using the inhibition of H 75/12-induced 5-HT depletion in rat brain. When rats were treated orally with citalopram or chlorimipramine, the inhibition of 3H-5-HT uptake in synaptosomes derived from these rats was two times greater after citalopram than after chlorimipramine.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Hyttel Jdoi
10.1007/BF00429172subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1978-12-15 00:00:00pages
13-8issue
1eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE:Convulsions associated with cocaine toxicity are a serious aspect of cocaine-related emergency room incidents. Seizures can result from a single high dose of cocaine, and evidence is accumulating that correlates repetitive administration of sub-convulsive doses of cocaine with a decreased seizure threshold, a...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050027
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel form of experimentally-induced conflict behavior based on the conditioned suppression of drinking (CSD) is described and compared with two conventional animal models of human anxiety--a modified Geller-Seifter and an Estes-Skinner (Conditioned Emotional Response) procedure. The CSD procedure offered significan...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427112
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to compare the therapeutic and adverse effects of tranylcypromine (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor), nortriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressant), and placebo. A total of 122 depressed outpatients randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with one of these agents completed the 4-week protocol. Tr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00427786
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopaminergic behavioral supersensitivity may be induced by chronic treatment with either dopaminergic agonists or antagonists. We demonstrate that the development of agonist-induced supersensitivity is resistant to chronic lithium exposure. Furthermore, chronic lithium alone enhances the stereotypic response to acute ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427448
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acamprosate (calcium-acetyl homotaurinate) is a new compound used in the treatment of alcohol abuse. Because of the putative link between alcoholism and the endogenous opioid systems in both humans and laboratory animals, we tested in rats the effects of acamprosate on behavioral and neurochemical effects of opioid dr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050730
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Rats selectively bred for high saccharin (HiS) intake consume more alcohol and acquire intravenous (i.v.) cocaine self-administration more rapidly than their low saccharin (LoS)-consuming counterparts. The present experiment was designed to determine whether HiS and LoS rats differed in other aspects of drug ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0600-3
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This laboratory study investigated the mechanisms by which the opioid antagonist, naltrexone, reduces the risk of relapse to heavy drinking in individuals with alcohol dependence. METHODS:Eighteen alcohol-dependent, non-treatment-seeking volunteers were randomized to 50 mg naltrexone or placebo for 6 days a...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002130100919
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Observing responses bring sensory receptors into contact with environmental stimuli. In the observing-response procedure, periods in which an operant response (e.g. pressing a lever) is reinforced by drug deliveries alternate with periods in which this response is never reinforced (i.e. extinction). These alt...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1390-5
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to assess the possible effects of central GABA activation on the consolidation of shock avoidance, the GABA-T inhibitor amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA) was administered posttrial to adult male rats. Learning was assessed over nine widely spaced sessions of 20 trials each. AOAA-treated animals showed learning with...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431848
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:We have recently shown that post-extinction exposure of rats to a sub-threshold reminder shock can reactivate extinguished context-related freezing and found that chronic treatment with fluoxetine before fear extinction prevents this phenomenon. OBJECTIVES:In the present study, we examined whether these find...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2134-y
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::BIMT 17, the only compound reported to be a full 5-HT1A agonist and a 5-HT2A antagonist at the frontal cortex, was assessed in three animal paradigms sensitive to antidepressants in rats: olfactory bulbectomy (OB), differential-reinforcement-of-low rate 72-s (DRL 72-s) and learned helplessness (LH). In the OB rats, BI...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050474
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine (6 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously via Alzet osmotic pumps to rats for 28 days. Nociception was measured by the hot-plate and tail-flick methods. A significant antinociceptive effect was demonstrated during the first week of the treatment; after that tolerance developed, lasting for the remaining p...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245428
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Several halogenated analogs of benztropine (BZT) have previously been characterized as potent DA uptake inhibitors with behavioral profiles that indicate diminished psychomotor stimulant effects relative to cocaine. In a previous study using a fixed-ratio 10 schedule, two chloro-analogs (3'-Cl-BZT and 4'-Cl-B...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130000616
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of d-fenfluramine and morphine on various nociceptive responses of rats were investigated. Unlike morphine, which inhibited all the responses examined, d-fenfluramine inhibited jumping and paw licking of rats on a hot plate, but did not increase the latency of tail withdrawal from hot water. The effects of...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00435276
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Previous studies have investigated the occupancy of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) after clinical doses of citalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In the present study, the occupancies of SERT after multiple doses of escitalopram and citalopram were compared using the radioli...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0666-y
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the striatal dopamine-2 (D2) receptor occupancy caused by different antipsychotic substances in 18 psychotic patients (16 with schizophrenic and two with schizoaffective disorder according to DSM-IV) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 123I-iodobenzamide (IBZM) as tracer subst...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050409
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Perphenazine, a classical antipsychotic drug, has the potential to induce extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). Dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways are involved in the therapeutic and adverse effects of the drug. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the impact of polymorphisms in the dopamine D(2) and D(3) and serotonin 2...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0622-x
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of benzodiazepine (BZ) antagonists on operant behavior were examined in rats chronically administered a low dose of diazepam (DZ). The low maintenance dose of DZ (5 mg/kg twice daily) was selected as more closely associated with its anxiolytic effects than the higher treatment doses previously used to stud...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244103
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::MA rats, bred for greater motor impairment following subhypnotic doses of ethanol, were found to be more sensitive to the hypnotic effects of phenobarbital and chloral hydrate than were LA rats. In addition, the previously reported finding of a difference between the two lines of rats in duration of loss of righting r...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426674
更新日期:1979-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The development of tolerance to the behavioral and biochemical effects of ethanol was studied. Rats were made tolerant to ethanol by the administration of daily ethanol injections (3 g/kg, IP) for 7 and 28 days. Tolerance developed both to the behavioral (hypothermic, sedative) and biochemical (accumulation of dopamin...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244097
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Smoking typically begins during adolescence and is largely reinforced by social cues. During adolescence in rats, sensitivity to both social cues and drugs of abuse is enhanced. OBJECTIVES:We have previously demonstrated in adolescent male rats that a low dose of cocaine interacts with social reward to produ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1470-2
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Phytocannabinoids are useful therapeutics for multiple applications including treatments of constipation, malaria, rheumatism, alleviation of intraocular pressure, emesis, anxiety and some neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Consistent with these medicinal properties, extracted cannabinoids have rec...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2415-0
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:A growing number of studies suggest that gamma-aminobutyric acid type-B (GABA(B)) receptor agonists reduce alcohol use and craving. OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to further clarify behavioral mechanism(s) by which GABA(B) agonists may decrease alcohol reinforcement. METHODS:Male C57BL/6 J mice were tra...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1769-3
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the forced swimming-induced immobility (despair) test model, adenosine, and 2-chloroadenosine treatment prolonged the immobilization period in mice. Dipyridamole, which is known to inhibit adenosine uptake, potentiated the adenosine effect. The purinoceptor antagonists caffeine and theophylline blocked purine nucle...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00429665
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clonidine is a clinically used antihypertensive which has been suggested to produce physiological changes in children after exposure in utero. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that chronic exposure of the developing brain to an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist like clonidine would influence the adult neuroche...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02253583
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was the aim of the present study to determine the affinities of four neuroleptics and five antidepressants for histamine H3 receptors. In rat brain cortex membranes, the specifically bound [3H]-N alpha-methylhistamine was monophasically displaced by clozapine (pKi 6.15). The other drugs did not completely displace ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02247479
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of two subcutaneous injections of 0.6 mg nicotine, administered 40 min apart, was compared with placebo in four non-smoking subjects in a counter-balanced double-blind crossover design. The nicotine injections produced mean peak plasma nicotine concentrations of 5.3 ng/ml 10 min after the first injection an...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02244767
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is commonly believed that repeated exposures diminish the pleasurable effects of drugs and hence that pleasure must have only a minor role in addiction. In six experiments with rats, repeated exposures to amphetamine, morphine, or cocaine were found to enhance the drug-induced rewarding effect as measured by condit...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00451687
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The residual effects of three hypnotics were investigated by the method of 24-h polygraphy (EEG, EMG, and EOG). The drugs were triazolam 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg, flurazepam 15 mg and 30 mg, nitrazepam 5 mg and 10 mg, and placebo. The subjects were healthy volunteers, eight men and eight women with an average age of 34.3 ye...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00426651
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Recent animal research has shown that, aside from its primary and secondary reinforcing effects, nicotine may enhance reinforcement from stimuli unrelated to nicotine intake. Little human research has directly examined this potentially important influence of nicotine. OBJECTIVES:We report two virtually ident...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1574-8
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00