Abstract：
:Among infectious diseases, tuberculosis is the leading cause of death, killing around 3 million people each year. Most cases occur in young adults but it is also a major cause of illness and death in children. The problem has been exacerbated in recent years by the HIV pandemic and by the emergence of multidrug resistance. Co-infection with HIV greatly enhances the risk of overt tuberculosis and in 1999 it is expected that tuberculosis will account for 30% of the predicted 2.5 million AIDS-related deaths. By inducing clinically and radiologically atypical forms of tuberculosis, and by increasing pressure on diagnostic facilities by sheer numbers, serious diagnostic difficulties are increasingly occurring in both adults and children in the tropics. At the present time, 2% of all cases of tuberculosis are multidrug resistant but, as the treatment of such cases is often grossly inadequate in many tropical countries, their frequency will doubtless grow. There are no simple solutions to the global emergency of tuberculosis: clearly there is a need for better use of available control measures but there is also a need to reach a much clearer understanding of the underlying immune phenomena in this disease so as to develop more effective vaccines and therapeutic agents. Finally, it cannot be ignored that tuberculosis is a disease of poverty--95% of cases and 98% of deaths due to it occur in the developing nations--and thus a major control measure is a resolution of the gross inequities in health care provision both between and within nations.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Zumla A,Squire SB,Chintu C,Grange JMdoi
10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90278-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-03-01 00:00:00pages
113-7issue
2eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Retrospective and prospective serological surveys to determine the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (ADV) infections in children with respiratory diseases were carried out from 1985 to 1988 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. 306 sera from subjects between 3 months and 12...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(92)90317-6
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pyomyositis remains poorly documented in tropical Latin America. We therefore performed a retrospective review of cases admitted to a hospital in the upper Negro river basin during 2002-2006. Seasonality was assessed by the cosinor model and independent predictors of outcome were identified by logistic regression. Det...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.06.008
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro effect of pyrimethamine (PYR) on human blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) was studied by 14C-thymidine incorporation, by cell counting and by total DNA estimation. PYR in concentrations 10 times high...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(86)90040-4
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To estimate the impact of fish farming operated at household level on nutritional status among children 6-59 months of age, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Zomba district, Malawi. Anthropometric measurements of 66 children in each type of household (fish-farming and non-fish-farming households) and structured...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.03.028
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The optimum treatment for louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) has not been fully established. Eliminating spirochetes is often associated with the potentially lethal Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR). The objective of this meta-analysis was to review the evidence supporting the use of antibiotics usually employed for t...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.04.004
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intestinal permeability of 246 early primary schoolchildren at 2 schools (106 of whom were infected with intestinal helminths) was assessed by using the lactulose/mannitol differential absorption test. The ratio of the urinary recoveries of lactulose and mannitol was determined after oral administration of a standard ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90425-3
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus was evaluated in blood donors and antenatal clinic attenders in Kumasi, Ghana and seropositive subjects were tested for hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall seroprevalence among Ghanaians was 2.8% but there was a significantly hi...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90887-2
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Response to treatment with organic pentavalent antimonials, the standard first-line treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), has been decreasing since their introduction into India. Combining sodium stibogluconate (SB) with paromomycin (PM) may be an efficient alternative to single-agent therapy. This trial was desi...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(00)90130-5
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence of Chagas' disease among HIV seropositive patients and to define the clinical profile of co-infected cases. Cross-sectional study: the prevalence of co-infected subjects was 1.3% and there was no significant difference between co-infected and non co-infecte...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.02.004
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent investigations on the distribution of human and canine leishmaniasis, and on the vectors and wild reservoirs of the disease in foci in Tuscany have stimulated a retrospective evaluation of human leishmaniasis of the whole region. From a study of the literature, of statistical reports (ISTAT) and of unpublished ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(81)90087-0
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persistent diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, and consequently an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Although intestinal protozoa and bacteria are detected in many of these patients, a substantial proportion of disease remains unexplained even after intensive in...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(03)80034-2
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence and progression of coagulation abnormalities were studied in 52 patients with acute falciparum malaria. The patients were prospectively divided into 3 groups; severe (parasitaemia greater than or equal to 5% or vital organ dysfunction), 12 patients; moderate (parasitaemia 1%- less than 5% without complic...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90321-0
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of prior injections on the pattern and severity of paralytic poliomyelitis has been examined by a retrospective analysis of case notes from an outpatient pediatric clinic in South India. Of 262 children with acute polio, 176 had received unnecessary injections < 48 h before paralysis and 12 had received dip...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(92)90104-k
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-one Entamoeba histolytica isolates from a range of geographical locations and representing 3 different zymodemes were tested under xenic anaerobic conditions for their sensitivities to bacitracin and bactracin zinc. Isolates were over 13 times more sensitive to bacitracin zinc than to bacitracin. Our results in...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(94)90519-3
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surveys of the health of schoolchildren in Tanga Region, Tanzania and Volta Region, Ghana are reported. Two age groups of both sexes were studied: 8-9 and 12-13 years old. Children themselves tend to have a poor perception of their health status. This is confirmed by biomedical surveys. Evidence was common of chronic ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90999-3
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin disease is among the most frequent causes of morbidity in Ethiopia, showing high prevalence in the general population and being the sixth most frequent cause of outpatient visits nationwide to health facilities. This study was aimed at describing skin disease patterns in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia through a...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.11.028
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A seroepidemiological survey of bancroftian filariasis was carried out in 2 townships in Sri Lanka with the objectives of determining the microfilaraemia rates, dependence on age and sex, susceptibility to re-infection, effect of diethylcarbamazine therapy on serum antibodies to microfilarial surface antigens, and the...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90511-7
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to estimate the importance as a public health problem of skin diseases, we investigated the prevalence and severity of skin diseases in a representative sample of children in Mali. 1817 children were randomly selected in 30 clusters by probability-proportional-to-size sampling in Koulikoro region. The mean pr...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(95)90068-3
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:30 pairs of patients with complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (with anaemia, hyperpyrexia, jaundice or more than 5% of erythrocytes parasitized) were studied. Patients with cerebral signs and symptoms were excluded. One group of patients was treated with oral mefloquine (750 mg) and artemether (600 mg by injecti...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(88)90187-3
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent increase in funding for diseases endemic in resource-poor countries has led to a progressive rise in the number of trials conducted in Africa for product development purposes or to answer important questions on reduction of disease burden. This causes an increasing demand for data safety monitoring boards (...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.009
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Leptospirosis has a mortality rate of 5-20%. Poor prognostic factors are older age; oliguria; elevated potassium, creatinine and/or bilirubin levels; and altered mental status. We conducted this retrospective study to analyse the predictors of mortality among Indian patients with leptospirosis. METHODS:Clin...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/trstmh/tru144
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our laboratory is characterizing Leishmania stabilates and isolates from active leishmaniasis cases. Smears and cultures from aspirates made on different dates from a single lesion on the bridge of the nose of an 18 years old Kenyan male from Nyandarua District contained Leishmania. The isolates, NLB-271 and NLB-271-I...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(93)90101-u
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An outbreak of typhoid due to multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi is reported from Pondicherry, India. While the average prevalence of drug resistant strains in 1980-1988 had been 11.7%, it increased to 52% in 1989-1990. The majority of strains (80.8%) were resistant to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline an...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(92)90573-u
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluating the performance of well child clinics on adherence to recommended perinatal hepatitis B prevention programmes as well as assessing the outcome of infants living with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive parents is important. A retrospective study was performed of 336 babies who had at least one HBsA...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.12.001
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To compare the characteristics of women and men with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis, all 3231 cases treated in Nioki hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo, from 1982 to 2000 were reviewed for demographic information, date and mode of diagnosis, pre-treatment cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, treatm...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90380-9
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth of Giardia intestinalis in TYI-S-33 medium containing a sub-lethal concentration of metronidazole over a period of 66 weeks selected a line of organisms that was over 8 times less sensitive to the drug. This resistance was unstable and the organisms reverted to their original sensitivity within 22 weeks of grow...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(88)90278-7
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty Kenyan patients with visceral leishmaniasis were evaluated for the presence of Leishmania donovani in their peripheral blood. Smears, cultures and hamster inoculations detected parasitaemia in 11, 10 and six patients, respectively, and at least one method detected parasitaemia in 15 patients (75%). The likeliho...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(85)90339-6
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune responsiveness of schistosomiasis patients was assayed longitudinally, before and for two years after chemotherapeutic treatment with praziquantel, by in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMN) proliferation upon exposure to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), or soluble schistosomal antigenic preparations from e...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(86)90268-3
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Niclosamide was used to interrupt transmission of Schistosoma haematobium by Bulinus senegalensis in seasonal rainwater pools for a period of three years. Snail populations were progressively reduced to approximately 1% of the numbers in untreated pools. There was little or no evidence of acquisition of new infection ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90282-7
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tinea imbricata, also known as 'Tokelau', is an uncommon superficial mycosis caused by the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton concentricum. Cutaneous lesions appear characteristically as scaly and concentric rings that may cover all parts of the body. Often acquired in childhood, tinea imbricata is a chronic dis...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.01.002
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
