Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of a selective estrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene, on postmenopausal endometrium. METHODS:Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 415) were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: 60 or 150 mg/day raloxifene hydrochloride, 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogens, or placebo, and treated for 1 year. Endometrial biopsies were obtained in a blinded fashion at baseline and every 6 months after the ultrasound studies. Transvaginal ultrasound, with uterine size measurements, was done at baseline and at 3-month intervals. Saline-infusion sonohysterography was done at baseline and every 6 months. RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics. Mean endometrial thickness, measured by transvaginal ultrasound, was unchanged from baseline to end point in the placebo and raloxifene groups, whereas in the estrogen group it was significantly thicker by 5.5 mm (P < .001). Mean uterine volume, calculated from transvaginal ultrasound measurements, was higher in the estrogen group only (22 cm3, P < .001). Of the 358 women with paired biopsies, endometrial hyperplasia was present in 2.1%, 0%, and 26.1% of the end-point biopsies in the placebo, raloxifene, and estrogen groups, respectively (P < .001). Proliferative endometrium was present in 2.1% of the end-point biopsies in the placebo group, 1.7% in the combined raloxifene groups, and 39.8% in the estrogen group (P < .001). CONCLUSION:Raloxifene, at 60 or 150 mg/day for 1 year, did not stimulate the postmenopausal endometrium. End-point endometrial thickness, morphology, and uterine volume in the raloxifene groups were similar to those observed at baseline and in the placebo group.
journal_name
Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
Obstetrics and gynecologyauthors
Goldstein SR,Scheele WH,Rajagopalan SK,Wilkie JL,Walsh BW,Parsons AKdoi
10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00502-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
95-103issue
1eissn
0029-7844issn
1873-233Xpii
S0029-7844(99)00502-5journal_volume
95pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if bacteria are capable of producing phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid (AF) and the number of colony forming units (CFU) of bacteria necessary to produce this result. METHODS:Eleven species of bacteria and one species of yeast, common to the female genital tract and implicated in chorioamni...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0029-7844(95)00032-m
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether preoperative dilation and curettage (D&C) lowers the risk of unexpected cancer at hysterectomy. METHODS:Women with complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia on sampling from January 2000 to May 2008 who underwent hysterectomy within 6 months were identified using a pathology database. Pati...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b190d5
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the comparative safety of transcervical and transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (CVS). METHODS:From May 1988 to January 1992, CVS was performed by two operators at 9-12 weeks' gestation in 1048 singleton pregnancies. The sampling method for each patient, transabdominal or transcervical, was ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the association between hysterectomy for benign indications and pelvic organ fistula disease. METHODS:We conducted a nationwide cohort study based on Swedish health care registers. The cohort consisted of 182,641 women having hysterectomy (exposed cohort) and 525,826 women not undergoing the procedu...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b2a1df
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review facility-based maternal deaths at a tertiary-level center in Johannesburg, South Africa, during a 5-year period (2003 to 2007) and to investigate the proportion of deaths attributable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiology of deaths, and the effects of antiretroviral treatment introduce...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181af33e6
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Functional ovarian cysts are a common gynecological problem among women of reproductive age worldwide. When large, persistent, or painful, these cysts may require operations, sometimes resulting in removal of the ovary. Since early oral contraceptives were associated with a reduced incidence of functional ov...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b5a547
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if the signs and symptoms of genital herpes in pregnancy accurately identify primary genital herpes infections using serologic testing for final classification. METHODS:Twenty-three women with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of primary genital herpes infections in the second and third tri...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0029-7844(97)00121-x
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess how a strategy to maximize access to emergency contraceptive pills would affect rates of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. METHODS:Sexually active women, 14-24 years old, were randomly assigned to two methods of access to emergency contraceptive pills: increased access (two packages of...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/01.AOG.0000235708.91572.db
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most reported associations in observational clinical research are false, and the minority of associations that are true are often exaggerated. This credibility problem has many causes, including the failure of authors, reviewers, and editors to recognize the inherent limitations of these studies. This issue is especia...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e31826af61a
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess consistency of hospital coding for patients with cesarean delivery-related admissions. METHODS:Hospital coders from 11 participating institutions received a brief questionnaire and a standardized, inpatient record that was developed for nine hypothetical patients who delivered by cesarean delivery....
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181ad9533
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies suggest that fetal biometry may allow recognition of pregnancies at risk for Down syndrome. Second-trimester biparietal diameter (BPD)/femur length and observed-to-expected femur length ratios were examined in 48 chromosomally abnormal fetuses and compared with those of a control population composed of ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fourteen patients with stage IB or IIA neuroendocrine small-cell cervical cancer were treated either by operation alone or operation in combination with postoperative radiotherapy at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center, and Memorial Medical Center of Long Beach, between January 1979 and February 1986. ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To construct and validate a nomogram to predict relapse-free survival of patients treated for vulvar cancer. METHODS:Data from 244 patients treated for vulvar cancer at a single institution (Creteil, France) were used as a training set to develop and calibrate a nomogram for predicting relapse-free survival ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.AOG.0000198639.36855.e9
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To use a number of methods to control for confounding and selection bias to examine the association between lymphadenectomy and survival in a large cohort of women with endometrial cancer. METHODS:A retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Data Base was performed to identify women with endometrio...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0000000000001194
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the value of the early diastolic notch and color Doppler imaging of the uterine arteries at 24 weeks' gestation in a two-stage Doppler screening test for preeclampsia. METHODS:Two thousand fifty-eight unselected women had an initial screening study with continuous-wave Doppler at 18-22 weeks' gesta...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Intrauterine contraception is used by many women worldwide, however, it is rarely used in the United States. Although available at no cost from the state family planning program for low-income women in California, only 1.3% of female patients obtain intrauterine contraceptives annually. This study assessed kn...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e318173fd83
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty-four patients using intrauterine contraceptive devices and experiencing excessive menstrual bleeding (more than 80 ml average loss for 2 cycles) were treated with the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor naproxen. The trial was conducted according to a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design. Each patien...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate differences between fasting and nonfasting bile acid levels in asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women. METHODS:This is a report of two prospective cohort studies describing bile acid levels in the fasting and nonfasting state in pregnancy. The first cohort included asymptomatic women with si...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0000000000004160
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sickle cell anemia is associated with an alarming attrition rate during pregnancy. The maternal morbidity rate, perinatal wastage rate, and the incidence of severe morbidity in both mother and child are elevated above acceptable limits. In most cases, these statistics have been compiled using conservative therapeutic ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:As cesarean deliveries increase, so does placenta accreta. There is little evidence regarding management of patients with known or suspected abnormal placentation seeking abortion. CASE:A medically complicated patient with evidence of placenta increta on magnetic resonance imaging presented for pregnancy te...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0b013e318194258c
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reported is a rare complication of radical hysterectomy and radiation therapy, recurrent streptococcal cellulitis. Two patients had 14 episodes over a nine-year period, characterized by high fever and systemic toxicity. The streptococcal cellulitis was atypical in its presentation and its causative organism. The rash ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor is an independent prognostic factor in ovarian cancer patients. METHODS:We measured vascular endothelial growth factor in pretreatment serum samples of 60 women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages I to IV epithelial o...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00190-2
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the risk of adverse obstetric, perinatal, and fetal outcomes for pregnant women participating in prenatal sequential integrated screening through the California Prenatal Screening Program who had a false-positive screening result. METHODS:Women who underwent first- and second-trimester prenatal int...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0000000000000145
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A double-blind study was carried out to compare the effect of submucous paracervical blockade using 12 mL 0.25% bupivacaine (55 women) to the effect of intramuscular injection of 75 mg meperidine (62 women) during the first stage of labor. All 117 were normal primiparous pregnancies. Seventy-eight percent of the women...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of 3 common intrauterine resuscitation techniques used during labor. METHODS:Intrauterine resuscitation techniques were prospectively evaluated in healthy women during labor. Forty-two women were randomized to either a 500-mL or 1,000-mL intravenous (IV) fluid bolus over 20 minutes. ...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/01.AOG.0000164474.03350.7c
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate how implementation of the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) might be associated with stage at diagnosis and time to treatment for women with ovarian cancer. METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study using difference-in-differences analysis comparing stage at diagnosis and time to treatment b...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/AOG.0000000000003630
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten gravidas with bacteriuria in the immediate antepartum period subsequently delivered vaginally and did not receive antibiotic therapy. Four of these women developed postpartum endometritis and in three of them, the same Enterobacteriaceae recovered from the urine was present in the endometrial cultures. Of the 1233...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of an estrogen-regulated protein of Mr 24,000 (24K) was studied in 43 patients diagnosed as having endometrial adenocarcinoma. using an anti-24K monoclonal antibody, a modified immunoperoxidase system (avidinbiotin complex) was used to detect the presence of 24K in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether amnio-polymerase chain reaction (amnio-PCR) can replace conventional cytogenetic study for confirming the karyotype of fetuses in women with positive biochemical screening for fetal Down syndrome. To check the accuracy of this technique in our laboratory, we first compared the amnio-PCR results wi...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0029-7844(03)00222-9
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CO2 laser has become a valuable tool for the treatment of lower genital tract neoplasia. The records of 52 women who underwent CO2 laser cervical conization were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the effect of tissue thermal damage on histopathologic interpretation. Lesion evaluability, defined by the ability t...
journal_title：Obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
