Abstract:
:Tikvah Alper's interest in science was broad, from scrapie to mammalian cells and cancer. Much of her own work focused on cell lethality, like that of many other radiobiologists, but this was natural because of the simplicity of the endpoint cell survival and its relevance to cancer therapy. Tikvah had broader interests, however, that included the effects of radiation on living systems in general like the induction of cancer and the cellular and molecular processes contributing to it. In this essay, some ideas are developed that lie in the mainstream of her interests. Starting with functional measures of the recovery or repair from radiation damage, a role for repair is illustrated in connection with mutagenesis and neoplastic transformation both discussed in the context of radiation-induced cancer. These topics are central to a model explaining the anomalous enhanced neoplastic transformation and cancer observed when low doses of a high-LET radiation are protracted in time. Under particular circumstances, the formalism of the model predicts application to protracted low-LET exposures as in the instance of repair-deficient target cells and sporadic breast cancer. The latter discussion leads to the proposal that the paradigm in current use for evaluating cancer risk should be broadened: from a simple dose-effect relation to one that includes cell kinetics (during protracted exposures), cell-cycle dependencies, and the influence of cellular repair or the lack thereof.
journal_name
Int J Radiat Bioljournal_title
International journal of radiation biologyauthors
Elkind MMdoi
10.1080/095530097143662subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-06-01 00:00:00pages
657-65issue
6eissn
0955-3002issn
1362-3095journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:Exposition of best practice in management and experimental use of human stem cell lines in radiobiological research. This paper outlines the key challenges to be addressed by radiobiologists wishing to use human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines in their research including human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2012.714518
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terminally differentiated cells usually do not divide and are, thus, reproductively dead. To elucidate the significance of radiation-enhanced differentiation to reproductive cell death, murine erythroid progenitor cells were gamma-irradiated in plasma clot cultures and the development of haemoglobinized clones was stu...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530096145869
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study is part of a general search for the anatomical bases of the severe mental retardation syndrome caused by prenatal irradiation. More specifically, it seeks reasons for the high radiosensitivity of a white matter area, the cingulum of the corpus callosum. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Pregnant primiparous Wis...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530099139494
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The increased bioactivity 'windows' of GSM 900 and 1800 MHz radiations, (Global System for Mobile telecommunications) revealed recently by us and published in this issue, manifesting themselves as a maximum decrease in the reproductive capacity of the insect Drosophila melanogaster, were examined to discover wh...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553000903567979
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To clarify the experimental conditions that might influence the release of cytokines in the culture medium and give some basic input for building a model for cytokine (e.g., Interleukin-6, IL-6) regulation in the case of 'sham irradiation' and after ionising radiation exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The influe...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000903020016
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the radiosensitivity difference of human Cluster of Differentiation (CD)4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) and effector T cells to low dose gamma ray and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Blood samples were collected from five health subjects and five patients ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2010.518208
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Theoretical modelling techniques are often used to simulate the action of ionizing radiations on cells at the nanometre level. Using monoenergetic vacuum-UV (VUV) radiation to irradiate DNA either dry or humidified, the action spectra for the induction of DNA damage by low energy photons and the role of water a...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000050028913
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new approach is reported that combines synchrotron radiolysis and mass spectrometry to probe the structure of proteins. Hydroxyl radicals produced upon the radiolysis of protein solutions using synchrotron light modify amino acid side-chains on millisecond timescales. This results in the formation of stable oxidatio...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000110094805
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study the absorptive function of rat colon following whole-body exposure to neutron irradiation, either to the same total dose with varying proportion of neutrons or to the same neutron proportion with an increasing irradiation dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Different proportions of neutron irradiation were pr...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/0955300021000019221
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radioiodine ((131)I) induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in DNA single-strand breaks (DNA-ssb) in human (G0) mononuclear blood cells (MNC) in vitro. Incubation of MNC with 22MBq (131)I/ml at 4 degrees C caused a linear, time-dependent induction of DNA-ssb (increase in elution rate: 24.7 x 10(-3) h(-1) per 100 ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530097143103
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate whether pre- and post-drug magnetic field (MF) exposure of 50 Hz, 0.2 mT has any significant effect on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS:MF was generated by a pair of Helmholtz coils. Seizures were induced by PTZ injection intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose o...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000701206676
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study evaluates early changes in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from dental pulp and periodontal ligament after γ-irradiation and the effect of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibition. METHODS:MSC were irradiated with 2 and 20 Gy by (60)Co. For ATM inhibition, specific inhibitor KU5593...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2013.775530
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This review will examine the role of phosphatases in cancer cell signalling and also outline emerging findings regarding the influence of phosphatases on tumor cell survival after ionising radiation. CONCLUSION:The exposure of tumour cells to clinically relevant doses of ionising radiation causes DNA damage an...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09553000903232827
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Effects of radiation on the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts were studied using cell cultures in which the cells differentiated into either muscle cells or osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A mouse skeletal myoblast cell line, C2C12, was cultured and irradiated at confluence. Muscle differentiation was esti...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530000138745
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare colony-forming and comet assays on fibroblasts and lymphocytes of 32 breast cancer patients irradiated after breast-conserving operations and to correlate the results with acute clinical radiation reactions in the skin. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Skin fibroblasts were isolated and cultivated before radiot...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000210126466
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Chronic occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) induces a wide spectrum of DNA damages. The aim of this study was to assess the frequencies of micronucleus (MN), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and to evaluate their association with XRCC1 399 Arg/Gln and XRCC3 241 Thr/Met polymorphisms in Hospital sta...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2017.1377361
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An assay system was developed to detect changes of restriction fragment profiles obtained after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for DNA from mammalian cells that were irradiated and incubated for repair. DNA was prepared from irradiated log-phase human melanoma cells (MRI 221) after incubation for repair (6 h)...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530096144518
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In order to understand the molecular mechanism of nucleobase damage caused by ultrasoft X-ray irradiation, guanine radicals have been studied using an X-band EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectrometer installed in a synchrotron soft X-ray beamline. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Guanine pellets were irradiated ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000400017689
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the major goals of cancer research is to identify and understand the causes of cellular proliferation. The role of cell death, or lack thereof, in carcinogenesis, tumour growth, metastatic spread and response to treatment has been largely overlooked even though the morphology of apoptosis (programmed cell death...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/095530097143789
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Public concern about radiation protection of the environment and non-human species is increasing. The potential impact of chronic gamma radiation on the bacterial community in a rice paddy ecosystem was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Paddy field microcosm samples were continuously exposed at a dose rate o...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2010.549534
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The effects of radiation +/- hypogravity on immunologic function were investigated using the Partial Weight Suspension (PWS) model ( Wagner et al. 2010 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS:Mice were exposed to 0.5, 1, or 2 Gray (Gy) dose of gamma radiation and then placed in the PWS system for 4, 24, 48 hours, or 4 days. ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2011.595875
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate cell cycle effects and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of α-particles from the clinically relevant radionuclide Astatine-211 ((211)At), using X-rays as reference radiation. Double-strand breaks (DSB), non-DSB clusters containing oxidised purines and clonogenic survival were investigated. ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2011.538127
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In case of a large-scale radiation accident when hundreds of people may be exposed, it is important to distinguish the severely exposed individuals (> or =1 gray), who require early medical treatment, from those less exposed. The aim of our study was to develop a quick population triage method based on automate...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553000903264481
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: Projects evaluating the effects of radiation, within the National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), have focused on risk analyses for life shortening and cancer prevalence using laboratory animals. Genetic and epigenetic al...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09553002.2019.1625458
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A radionuclide release assay for measuring the in vitro kinetics of cell death has been developed. CHO cells were labelled for 24 h with 3.0 hBq/ml of [125I] iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR) and the fate of the labelled cells and their progeny was monitored at daily intervals by measuring the rate of 125I release. Prelabell...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009114550361
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the radiosensitisation of gold nanoparticles (GNP) with an average diameter of 5 nm coated with the gadolinium chelating agent dithiolated diethylenetriaminepentaacetic gadolinium (Au@DTDTPA:Gd) in vitro and in mice bearing tumours (MC7-L1). MATERIALS AND METHODS:In vivo, the gadolinium chelate ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553001003746067
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Animal models that accurately reflect human responses to radiation injury are needed for advanced mechanistic investigation and development of effective therapeutics. The rabbit is an established animal model accepted by the FDA for studies of cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, the development of anticoa...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2020.1820606
更新日期:2020-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of gamma radiation-induced alterations in antioxidant defence of radioresistant Sf9 insect cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Sf9 cells were irradiated at doses ranging from 0.5-200 Gy. Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation levels were observed at 4 h post-exposure along with reduced...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2015.1054958
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The radiosensitization of two human tumour in vitro cell lines, HT-1080 and LoVo, has been compared with that of the Chinese hamster cell line V79-379A. Although the two human tumour cell lines were more radiosensitive than the V79 cell line sensitizer, enhancement ratios for misonidazole, pimonidazole and azomycin we...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009014552461
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Exposure to ionizing radiation induces plant defenses by regulating the expression of response genes. The systemic acquired resistance deficient 1 (SARD1) is a key gene in plant defense response. In this study, the function of Oryza sativa SARD1 (OsSARD1) was investigated after exposure of seeds/plants to ioniz...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2017.1297901
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00