Abstract:
:The morphogenesis of the external genitalia of human fetuses (16-250 mm crown-rump [CR] length, 6-26 weeks of gestation) obtained after medical termination of pregnancy were studied. Differential development (male/female) started after 50 mm CR length (9 weeks). At that time the external genitalia consisted of a cylindrical genital tubercle 2 mm in length with a visible coronary sulcus and glans and genital swellings on either side. A groove on the ventral aspect of the genital tubercle extended to the coronary sulcus; the lateral boundaries of this groove separated to form the urethral folds. In male fetuses the free edges of the urethral folds fused, starting from the proximal end, to form a tunnel over the ventral aspect of the phallus. The pelvic urethra opened into this tunnel, slightly distal to its origin. The mesodermal tissue forming the genital swellings migrated ventrally and then medially. As medial migration started, the skin in the midline between the genital swellings was raised up as a skin fold, which subsequently, as the genital swellings migrated further, became elevated. The proximal part of the tunnel formed by fusion of the urethral folds (proximal to the point of entry of the pelvic urethra) also was compressed and pushed out as the genital swellings fused in the midline over the root of the phallus. These changes took place at between 80 and 110 mm CR length (12-13 weeks' gestation); at this stage the phallus appeared short and was bent ventrally. With further growth and caudal migration of the scrotum, the phallus lost its ventral curvature. The appearance of the external genitalia at different gestational ages bore a close resemblance to that in children with hypospadias. We therefore conclude that hypospadias can be explained on the basis of an embryological arrest due to the absence of the required stimulus for male phenotypic development at the appropriate time.
journal_name
Pediatr Surg Intjournal_title
Pediatric surgery internationalauthors
Ammini AC,Sabherwal U,Mukhopadhyay C,Vijayaraghavan M,Pandey Jdoi
10.1007/BF01076950subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-07-01 00:00:00pages
401-6issue
5-6eissn
0179-0358issn
1437-9813journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract:AIM OF STUDY:The objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of the 24-h delayed film for Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Other features of the barium enema were also examined, in particular the correlation between the radiological transition zone (TZ) and the final pathology. METHODS:All patients with s...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-014-3632-5
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of a critical airway in infants and toddlers with congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) continues to be an enormous challenge to the surgeon. Until recently, this condition often proved fatal. Improvements in surgical techniques, anesthetic management, and postoperative critical care have resulted in succe...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s003830050028
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential dietary constituents. They are important as a source of energy, as structural components of cell membranes, and as signalling molecules. They have been demonstrated to be potent modulators of the immune response, and research has endeavoured to optimise...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00383-005-1385-x
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pediatric osteomyelitis commonly occurs in the long bones and has rarely been reported in small bones such as the vertebrae and ribs. Rib osteomyelitis occurs in approximately 1% or less of all cases of hematogenous osteomyelitis, and is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We present a case of acute osteomyelitis...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-006-1725-5
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the relation between continence and the manometric and endosonographic state of the anorectal segment after surgery for anorectal anomalies (ARA), 33 adolescents operated upon for ARA and 14 controls were examined. Seventeen patients had low and 16 intermediate or high ARA. Fecal continence was recorded, and...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01258715
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review a single surgeon and surgical centre's experience with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAML) in relation to clinical spectrum, operative experience, and postoperative course. A retrospective hospital record review was done on surgically treated cases of CCAML over a 10-year period, f...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-004-1225-4
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare integration of bladder acellular matrix (BAM) with the bladder when seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and when MSC are injected intravenously (IV). METHODS:MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of EPM-1 Wistar male rats. Female rats were distributed into: Group A-BAM augmentation; Group B-BAM a...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-014-3465-2
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review gives an overview of the disease spectrum of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Etiological factors, prenatal predictors of survival, new treatment strategies and long-term morbidity are described. Early recognition of problems and improvement of treatment strategies in CDH patients may increase surviv...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00383-009-2425-8
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Cervicothoracic and apical thoracic neuroblastoma pose unique surgical challenges. We report our experience with the trapdoor anterior thoracotomy (TAT) approach to overcome these difficulties. METHODS:Retrospective review of our centre's neuroblastoma database was conducted. Patients who underwent TAT at our ...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-020-04692-2
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To describe the management of cavoatrial extension of nephroblastoma in a developing country. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Of 406 consecutive children with Wilms tumour, 40 (10%) presented with tumour extension into the inferior vena cava (IVC) (30), right atrium or right ventricle and form the inception cohort. Of th...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-010-2667-5
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) being one of the most frequently treated pediatric surgical conditions, its etiology remains incompletely understood. We review the diagnosis and treatment of this condition with an emphasis on the evolution of surgical techniques that led to laparoscopic pyloromyotomy, the ...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00383-017-4196-y
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of exogenous glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the rectal end of fetal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized randomly into three groups: ethyle...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-012-3251-y
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::High ligation of spermatic vessels (HLSV) and low ligation of spermatic vessels (LLSV) have been described in the surgical treatment of high undescended testis. Testicular capillary blood flow utilizing laser Doppler flowmetry after these maneuvers has not been studied thus far; hence, this study was designed. Thirty ...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-003-1018-1
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colonic interposition is a treatment option in childhood when esophageal replacement (ER) is necessary. We reviewed 18 children who underwent ER by colon between 1984 and 1999. There were 5 with esophageal atresia and 13 with corrosive esophagitis; 15 had long-term follow-up (mean 38 months). Three procedures were per...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s003830000422
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three cases are reported of pyogenic (non-tuberculous) myositis involving the ilio-psoas and/or iliacus muscles in children presenting to John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia, in a 12-month period. In one, cultures grew Haemophilus influenzae type B and in the other two Staphylococcus aureus was isolated. Biopsy...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00183769
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Robotic assisted minimal invasive surgery (RMIS) is a new resource popular in some surgical specialties but not yet in pediatric surgery. There are numerous advantages of robotic surgical technology in adult patients well documented in the literature. The purpose of this study is to define the feasibility, safety, and...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-011-2901-9
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of bilateral urinary tract tuberculosis presenting with acute renal failure is reported. It is believed to be the first reported instance of the disease presenting in this form. The patient was managed with preliminary high diversion followed by bilateral replacement of the ureters with ileal loops that were an...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s003830050291
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::New development in the vascular network is a significant process for the proliferation, as well as metastatic expand, of cancer cells that depends on a sufficient provider of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of waste products. New blood and lymphatic vessels form via step called angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis....
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-013-3398-1
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of 100 consecutive cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) treated at our institute focusing on the efficacy of protocolized management (PM) was conducted. Of the 100 cases, 14 who became symptomatic more than 24 h after birth, and seven with fatal anomalies (four cardiac and three chromosomal) were ex...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-006-1759-8
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::CHARGE association and DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) rarely occur together and only eight cases have been reported in the English literature. Two were associated with esophageal atresia (EA) and severe congenital heart anomalies. We report a third case of EA with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) associated with coarctatio...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00383-008-2222-9
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Neuroblastoma is a biological, genetic and morphological heterogeneous tumor with a variable clinical course. NCAM is a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily with structural similarities to cell adhesion molecule L1. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of NCAM in n...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-008-2264-z
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether barium enema reduction (BER) is safe and effective in patients with a long duration of intussusception. Over the last 17 years, 104 patients were admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of intussusception. All except 1 with peritonitis underwent BER primarily. Of the 10...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s003830050526
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-operative management of gastroschisis also known as plastic closure (PC) has been described as an alternative to conventional primary operative closure (POC) or staged silo closure (SSC). The aim of this study was to compare these techniques in neonates with gastroschisis. A retrospective review of neonates with g...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-008-2153-5
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) has previously been associated with increased mortality. The aim of this study was to assess mortality in patients with Hirschsprung disease in a population-based cohort. METHODS:This was a nationwide, population-based cohort study. The study exposure was HSCR and the study outcome ...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s00383-017-4150-z
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyorchidism is defined as the presence of more than two testes. We report the case of a 3-year-old boy and review the embryology and surgical management of the condition. ...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s003830050247
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the outcome of ureterocystoplasty (UCP) with renal preservation in infants, three infants had a UCP with preservation of the ipsilateral kidney, including one who had a ureteropyeloplasty and one who had a UCP using a previously reimplanted ureter. All three had complication-free improvement in bladder volum...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00183749
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes a subset of patients with posterior urethral valves (PUV) who presented late in childhood. The objective was to identify factors that lead to back-pressure effects on the upper tracts, which persist in spite of adequate valve ablation in some patients, and seek factors that may preserve the upper ...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s003830050384
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children with pyometrocolpos due to distal vaginal atresia may present as acutely ill, with severe obstructive uropathy and septicemia. In such patients the clinical course is markedly improved by urgent drainage of the infected cystic mass, and a temporary drainage procedure is required to allow local findings of inf...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-004-1323-3
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Lgr5+ intestinal epithelial stem cells (ISCs) crucial for intestinal epithelial regeneration are impaired during necrotizing enterocolitis. This study aims to investigate the influence of different stressors on intestinal epithelial injury and regeneration in vitro. METHODS:Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-18)...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00383-017-4183-3
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of a coexisting congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and esophageal atresia (EA) with distal tracheoesophageal fistula is extremely rare and is considered highly lethal. Only 19 cases of CDH with EA have been reported in the world literature to date. This is a very challenging clinical problem, and the...
journal_title:Pediatric surgery international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s003830050448
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00