Abstract:
:This brief review summarizes the physiology and pharmacology of eicosanoids and describes how they have been tested for possible application in liver disease and transplantation. The objective is to trace the stepwise application from the laboratory to the bedside. Although many questions remain to be answered, the observations summarized in this article have opened up new and potentially rewarding prospects in application to liver disease.
journal_name
Gastroenterol Clin North Amjournal_title
Gastroenterology clinics of North Americaauthors
Ruwart MJ,Henley KSdoi
10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70254-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-06-01 00:00:00pages
397-407issue
2eissn
0889-8553issn
1558-1942pii
S0889-8553(05)70254-5journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The effort to improve outcomes in esophageal cancer has included attempts at improving staging and patient selection. 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-Dglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been extensively studied in this context and has been widely accepted as a staging tool. Its role in restaging or assessing t...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2009.01.007
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evaluation and treatment of patients after operations on the foregut is a challenge for physicians and surgeons. The early postoperative period is an especially important interval because the very survival of the patient as well as the success of the surgical intervention depends on the correct interpretation of t...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ascariasis is a helminthic infection of global distribution with more than 1.4 billion persons infected throughout the world. The majority of infections occur in the developing countries of Asia and Latin America. Of 4 million people infected in the United States, a large percentage are immigrants from developing coun...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70263-6
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute acalculous cholecystitis (ACC) can develop with or without gallstones after surgery and in critically ill or injured patients. Diabetes mellitus, malignant disease, abdominal vasculitis, congestive heart failure, cholesterol embolization, shock, and cardiac arrest also have been associated with AAC. The pathogen...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.012
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Common disease states in gastroenterology are more effectively treated in an obese patient when weight loss is incorporated into the treatment plan. Strategies that seek to achieve weight loss improve outcomes in the treatment of hepatitis C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and colorectal cancer, as examples. Pharm...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.07.011
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::BA is a rare disease of unclear etiology; nevertheless, its impact in the field of pediatric hepatology is significant. It is the most common surgically correctable cause of neonatal cholestasis and is the most common pediatric disease referred for liver transplantation. Little progress has been made with regard to im...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(03)00049-9
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) improves the management of patients with nonobstructive dysphagia. It has increased the diagnostic yield for detecting achalasia and defined three clinically relevant achalasia subtypes. Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction, defined as an impaired EGJ relaxation...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2011.09.006
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are usually recognized by characteristic neurologic and metabolic manifestations and sometimes by dysmorphism. However, IEMs can present with a wide variety of gastrointestinal manifestations, whether as the primary or a minor clinical symptom. Regardless, gastrointestinal and hepati...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2019.02.001
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune pancreatitis is the pancreatic manifestation of a systemic disorder that affects various organs, including the bile duct, retroperitoneum, kidney, and parotid and lacrimal glands. It represents a recently described subset of chronic pancreatitis that is immune mediated and has unique histologic, morphologic...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2008.02.004
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The health care burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is projected to continue to increase over the next two decades, so improving the efficacy of anti-HCV therapy has the potential to significantly affect health care utilization associated with the disease. Adherence to standard combination therapy and maintain...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2003.12.003
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrhea is a common clinical feature of inflammatory bowel diseases and may be accompanied by abdominal pain, urgency, and fecal incontinence. The pathophysiology of diarrhea in these diseases is complex, but defective absorption of salt and water by the inflamed bowel is the most important mechanism involved. In add...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2012.06.006
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of EUS has improved the way we evaluate and manage patients with rectal cancer. EUS has substantially greater sensitivity than CT in detecting advanced T stage tumors. Such improved sensitivity results in changes in preoperative therapy that would not otherwise have occurred without EUS. Although the a...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(02)00050-x
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Topical therapy with amino salicylate enemas is the treatment of choice for proctitis, proctosigmoiditis, and left-sided ulcerative colitis. Adjunctive sulfasalazine therapy is often required. Relapse rates of 80 per cent can be expected within 3 months of discontinuing therapy. ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Focal liver lesions occur commonly and with varying histology, each requiring radically different management. There are a multitude of imaging modalities currently being used for detecting and characterizing focal liver neoplasms. The primary modalities include ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic reson...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(02)00028-6
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intestine contains major subdivisions of the nervous and immune systems. The lymphoid compartments of the intestine contain functionally distinguishable populations of immunologic cells and are innervated differently. The lamina propria has an extensive network of nerves using the neuropeptides SOM, SP, and VIP. S...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, the epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is reviewed. Demographic features and natural history are described, the prevalence and incidence of EoE are highlighted, and risk factors for EoE are discussed. EoE can occur at any age, there is a male predominance, it is more common in whites, and ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2014.02.002
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD and UC represent a spectrum of chronic IBD that present in protean ways and are accompanied by a variety of systemic sequelae. Sulfasalazine and the newer 5-aminosalicylates are important in the management of mild-to-moderate disease, whereas corticosteroids remain the primary therapy for most patients with moderat...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70058-3
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biliopancreatic diversion is a very effective method for weight reduction. In some instances it is too effective and needs to be revised. ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three (author's standard) or five biopsy specimens (two antral, two corpus, one incisura) as suggested by the Sydney system (original and revised version) [figure: see text] correctly separate infected mucosa from uninfected mucosa. No combination identified correctly the presence of intestinal metaplasia to be consid...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70153-9
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of colorectal neoplasia originates from normal colonic mucosa, progresses to the adenomatous polyp, and later may evolve into carcinoma. This procession of histologic change can be defined by a series of successive waves of clonal expansion that contain certain genetic alterations. These genetic altera...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70272-7
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews current concepts regarding the pathobiology of cystic fibrosis pancreatic disease. It summarizes recent studies on the relationship between CFTR mutations and pancreatitis, and it reviews several unresolved issues in the field. ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2004.07.008
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is neurostimulation; its mechanism of action is affecting central control of nausea and vomiting and enhancing vagal function. GES is a powerful antiemetic available for patients with refractory symptoms of nausea and vomiting from gastroparesis of idiopathic and diabetic causes. G...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2014.11.012
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Choosing NSAID therapy remains confusing and controversial-the challenge for the clinician is to sum all the risks as well as analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy. COX-2 inhibitors are an important scientific advance in pain therapy, and using them in a safe and cost-effective manner is possible when all the compe...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2009.03.006
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occult gastrointestinal bleeding is loss of blood into the digestive tract that is not apparent to the patient or physician by physical examination. It is detected by examination of the stool for chemical evidence of blood by laboratory techniques or by the observation of iron deficiency. The presence of occult blood ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pediatric pancreatitis is an emerging field with an increasing incidence of disease. Management of pediatric pancreatitis is understudied and, therefore, extrapolated from adult studies (although the etiologies are different). There is evidence that feeding is safe in mild acute pancreatitis in children without increa...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2018.07.003
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several hepatobiliary diseases appear to be mediated by the host immune response. They can be subdivided into those in which the immune reaction is against an infectious agent such as hepatitis viruses, those in which the immune reaction appears to be against an autoantigen expressed on hepatobiliary cells, and those ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex clinical process with multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. There has recently been a shift in the treatment of patients with severe IBS symptoms to disease-modifying therapies as opposed to symptomatic treatment. Because pathophysiologic differences exist between men and wo...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2011.03.012
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biotherapeutic agents offer unique advantages over traditional treatments for infectious diarrhea, and several have been shown to be effective (Table 4). These therapeutic microbial agents are most effective in types of infectious diseases that are associated with a disruption of the normal intestinal microecology (e....
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70213-2
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) stand to benefit from quality improvement (QI) due to the chronic nature of the disease, frequent interaction with the health care system, and exposure to high-risk treatments. The use of QI in health care has led to significant improvements in quality and relia...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2018.07.013
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gallstones are common with prevalences as high as 60% to 70% in American Indians and 10% to 15% in white adults of developed countries. Ethnic differences abound with a reduced frequency in black Americans and those from East Asia, while being rare in sub-Saharan Africa. Certain risk factors for gallstones are immutab...
journal_title:Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.003
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00