Abstract:
:The inframammary fold is a defining element in the shape and structure of the female breast. It should be preserved whenever possible in ablative procedures and recreated accurately when the breast is reconstructed after mastectomy. To date, no accurate anatomic description of this essential structure exists. Previous studies have suggested that the fold is produced by a supporting ligament running from the dermis in the fold region to a variety of locations on the rib cage. This clinic's experience with mastectomy, augmentation mammaplasty, and breast reconstruction does not support the existence of a ligamentous structure. To define the structure of the inframammary fold, 10 female and 2 male cadavers were studied. The anterior chest wall was removed en bloc and frozen in orthostatic position. Parasagittal sections were made of the inframammary fold with the chest wall intact. After decalcification of the ribs and routine histologic preparation, thin sections were stained with Gomori's trichrome. On light microscopic examination, no demonstrable ligamentous structure of dense regular connective tissue could be identified in the fold region in any of the 12 specimens. Superficial and deep fascial layers were uniformly observed anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. The superficial fascia was connected to the dermis in the fold region in a variety of configurations. In some cases, the deep fascia fused with the superficial fascia and dermis at the fold level. In other cases, bundles of collagen fibers arising from the superficial fascial layer were found to insert into the dermis at the inframammary fold, slightly inferior to it, or both. These bundles were observed consistently in sections from the sternum to the middle axillary line. They were distinct from Cooper's suspensory ligaments, which are seen more superiorly in the glandular tissue.
journal_name
Plast Reconstr Surgjournal_title
Plastic and reconstructive surgeryauthors
Muntan CD,Sundine MJ,Rink RD,Acland RDdoi
10.1097/00006534-200002000-00011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-02-01 00:00:00pages
549-56; discussion 557issue
2eissn
0032-1052issn
1529-4242journal_volume
105pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Sweet's syndrome, originally described as an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, belongs to a class of skin lesions that histologically have intense epidermal and/or dermal inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils without evidence of infection or vasculitis. Skin lesions of Sweet's syndrome most commonly pr...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000172890.53979.09
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The new design of the gluteus maximus perforator-based island flap for coverage of gluteal defects has the distinct advantage of being able to use customizable tissue components for coverage and at the same time sparing the source vessel. This adds a further option for use in reconstruction. METHODS:After e...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181cb675f
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expeditious yet efficacious removal of skin tumors is a common responsibility for the plastic surgeon. The need to minimize potential risks for mortality or morbidity from undue or excessive surgical resections and to control costs by avoiding unnecessary procedures behooves us to make a precise clinical diagnosis pre...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199804050-00014
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 25 random patients undergoing rhytidectomy, we did unilateral subplatysmal-fascial dissections of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) of the face and neck--with redistribution of the tension of this system and fixation by suturing. Late evaluation of these patients by 3 observers showed no detectable d...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197712000-00002
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Velopharyngeal insufficiency occurs in 5 to 20 percent of children following repair of a cleft palate. The pharyngeal flap is the traditional secondary procedure for correcting velopharyngeal insufficiency; however, because of perceived complications, alternative techniques have become popular. The authors' ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181c2a6c1
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have devised a new method for secondary commissuroplasty after reconstruction of the lower lip using Estlander's method with both aesthetically and functionally satisfactory results. This method consists of forming two equilaterally triangular mucosal flaps on the vermilion and a small triangular skin flap in the n...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199210000-00025
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study was conducted to compare the gastrostomy rates in infants with Pierre Robin sequence treated with tongue-lip adhesion or mandibular distraction osteogenesis. METHODS:This was a retrospective study of symptomatic plastic and reconstructive surgery patients treated over an 8-year period. The primar...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002865
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the best method for treating deep second- and third-degree burned hands in our institution, a prospective study comparing early excision and grafting with nonsurgical treatment was undertaken. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, and the hands in the first group were excised and grafted with...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00006534-198204000-00017
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathologic cause of both rare craniofacial clefts and congenital limb ring constrictions is the subject of some debate. Uncommon though these two conditions are, they have often been anecdotally reported in association. This study sought to determine the frequency of congenital limb anomalies in general and limb r...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199803000-00010
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Suture knots present several disadvantages in wound closure, because they are tedious to tie and place ischemic demands on tissue. Bulky knots may be a nidus for infection, and they may extrude through skin weeks after surgery. Needle manipulations during knot-tying predispose the surgeon to glove perforatio...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000209971.08264.b0
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The etiology of acquired ptosis is almost always disinsertion of the levator aponeurosis from the tarsal plate. As opposed to congenital ptosis, where levator resection is required to compensate for muscle weakness, acquired ptosis can be consistently treated with simple levator reattachment. This study examines both ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The umbilicus offers no functional importance to the adult human but remains a key aesthetic landmark of the anterior abdominal wall, and its absence can be a cause for concern in aesthetic and reconstructive patients. Umbilical reconstruction or transposition for abdominoplasty and abdominally based flap operations i...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007292
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrin glue was applied at the anastomotic site of the vein graft that was placed in rat femoral artery defects by the telescoping anastomotic technique at both proximal and distal anastomoses. All 35 vein grafts thus placed were patent, yielding a statistically higher patency rate than those placed in the same femora...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199511000-00026
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most frequent muscle hernia of the lower extremities is the anterior tibialis muscle hernia. A number of surgical procedures are available for the treatment of symptomatic anterior tibialis muscle hernias. However, in case of a large fascial defect, their use may be unfeasible or inconvenient. Moreover, current su...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199301000-00026
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although local anesthesia will, and should, continue to be the principal method of anesthesia for most face lift operations, we believe that general endotracheal anesthesia, supplemented by local anesthesia with epinephrine, offers significant advantages in a selected group of patients. We review 100 consecutive rhyti...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197711000-00012
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Online resources for health information are commonly used by many patients. The discrepancy between functional health literacy and available patient information is recognized as an important contributor to health disparities. To provide understandable patient information, the National Institutes of Health an...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000000472
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the complex and challenging treatment of a mutilating hand injury, any available resources need to be primarily recruited. Besides direct digital replantation, the tissue of the nonreplantable "spare parts" could often be "recycled," and also some replantable or injured structures could be "redistributed"...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001721
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of forehead rejuvenation and surgical treatment of migraine headaches, the mass of the corrugator supercilii, the procerus, and the depressor supercilii muscles is replaced with fat for optimal aesthetic contouring of this region and to help prevent recurrence of the glabellar lines. The authors propose a new ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000128825.62390.73
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe crush to the hand is associated with a poor prognosis. The authors investigated the hypothesis that compartment syndrome complicates such injuries. From 1996 to 2000, the authors retrospectively identified 11 patients who, after sustaining a closed crush injury, developed acute hand compartment syndrome. Diagno...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000025183.78057.9B
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue factor pathway inhibitor is a naturally occurring protein inhibitor of factor X and the tissue factor-factor VII complex of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The potential of tissue factor pathway inhibitor as a topical antithrombotic agent was evaluated in a rabbit model of thrombosis that combined intimal...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199603000-00015
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although multiple acellular dermal matrix sources exist, it is unclear how its processing impacts complication rates. The authors compared complications between two preparations of human cadaveric acellular dermal matrix (freeze dried and ready-to-use) in immediate tissue expander breast reconstruction to an...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000004323
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prognostic factors that determine outcome in patients with necrotizing fasciitis remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the variables that affect the mortality and morbidity of patients with necrotizing fasciitis and to create a simple method for estimating the probability of mort...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000259040.71478.27
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although postoperative monitoring of microsurgical reconstruction is key to discovering early vascular compromise, monitoring a buried flap can be problematic. METHODS:A single surgeon's tracheal and pharyngoesophageal reconstructions with fasciocutaneous free flaps performed between 2002 and 2007 are revie...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e318196b9a3
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1985 through 1987, five of eight infants with thoracic wounds at Yale-New Haven Hospital underwent chest-wall reconstruction. In total, the eight infants underwent 17 procedures (including multiple open resuscitations) exclusive of the reconstructive operations. Patients undergoing reconstruction ranged from 1 to...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198812000-00010
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Le Fort I osteotomy is a versatile operation for correction of developmental, congenital, and posttraumatic deformities of the lower midface. One of the challenges of the osteotomy is pterygomaxillary separation, with the potential for unfavorable fractures to the orbit/skull base or vascular injury. A modified te...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000006751
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a patient with electrical burns which resulted in loss of the right upper arm and a urinary bladder fistula. A jump flap was used to cover the repaired bladder, and also to cover the stump of the amputated right arm. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-197803000-00026
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Maintenance of Certification module series is designed to help the clinician structure his or her study in specific areas appropriate to his or her clinical practice. This article is prepared to accompany practice-based assessment of preoperative assessment, anesthesia, surgical treatment plan, perioperative manag...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e318204aeb2
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition is currently the most popular technique for operative treatment of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Based on the evidence, however, it is uncertain whether the addition of ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition to trapeziectomy c...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e318217435a
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite a 12 to 82 percent pressure ulcer recurrence rate, no standard protocol exists for postoperative management. The authors reviewed a single surgeon's experience using a standard protocol: surgery and immediate reconstruction regardless of nutrition, intraoperative bone culture guiding postoperative an...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182442197
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The misuse and abuse of opioids, including overprescription, has led to the current opioid epidemic and national crisis. There is a national effort to eliminate the unnecessary prescription of opioids for analgesia. METHODS:Seventy patients were randomized to receive postoperative analgesia with either 5 mg...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007427
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00