Abstract:
:The study of signed languages provides an opportunity to identify those characteristics of language that are universal and to investigate the effect of production modality (signed vs. spoken) on the grammar. Over time, American Sign Language (ASL) has accommodated itself to the production and perception requirements of the manual/visual modality, resulting in a prosodic system that is comparable in function to spoken languages but different in means of expression. The present focus is on phrasal prominence in ASL. I review the marking of stress and phrase boundaries in ASL, and discuss prominence assignment at the phrasal level, with brief mention of lexical stress. At the kinematic level, there is a modality effect in marking of linguistic prominence but no modality effect with respect to marking phrase position. Of significance is the fact that ASL lacks phrasal prominence plasticity, that is the ability to move prominence to mark focus in a sentence location other than phrase final. I review the typological implications of how ASL handles prominence as compared to other languages.
journal_name
Lang Speechjournal_title
Language and speechauthors
Wilbur RBdoi
10.1177/00238309990420020501subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-04-01 00:00:00pages
229-50eissn
0023-8309issn
1756-6053journal_volume
42 ( Pt 2-3)pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The principal aim of this investigation was to compare coarticulatory effects at different levels of the speech production system, in order to gain insight into the relations between the different levels. To this end, the relative magnitudes of carryover and anticipatory coarticulation with adjacent vowels were measur...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383099303600307
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a data set of 291 spontaneous utterances from German 5-year-olds, 7-year-olds and adults, nuclear pitch contours were labeled manually using the GToBI annotation system.Ten different contour types were identified.The fundamental frequency (F0) of these contours was modeled using third-order orthogonal polynomials, ...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830910397495
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study tests the output constraints hypothesis that languages with a crowded phonemic vowel space would allow less vowel-to-vowel coarticulation than languages with a sparser vowel space to avoid perceptual confusion. Mandarin has fewer vowel phonemes than Cantonese, but their allophonic vowel spaces are similarly...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830912443948
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Today, virtually all speakers of Mapudungun (formerly Araucanian), an endangered language of Chile and Argentina, are bilingual in Spanish. As a result, the firmness of native speaker intuitions-especially regarding perceptually complex issues such as word-stress-has been called into question. Even though native intui...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830916628899
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study is concerned with lax /u/-fronting in Standard British English and in particular with whether this sound change in progress can be attributed to a waning of the perceptual compensation for the coarticulatory effects of context. Younger and older speakers produced various monosyllables in which /u/ oc...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830911422194
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poor beginning readers often have difficulty comprehending spoken sentences with complex syntactic structures. This study attempts to identify the reasons for this difficulty. Second-grade good and poor readers were tested for comprehension of spoken sentences containing the temporal terms before and after. Processing...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383098903200103
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we investigate syntactic and prosodic features of the speaker's speech at points where turn-taking and backchannels occur, on the basis of our analysis of Japanese spontaneous dialogs. Specifically, we focus on features such as part of speech, duration, F0 contour pattern, relative height of the peak F0...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383099804100404
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Speech convergence is the tendency of talkers to become more similar to someone they are listening or talking to, whether that person is a conversational partner or merely a voice heard repeating words. To elucidate the nature of the mechanisms underlying convergence, this study uses different levels of task difficult...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830916665652
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The audiovisual speech signal contains multimodal information to phrase boundaries. In three artificial language learning studies with 12 groups of adult participants we investigated whether English monolinguals and bilingual speakers of English and a language with opposite basic word order (i.e., in which objects pre...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830919842353
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some languages, such as Finnish, use speech-sound duration as the primary cue for a phonological quantity distinction. For second-language (L2) learners, quantity is often difficult to master if speech-sound duration plays a less important role in the phonology of their native language (L1). By comparing the categoriz...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00238309050480030401
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certain consonant/vowel (CV) combinations are more frequent than would be expected from the individual C and V frequencies alone, both in babbling and, to a lesser extent, in adult language, based on dictionary counts: Labial consonants co-occur with central vowels more often than chance would dictate; coronals co-occ...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830911434123
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::That lipreading plays a role in phoneme recognition, even when the acoustic signal alone is phonologically unambiguous, has been concluded from experiments in the perception of discrepant combinations of acoustic and visual speech signals. Little is known about the effect of visual information on explicitly phonetic j...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383099203500402
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of orthographic knowledge has been consistently observed in dissimilarity speech recognition and metaphonological tasks. The present study provides data suggesting that such influence also pervades other cognitive domains phonological related to language abilities, such as verbal working memory. Using se...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830910371450
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study looks at the syllable onset interval (SOI) patterning in Taiwan Mandarin spontaneous speech and its relationship to discourse and syntactic units. Monologs were elicited by asking readers to tell stories depicted in comic strips and were transcribed and segmented into Discourse Segment Units (Grosz & Sidner...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00238309040470010301
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of emotion in language is a key element of human interactions and a rich area for cognitive research. The present study examined reactions to words of five types: positive emotion (e.g., happiness), negative emotion (e.g., hatred), positive emotion-laden (e.g., blessing), negative emotion-laden (e.g., prison),...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830916686128
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports on the prosody of rhetorical questions (RQs) and information-seeking questions (ISQs) in German for two question types-polar questions and constituent questions (henceforth "wh-questions"). The results are as follows: Phonologically, polar RQs were mainly realized with H-% (high plateau), while pola...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830918816351
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current research explores the role of lexical representations and processing in the recognition of phonological variants. Two alternative approaches for variant recognition are considered: a representational approach that posits frequency-graded lexical representations for variant forms and inferential processes t...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830913479105
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many languages exhibit constraints on prosodic words, where lexical items must be composed of at least two moras of structure, or a binary foot. Demuth and Fee (1995) proposed that children demonstrate early sensitivity to word-minimality effects, exhibiting a period of vowel lengthening or vowel epenthesis if coda co...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00238309060490020201
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies of Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS) word-order variations have demonstrated the human processing system's tendency to interpret a sentence-initial (case-) ambiguous argument as the subject of the clause ("subject preference"). The electroencephalogram study motivating the current report revealed earlier r...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830918801399
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine the use of multiple subphonemic differences distinguishing homophones in production and perception, through a case study focusing on the distinction between two polysemous senses of the English word "sorry" (apology vs. attention-seeking). An analysis of production data from voice actors revealed significan...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830921988975
更新日期:2021-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to determine how bilinguals' age at the time of language acquisition influenced the organization of their phonetic system(s). The productions of six English and five Korean vowels by English and Korean monolinguals were compared to the productions of the same vowels by early and late Ko...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00238309050480010101
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper provides three representative examples that highlight the ways in which procedures can be combined to study interactions across traditional domains of study: segmentation, word learning, and grammar. The first section uses visual familiarization prior to the Headturn Preference Procedure to demonstrate that...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00238309060490010201
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the link between the perception and production in sound change in progress, both at the regional and the individual level. Two devoicing processes showing regional variation in Dutch are studied: the devoicing of initial labiodental fricatives and of initial bilabial stops. Five regions were se...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830919880206
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing numbers of Hispanic immigrants are entering the US and learning American-English (AE) as a second language (L2). Previous studies investigating the relationship between AE and Spanish vowels have revealed an advantage for early L2 learners for their accuracy of L2 vowel perception. Replicating and extending...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830918806933
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four speaker identification tests were conducted using five female speakers known to the listeners. Starting from acoustic recordings of reiterant "ma" syllables, the perceptual importance of the following three factors was investigated: F0 height, F0 contour, and speech rhythm. For speakers with typically low or high...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/002383099003300302
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a study of the temporal organization of lexical repair in spontaneous Dutch speech. It assesses the extent to which offset-to-repair duration and repair tempo can be predicted on the basis of offset timing, reparandum tempo and measures of the informativeness of the crucial lexical items in the rep...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830915618427
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Voice onset time (VOT) is a temporal acoustic parameter that reflects motor speech coordination skills. This study investigated the patterns of age and sex differences across development of voice onset time in a group of 70 English-speaking children, ranging in age from 4.1 to 18.4 years, and 12 young adults. The effe...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830914522994
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following our work on the relationship between eyebrow movements and the fundamental frequency of the voice, this article presents the results of a study on this phenomenon, and also on the temporal location of rapid eyebrow movements with respect to speaking turns during dialogue. We used an automatic movement-acquis...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830909103167
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The empirical focus of this paper is a conversational turn-taking phenomenon in which conjunctions produced immediately after a point of possible syntactic and pragmatic completion are treated by co-participants as points of possible completion and transition relevance. The data for this study are audio-video recordin...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0023830911428858
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous works in English have revealed that disfluencies follow regular patterns and that incorporating them into the language model of a speech recognizer leads to lower perplexities and sometimes to a better performance. Although work on disfluency modeling has been applied outside the English community (e.g., in J...
journal_title:Language and speech
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00238309060490030201
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00