Abstract:
:This randomized, open-labeled, multicenter study was designed to assess safety and pharmacokinetics of dronabinol (Marinol) tablets and megestrol acetate (Megace) micronized tablets, alone and in combination, for treatment of HIV wasting syndrome. Weight and quality of life data were also collected. Fifty-two patients (mean CD4+ count, 59 cells/microliter) were randomized to one of four treatment arms: dronabinol 2.5 mg twice/day (D); megestrol acetate 750 mg/day (M750); megestrol acetate 750 mg/day+dronabinol 2.5 mg twice/day (M750+D); or megestrol acetate 250 mg/day+dronabinol 2.5 mg twice/day (M250+D). After therapy initiation, 47 patients returned for at least one visit, and 39 completed the planned 12 weeks of study visits. Occurrence of adverse events, drug discontinuation, new AIDS-defining conditions, or CD4+ T lymphocyte changes were not statistically significantly different among arms. Serious adverse events assessed as related to dronabinol included CNS events (e.g., confusion, anxiety, emotional lability, euphoria, hallucinations) and those assessed as related to megestrol acetate included dyspnea, liver enzyme changes, and hyperglycemia. The mean weight change +/- SE over 12 weeks was as follows: D, -2.0 +/- 1.3 kg; M750, +6.5 +/- 1.1 kg; M750+D, +6.0 +/- 1.0 kg; and M250+D, -0.3 +/- 1.0 kg (difference among treatment arms, p = 0.0001). Pharmacokinetic parameters measured after 2 weeks of therapy for M750 were Cmax = 985 ng/ml and AUC = 22,487 ng x hr/ml, and for dronabinol and its active metabolite (HO-THC), respectively, were Cmax = 2.01; 4.61 ng/ml and AUC = 5.3; 23.7 ng x hr/ml. For megestrol acetate, but not dronabinol, there was a positive correlation at week 2 between both Cmax and AUC with each of the following: (1) weight change, (2) breakfast visual analog scale for hunger (VASH) score, and (3) dinner VASH score.
journal_name
AIDS Res Hum Retrovirusesjournal_title
AIDS research and human retrovirusesauthors
Timpone JG,Wright DJ,Li N,Egorin MJ,Enama ME,Mayers J,Galetto Gdoi
10.1089/aid.1997.13.305subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-03-01 00:00:00pages
305-15issue
4eissn
0889-2229issn
1931-8405journal_volume
13pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验abstract::Combinations of drugs targeting viral proteins have been used to limit or control drug resistance, which is the most important cause of treatment failure in HIV-1-infected individuals. We suggest an alternative approach, namely to target cellular proteins, which are less prone to mutations than viral proteins. Here we...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/aid.1997.13.1403
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 Nef (Nef) is a myristoylated protein that contributes to HIV disease pathogenesis. Nef has a modulatory effect on T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, resulting in up-regulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in stimulated T cells. Recent studies have shown that efficient TCR signaling requires enhanced associat...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922204323087804
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many countries, HIV testing among tuberculosis (TB) patients is recommended so that both infections are appropriately treated. Cross-reacting antibodies to HIV antigens have been reported for several conditions, including TB, leprosy, malaria, and rheumatoid arthritis. To study the pattern and prevalence of cross-r...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0211
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 and HTLV-1 infect CD4(+) T lymphocyte but little is known about the impact of coinfection on patient's immune response. In this study we have evaluated the spontaneous production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ by unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2011.0192
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An SV40-based expression vector was used to generate CD4-negative murine L cell lines which stably expressed the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein (env). Despite the presence of abundant intracellular envelope glycoprotein, the expression of env gp120/41 was not detected on the cell surface. Pulse-cha...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.1999
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus provides an efficient mode for virus spread and poses unique challenges to vaccine developers. Host and viral factors that affect transmission have been studied by epidemiological approaches in the human population, and some of these factors have been modeled with ex...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel deletion of residue 69 of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) gene was detected in combination with mutations V75I/V and F77L/F in a patient with partial virological response to several antiretroviral drug regimens, including stavudine (D4T), didanosine (DDI), lamivudine (3TC), saquinavir (SQV), and nevirapin...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922201750461366
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the association between presence of drug resistance mutations and phenotypic resistance at baseline to virologic response to salvage therapy in a community setting. The study population consisted of 58 antiretroviral drug-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection who had recently switched therapy b...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922201753197042
更新日期:2001-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of switching to a dolutegravir (DTG)-based regimen in a cohort of virological suppressed HIV-infected patients. The dynamics of total HIV-DNA and levels of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble-CD14 (sCD14) and D-Dimer were also ana...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2020.0196
更新日期:2021-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::The domain of HIV-2 Vpx previously shown to be important for virion incorporation has been mapped to residues 73--89. Mutational analysis of this domain was employed to further define the sequences important for incorporation into virus-like particles, using a vaccinia virus expression system. Deletion of residues 73-...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/08892220150217193
更新日期:2001-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Gag-specific immune responses and changes in HIV-1 RNA levels were evaluated in eight HIV-1-infected persons, in order to assess the immunotherapeutic potential HIV-1 p17/p24: Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP). All treated subjects showed transient and dose-dependent proliferative responses to the Ty-VLP carrier (stim...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/aid.1997.13.393
更新日期:1997-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::Heparin (Hep) and sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) have been reported to inhibit HIV infection in vitro. In vivo, anticoagulant activity and reduced bioavailability were found to limit the antiviral effects of Hep. In this investigation, three nonanticoagulant N-acylated Hep conjugates [OI1:3Hep, Pal1:5Hep, and Pal1:5He...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.63
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) levels in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men at risk for infection in the United States. Stored samples collected between 1999 and 2008 were tested for vitamin D metabolites between 2014 and 2015. Vit...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/AID.2016.0144
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD4(+) T cell help is important for the functionality of CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in limiting viral replication and may contribute to mediation of apparent resistance to HIV-1 infection in exposed seronegative (ESN) individuals. Using five HIV-1 antigens in an intracellular cytokine assay, the presence of...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922204322749512
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with HIV-1 and human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) coinfections often exhibit a clinical course similar to that seen in HIV-1-infected individuals who are long-term nonprogressors. These findings have been attributed in part to the ability of HTLV-2 to activate production of antiviral chemokines and to...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2013.0027
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although suppression of HIV-1 RNA below the limit of detection is associated with optimal outcomes, many patients can maintain or increase their CD4(+) count for prolonged time periods in the presence of persistent low-level viremia. We followed seven patients with prolonged (>5 years) discordant CD4(+)/viral load (VL...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2005.21.13
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) constitute the most commonly used drugs in antiretroviral therapy. NRTIs differ with respect to their host cell toxicity. We compared the in vitro effect of zidovudine (AZT; 2 μg/ml), lamivudine (3TC; 5 μg/ml), stavudine (d4T; 1 μg/ml), and tenofovir (TFV; 1 μ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0067
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple drug effect analyses with mismatched double-stranded RNA (mismatched dsRNA or Ampligen) as a core drug were performed to identify other agents and mechanisms through which mismatched dsRNA may potentiate effective therapeutic intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Antiviral activities w...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1989.5.193
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins (Env) mediate virus entry and are the target of neutralizing antibodies. Binding of the metastable HIV-1 Env trimer to the CD4 receptor triggers structural rearrangements that mediate Env conformational transitions from a closed conformation to a more open state through an int...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/AID.2018.0102
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coadministration of pVecB7, a replication-defective SIV DNA vaccine, with interleukin-12 and GM-CSF expression plasmids, induced markedly enhanced control of viral replication and disease-free survival in macaques challenged intrarectally with pathogenic SIVsmE660. Protective mechanisms correlated with broader cell-me...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922203322493058
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main goal of this work was to identify molecular signatures in envelope surface glycoprotein that may be correlated with coreceptor usage by different human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2 strains. From inspection of aligned HIV-2 sequences, we verified that V1/V2 region showed the highest degree of amino acid sequ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2017.0192
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic analysis of partial env sequences of HIV-1 isolates from Cyprus and Greece suggested the existence of a distinct subtype of the virus, designated as I. We examined whether this subtype represents a distinct group, or a mosaic consisting of previously characterized subtypes. The full-length sequences under...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922299310836
更新日期:1999-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Sequences from the nef/LTR overlap region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) genome were amplified from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 40 HIV-2-infected individuals in The Gambia, West Africa. Additional sequences from the plasma of three blood donors were also derived. Anal...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922201750063197
更新日期:2001-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and RNA-HIV viral load outcomes has been extensively shown. Although there are different procedures for assessing treatment adherence, there is no ideal method. We present the SERAD (Self-Reported Adherence) questionnaire, a qualitative...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/aid.2006.0120
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cell-mediated immunity T cells recognize peptide fragments of the antigenic protein in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Synthetic 9- to 16-mer peptides have been widely used to identify the region(s) of a protein that act as T cell epitope. Here, we report antigenic peptides identif...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1995.11.1335
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::High level of HIV prevalence was found in some specific areas or populations in China. Shijingshan district was one of the areas with rapid increase of newly reported HIV cases in Beijing, China. Comprehensive investigation on HIV genetic characteristics is necessary in the district. In this study, we enrolled 223 new...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2018.0263
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleotide sequences for long terminal repeat (LTR), gag, the protease gene, and pol of a human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) isolate of probable Caribbean origin (HTLV-1CH) and a Zairian isolate (HTLV-1EL) were determined providing complete proviral sequences for these isolates. These sequences were compared w...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1991.7.923
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During HIV-1 infection, distinct biological phenotypes are observed between R5 and X4 HIV-1 strains with respect to pathogenicity and tropism. In this study, temporal changes of the expression levels of the complete human transcriptome, representing 47,000 well-characterized human transcripts, were monitored in the fi...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0120
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence derived from studies concerning brain metabolism and brain electrical activity suggests that temporal lobe functioning is impaired in the course of HIV infection. To test the hypothesis of temporal lobe dysfunction in HIV infection, we utilized computerized electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis to evaluate temp...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.547
更新日期:1996-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::We aim to determine the prevalence of HIV nonsuppression and factors associated with it. This is a cross-sectional multicenter study carried out in January 2016 with data of the VACH Cohort, a registry participated by 23 hospitals from most regions of Spain. The prevalence of HIV nonsuppression, defined as HIV RNA ≥20...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2020.0016
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00