Abstract:
:It has been widely demonstrated that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope, specifically the V3 loop of the gp120 spike, evolves to facilitate adaptation to different cellular populations within an infected host. Less energy has been directed at determining whether the viral promoter, designated the long terminal repeat (LTR), also exhibits this adaptive quality. Because of the unique nature of the cell populations infected during the course of HIV-1 infection, one might expect the opportunity for such adaptation to exist. This would permit select viral species to take advantage of the different array of conditions and factors influencing transcription within a given cell type. To investigate this hypothesis, the function of natural variants of the NF-kappaB-proximal Sp element (Sp site III) was examined in human cell line models of the two major cell types infected during the natural course of HIV-1 infection, T cells and monocytes. Utilizing the HIV-1 LAI molecular clone, which naturally contains a high-affinity Sp site III, substitution of low-affinity Sp sites in place of the natural site III element markedly decreased viral replication in Jurkat T cells. However, these substitutions had relatively small effects on viral replication in U-937 monocytic cells. Transient transfections of HIV-1 LAI-based LTR-luciferase constructs into these cell lines suggest that the large reduction in viral replication in Jurkat T cells, caused by low-affinity Sp site III variants, may result from reduced basal as well as Vpr- and Tat-activated LTR activities in Jurkat T cells compared to those in U-937 monocytic cells. When the function of Sp site III was examined in the context of HIV-1 YU-2-based LTR-luciferase constructs, substitution of a high-affinity element in place of the natural low-affinity element resulted in increased basal YU-2 LTR activity in Jurkat T cells and reduced activity in U-937 monocytic cells. These observations suggest that recruitment of Sp family members to Sp site III is of greater importance to the function of the viral promoter in the Jurkat T cell line as compared to the U-937 monocytic cell line. These observations also suggest that other regions of the LTR may compensate for Sp recruitment defects in specific cell populations.
journal_name
Virologyjournal_title
Virologyauthors
McAllister JJ,Phillips D,Millhouse S,Conner J,Hogan T,Ross HL,Wigdahl Bdoi
10.1006/viro.2000.0476subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-09-01 00:00:00pages
262-77issue
2eissn
0042-6822issn
1096-0341pii
S0042-6822(00)90476-8journal_volume
274pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
VIROLOGY文献大全abstract::Cell-to-cell and long-distance transport of some plant viruses requires coordinated action of three movement proteins encoded by triple gene block (TGB). The largest of TGB proteins, TGBp1, is a member of the superfamily I of DNA/RNA helicases and possesses a set of conserved helicase sequence motifs necessary for vir...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1328
更新日期:2002-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) promotes virion entry into cells by fusing the virion envelope with the cellular membrane. We recently reported that UB cells (U373 glioblastoma cells constructed to produce HCMV gB constitutively) form multinucleate syncytia that are dependent on the density of gB in t...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1290
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Frog virus 3 (FV3) is the type species member of the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae). To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the replication of FV3, including transcription of its highly methylated DNA genome, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the FV3 genome. The FV3 genom...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.02.019
更新日期:2004-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphorylated protein pp65 of human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the predominant virion protein and the major tegument constituent. It plays important roles in HCMV infection and virion assembly. Live cell imaging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis showed that HCMV pp65 accumulated dynami...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.021
更新日期:2009-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) genome cyclization is mediated by two pairs of long-distance RNA/RNA interactions: the 5'CS/3'CSI (conserved sequence) and the 5'UAR/3'UAR (upstream AUG region) base pairings. Antisense peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs), designed to interfere with the 5'CS/3'CSI o...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2008.08.044
更新日期:2008-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Our study reports the occurrence of HIV-1 insertional activation events in vivo. Using a previously described PCR assay, small aliquots of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) cells obtained from AIDS patients were analyzed. Nine percent (5/54) of the aliquots contained proviral-host sequence transcripts indicating HIV-1 pro...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1161
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments with monoclonal antibodies raised against two laboratory strains of Sindbis virus, SB and SIN, suggested the existence of a strain-specific neutralizing antigenic site (E2-b) on the E2 glycoprotein. A comparison of monoclonal antibody binding patterns and E2 glycoprotein gene sequences of six laboratory st...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(87)90175-9
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) immediate-early gene encoding BICP4, the homolog of the ICP4 protein of herpes simplex virus. Combined with previous mapping studies, the sequence analysis revealed that the transcript for BICP4 consisted of a noncoding leader RNA (exon 1; ...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1596
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The poxvirus virion contains an inner tubular nucleocapsid structure. The nucleocapsid is apparently labile to conventional electron microscopy fixation procedures and has therefore been largely ignored for decades. Advancements in electron microscopy sample preparation, notably high pressure freezing, better preserve...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2012.08.019
更新日期:2012-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses can become highly pathogenic in chickens after interspecies transmission. These viruses have transmitted directly to humans from birds in Eurasia and Africa (H5N1), the Netherlands (H7N7), and Canada (H7N3). Here we report antigenic, sequence, and phylogenetic analyses of H7N3 viruses...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.008
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure and function of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) UL34 homologous protein were characterized. A UL34 protein-specific antiserum reacted with an M(r)28,000 protein that could not be detected in purified extracellular virions. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that UL34 reactivity mainly ...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.2002.1488
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a representative alpha herpes virus able to induce rapid-onset T-cell lymphoma in its natural host and regarded as an ideal model for the study of virus-induced tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that the mdv1-miR-M4-5p, a viral analog of cellular miR-155, is critical for MDV׳s onc...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.11.027
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are more than 100 known adenovirus serotypes, including 50 human serotypes. They can infect all 5 major vertebrate classes but only Aviadenovirus infecting birds and Mastadenovirus infecting mammals have been well studied. CELO (chicken embryo lethal orphan) adenovirus is responsible for mild respiratory patholo...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2008.05.011
更新日期:2008-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major causative agent of blood-borne non-A non-B hepatitis. The persistence of HCV infection is believed to reflect escape from the host immunosurveillance system by mutations in hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the envelope protein 2 (E2). Two envelope proteins of HCV, E1 and E2, have b...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8516
更新日期:1997-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Viral functions essential for the establishment of latent infection in murine sensory neurons in vivo were investigated by employing a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) variant (KD6/B11) deleted for expression of the ICP4 gene and therefore unable to replicate. Since the viral DNA persisted in these cells, the laten...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1089
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A stem-loop structure, formed by a pair of inverted repeats during DNA replication, is a conserved feature at the origin of DNA replication among plant and animal viruses, bacteriophages and plasmids that replicate their genomes via the rolling-circle replication (RCR) mechanism. In this work, a head-to-tail tandem co...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2007.01.017
更新日期:2007-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Aside from a common gene organization shared with other picornaviruses, hepatitis A virus (HAV) is characterized by its slow-growth phenotype, the inability to shut off host macromolecular synthesis, and, in general, lack of cytopathic (cp) effects in permissive cell cultures. Nevertheless, several cp HAV strains have...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1999.0070
更新日期:2000-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The APOBEC3 enzyme family are host restriction factors that induce mutagenesis of HIV-1 proviral genomes through the deamination of cytosine to form uracil in nascent single-stranded (-)DNA. HIV-1 suppresses APOBEC3 activity through the HIV-1 protein Vif that induces APOBEC3 degradation. Here we compared two common po...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.11.004
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Primary duck hepatocytes maintained in serum-free culture medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide support efficient replication of duck hepatitis B virus following infection in vitro. Cells remain susceptible to infection for at least 2 weeks after plating, allowing spread of virus via repeat cycles of infection. Up to 1...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(89)90199-2
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dependence of retroviral replication on cell proliferation was described as early as 1958, although different classes of retroviruses are able to infect non-dividing cells with different efficiencies. For example, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other lentiviruses infect most non-dividing cells nearly a...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.012
更新日期:2006-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The 2009 influenza pandemic originated from a swine-origin H1N1 virus, which, although less pathogenic than anticipated, may acquire additional virulence-associated mutations in the future. To estimate the potential risk, we sequentially passaged the isolate A/Hamburg/04/2009 in A549 human lung epithelial cells. After...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.002
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the cellular autophagy pathway have exploded over the past twenty years. Now appreciated as a constitutive degradative mechanism that promotes cellular homeostasis, autophagy is also required for a variety of developmental processes, cellular stress responses, and immune pathways. Autophagy certainly acts a...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.042
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The technique of cDNA polymerase chain reaction was used to study the heterogeneity of adenovirus type 12 early region 1A mRNAs in infected and transformed cells. In addition to 13 S and 12 S mRNAs, three transcripts of 10 S, 9.5 S, and 9 S could be isolated from infected HeLa cells. A fourth transcript of 11 S was fo...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(90)90125-b
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies to avian sarcoma/leukosis virus-coded transforming, structural, and polymerase proteins have been developed. In this first communication, a monoclonal antibody to pp60src will be characterized. The antibody can bind to pp60src in radioimmunoassays, precipitates this antigen in protein kinase test...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(84)90440-9
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein B (gB) is one of 10 glycoproteins in the virion envelope and in the membranes of infected cells. It is required for infection of cells in culture and functions in penetration of the cell by fusing the virion envelope with the plasma membrane. In studies to map the functional domains...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(92)90064-v
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Baculoviruses encode fibroblast growth factor (vfgf) homologs whose function during virus infection is unknown. We constructed a recombinant bacmid of Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) lacking a functional vfgf and characterized it in two insect cell lines. The kinetics of budded virus production ...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.01.016
更新日期:2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The 380-kb chlorella virus NY-2A genome is highly methylated; 45% of the cytosines are 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 37% of the adenines are N6-methyladenine (6mA). Based on the sensitivity/resistance of NY-2A DNA to 80 methylation-sensitive DNA restriction endonucleases, the virus is predicted to encode at least 10 DNA ...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8936
更新日期:1998-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::The most recent introduction of an avian influenza A virus without reassortment into mammals occurred in 1979 when H1N1 strains could be isolated from diseased pigs in northern Europe. This newly introduced avian virus formed a stable lineage in pigs and, in the meantime, spread all over Europe. In 1991 highly pathoge...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1344
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirteen viable insertion mutants of vaccinia virus have been constructed. These mutants, containing coding sequences of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene, were generated by marker transfer via in vivo recombination. The mutants were identified using a replica filter plating technique by in situ ...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(86)90132-7
更新日期:1986-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::H4N8 subtype avian influenza viruses were isolated from shorebirds in eastern Hokkaido. All the isolates shared >99.7% nucleotide homology, and all the viral genes except for PB1 were highly related to those of A/red-necked stint/Australia/1/04. Thus, the isolates were regarded as PB1 reassortants. The most similar PB...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2011.11.019
更新日期:2012-02-05 00:00:00