Abstract:
:We have studied, on blood samples, the level of immunocompetence (concentration of immune cells, phagocytic process of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, proliferative response of lymphocytes to mitogens), the ascorbic acid content of such immunocompetent cells and the "stress hormone" status (cortisol, ACTH and beta-endorphin) of 10 cyclists, members of the Spanish Indoor Olympic Team and participants in the Olympic Games of Barcelona '92. The study was performed twice during their training for such an event: during the third year of the program (February, 1991) and immediately before the Games (June, 1992). As regards the phagocytic process of neutrophils, we studied the different steps of this process: adherence to endothelium, directed mobility or chemotaxis, ingestion of latex beads and superoxide anion production measured by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. We observed a statistically significant increase in chemotaxis and NBT reduction activity just before the Games as compared to the third year of the program, whereas variations were not found in the other parameters. The values of the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes were slightly higher in June '92 than in February '91, but no statistically significant differences were found. The ascorbic acid content decreased strikingly (especially in lymphocytes) immediately before the Games. Regarding the stress hormones and neuropeptides (cortisol, ACTH and beta-endorphin), we observed an increase in serum ACTH and beta-endorphin levels in the last determination (June '92) in comparison to the first one (February '91). These results suggest that, at the end of a long-term training program. no immunosuppression occurs, although an important increase in the concentration of stress hormones (ACTH and beta-endorphin) is found. This is probably caused by the psychological stress associated to the participation in such an important event as the Olympic Games.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
Ferrández MD,Maynar M,De la Fuente Mdoi
10.1055/s-2007-972900subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-01 00:00:00pages
592-6issue
8eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The aim of the study was to compare the effects of two different models of altering the frequency of strength training sessions of females. The "regular training" (RT) consisted of one training unit every third day over the whole menstrual cycle. The "menstrual cycle triggered training" (MCTT) was characterized by wor...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-973052
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study aimed to verify possible associations between game-play running performance and outcomes derived from fitness (running) tests in female futsal players. Sixteen women professional elite futsal players from a 1st division league team (19.2±2 years-old, 4.3±2.1 years of experience) participated. Firstly, a grad...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-1202-1496
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acute effect of weightlifting on beta-endorphin and estradiol was studied in experienced female recreational weightlifters. Five eumenorrheic females completed two months of testing, each with a different sequence of testing conditions (SEQ1 and SEQ2). In SEQ1, a week of weight maintenance diet and prescribed exer...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021313
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-six male runners aged 14-16 years not yet specifically trained for sprint or middle-distance running performed a field test with distances of 25 m, 75 m, and 1000 m. Before the field test they were designated as sprinters (n = 19) and middle-distance runners (n = 7) according to their self-assessment and the es...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024855
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This investigation evaluated the effects of beverage carbonation and carbohydrate (CHO) content on fluid replacement following exercise/thermal dehydration. On four occasions separated by at least 7 days, eight healthy men cycled at 50% of VO2max in a hot environmental chamber (40 degrees C, 40% relative humidity) unt...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021268
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred and three women who were habitual distance runners and 74 age-matched physically inactive women provided three-day diet records. Intergroup differences in intakes of energy nutrients, micronutrients, cholesterol and fiber were evaluated via analysis of variance and, to assess qualitative differences, via a...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024838
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine long term changes in shoulder and elbow joints of former elite javelin throwers. Twenty-one elite javelin throwers were examined at an average of 19 years after the end of their high performance phase. Mean age at examination was 50 years. Functional assessment of both shoulders ...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2001-13814
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-six male wheelchair basketball players performed a set of field tests to evaluate aerobic capacity (25 m shuttle run), anaerobic capacity (30s sprint), and six specific wheelchair basketball skills. Overall test-retest reliability (n = 20) ranged from r = 0.65 to r = 0.97. To study the validity (criterion relate...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-1999-9465
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross-sectional studies provide evidence of larger cardiac dimensions and mass in endurance trained than in untrained females. Much less is known regarding adaptations in cardiac function following training in untrained subjects. We aimed to study left ventricular (LV) adaptation to indoor cycling in previously untrai...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0043-112341
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0042-104061
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The broad spectrum of skills in sport, with their high demands on strength, speed, endurance, coordination, and flexibility, represents one of the greatest challenges to human motor performances. However, the basic neurophysiological mechanisms in sport are not principally different from those in everyday motor acts. ...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1025805
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of strenuous joint loading on the metabolism of articular cartilage in man is not known. The development of a non-invasive immunoassay for the assessment of the catabolism of cartilage aggrecan has enabled us to quantify keratan sulfate (KS), a component of aggrecan, in the serum of fifteen male marathon ru...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021279
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceived exertion has been investigated during incremental exercise to exhaustion with athletes, according to the 6-20 scale proposed by Borg (RPE, 1970) and a new scale based on the estimation of exhaustion time (t(lim)) (Estimated Time Limit or ETL, from 1 to 20; ETL= 21 - 2 n, with n = log2t(lim)). ETL increased l...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-971089
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::External counterpulsation (ECP), an electrocardiogram-led sequential compression of lower limbs, has been recently proposed for sports recovery, but research is scant. This study examined the effects of an ECP session upon neuromuscular function (vertical jump and torque/velocity characteristics), biochemical response...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-0923-9144
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physical exercise is associated with increases of serum and salivary levels of cortisol. The concomitant increase in serum lactate has been implicated as one of the mechanisms responsible for adrenocortical activation. We evaluated the responses of serum lactate and serum and salivary cortisol to an acute bout of high...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-830449
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-speed running and sprinting training play an important role in the development of physical capabilities, sport-specific performance and injury prevention among soccer players. This commentary aims to summarize the current evidence regarding high-speed running and sprinting training in professional soccer and to i...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-1302-7968
更新日期:2020-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis, leading to a reduced availability of non-esterified fatty acids for energy production in the active skeletal muscles, may be involved in the impairment of endurance exercise capacity after administration of a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent. The effect of increasing the availab...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021137
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ulnar and posterior tibial motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was assessed in 91 athletes and nonathletes. The athletes included male weight lifters, swimmers, jumpers and male and female track sprinters and distance runners. NCV of the weight lifters was significantly faster than that of the other groups for both ...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1025876
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to compare the iron status of 19 top-level soccer players and 20 male control subjects. All players showed no impairment of physical performance and had a dietary iron intake adequate to cover the iron losses. Serum iron, TIBC, % transferrin saturation and serum ferritin were not signi...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024712
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since doping improves athletic performance, anti-doping policies should have the opposite effect. This analysis examined whether changes in the speed of major cycling races reflect recent anti-doping efforts. Average speeds of 5 (th) place finishers of the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia, and Vuelta a España cycling rac...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1247593
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to evaluate recovery of dynamic muscle function following muscle fatigue produced by isokinetic testing. Sixteen physically active males (age = 29.2) performed fatigue and recovery tests on an isokinetic dynamometer (KIN-COM 500H). The fatigue test involved concentric contractions of the quadri...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-2007-972989
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to compare the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and ventilatory threshold (VT) under different environments (TEMP: 22°C; and HOT: 40°C; 50% RH). 8 male subjects (age 23.9±2.4 years, body mass 75.9±7.3 kg and VO2(max) 47.8±4.9 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) performed a series of tests to determine the ...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1277191
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 1982 Aberdeen marathon race was held on a cool (12 degrees C) day on a flat, fast course. Fifty-nine of the 750 runners volunteered to take part in this study: rectal temperature of these competitors was measured within 5 min of completing the race. Venous blood samples were obtained before and immediately after t...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1025806
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nutrition of 57 native Bolivian boys living at high altitude (HA) in La Paz (+/- 4000 m) and of 63 boys living at low altitude (LA) in St. Cruz (+/- 400 m) is described. The dietary information was obtained with a 24-h recall method, by interviewing the child and mother. The food items are listed in household meas...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021121
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main purpose of the present study was to compare the reference metabolic equivalent (MET) value and observed resting oxygen uptake (VO2) for defining cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and characterizing the energy cost of treadmill running. A heterogeneous cohort of 114 healthy men volunteered to participate. In ...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0043-115739
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effects of a twelve months endurance-training program on exercise-induced change in blood contents in thirteen rowers. A standardized testing-session (18 km rowing at 80 % of VO2max) was performed 19 times during the training program. Capillary blood samples were taken at rest and immediately post-exerc...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2003-37194
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on the assumption that the stretch-shortening cycle is a natural way of muscle function, the occurrence of such a cycle was investigated in a diagonal technique of cross-country skiing. Cinematographic, special force platform, and telemetered EMG techniques were employed. The four subjects studied were all elite...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1025703
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the time course of adaptions in insulin sensitivity (IS) in adolescent boys after acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE). Eight boys (15.1±0.4 y) completed three 3-day experimental trials in a randomised order: 1) 8×1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 7...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-0043-118007
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was a retrospective examination of the relationship between estimated dietary sodium intake and training-induced changes in plasma volume (PV). It was undertaken to explore one possible explanation for the large individual differences in PV shifts accompanying 3 d of endurance cycling. Ten healthy males rod...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-973033
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sedentary overweight or obese adult (age<60 years) women, allocated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n=13), dyslipidemia alone (DYS, n=12), dyslipidemia associated with hyperglycaemia (DYSHG, N=12), or healthy control (CON, n=10) groups, had their lipid, glucose, blood pressure, endurance performance, and anthropome...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0044-100387
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00