Abstract:
:In the course of fibrin formation, the D-domains of adjacent fibrin molecules within the fibrin polymer are covalently linked by factor XIIIa, leading to the formation of a D-domain dimer. Proteolysis of this cross-linked fibrin generates fibrin fragments D-dimer and E as terminal products. Fragment D-dimer therefore is an indicator for the proteolysis of cross-linked fibrin, whereas the monomeric fragment D can stem from fibrinogen and non-cross-linked fibrin. Various monoclonal antibodies have been prepared that distinguish between fragments D-dimer and D and allow the detection of fibrin derivatives in the presence of fibrinogen. These anti-D-dimer-antibodies have been shown to react with fragment D-dimer, but also detect dimeric D-domains within larger fibrin compounds, including cross-linked fibrin complexes generated in an early phase of coagulation activation. Assay systems for D-dimer antigen therefore may uncover intravascular clot formation early, by detection of fibrin complexes, and after completion of clot formation, by the detection of proteolytic fragments released from the particulate clot. Various trials have shown that low concentrations of D-dimer antigen in the blood exclude recent venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Elevated levels may be caused by venous thrombotic disease, but also by a variety of other conditions, leading to intra- or extravascular fibrin formation. Assay systems include manual immunoagglutination assays, immunofiltration assays, microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems, automated ELISA systems, and latex-enhanced photometric immunoassays. According to clinical studies, D-dimer assays may be the "first line" of technical screening in symptomatic outpatients with suspected venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, but further prospective management trials, and improved standardization of assay systems, are needed for the validation of this approach.
journal_name
Semin Thromb Hemostjournal_title
Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasisauthors
Dempfle CEdoi
10.1055/s-2000-13221subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
631-41issue
6eissn
0094-6176issn
1098-9064journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread rapidly throughout the world, becoming an overwhelming global health emergency. The array of injuries caused by this virus is broad and not limited to the respiratory system, but encompassing also extensive endothelial and systemic tissue damage. Since statins...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1722307
更新日期:2021-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Clotting activation occurs frequently in cancer. Tissue factor (TF), the most potent initiator of coagulation, is expressed aberrantly in many types of malignancy and is involved not only in tumor-associated hypercoagulability but also in promoting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis via coagulation-dependent and coagul...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-991531
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most acute coronary syndromes result from a platelet-rich occlusion of the coronary arteries. Antiplatelet drugs are of proven efficacy in preventing myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and stroke. However, not all patients on aspirin (ASA) benefit. We studied the phenomenon of aspirin resistance with a simple and...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2005-916677
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platelets have classically been considered crucial effector cells in hemostasis, but now are increasingly recognized as players during inflammatory responses in innate and adaptive immunity. Platelets can recognize and kill invading pathogens, and, upon stimulation, also release a wide array of mediators that modify i...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1607432
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI) is known for its procoagulant as well as anticoagulant properties. The influence of beta2-GPI on tissue factor (TF) activity was investigated by chromogenic assays for both factor Xa generation and factor VIIa activity. When 1.36 mg/mL beta2-GPI was added to phospholipids prior to ...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-995844
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular genetic analysis of families with hemophilia and other heritable bleeding disorders is a frequently requested laboratory investigation. In the United Kingdom, laboratories undertaking genetic testing must participate in a recognized external quality assessment scheme for formal accreditation. The UK National...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1365843
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of case-control studies in the last decade have shown the role of inherited thrombophilia in the occurrence of adverse obstetric outcomes. In small series of cases, it has been proven that rare inherited causes of thrombophilia such as natural anticoagulant deficiencies can be associated with fetal losses. Th...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1242717
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PFA-100 (platelet function analyzer) is a relatively new tool for the investigation of primary hemostasis. This article reviews the history of the PFA-100 and details its clinical utility in several settings. The PFA-100 was first introduced to us in 1995 in an issue of Seminars in Thrombosis And Hemostasis, which...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1145254
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Total fibrinolytic activity in the vasculature is finely tuned by the balance between tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). Although PAI-1 targets plasminogen activators, it also reacts with other serine proteases such as thrombin and factor Xa. The latter was shown to intera...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-9801
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing use of antiplatelet therapy, particularly aspirin and oral P2Y12 inhibitors, in the prevention and management of arterial thrombosis, has stimulated extensive pharmacodynamic studies and research into tailored antiplatelet regimens. Many different methodologies have been studied for monitoring antiplate...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1597298
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial cells secrete von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers that are larger than those found in the circulating plasma. These very large multimeric forms of vWF, capable of spontaneously binding to and agglutinating the blood platelets under conditions of high fluid shear rate, are degraded by a specific metallopr...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2002-27819
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Life expectancy for persons with hemophilia (PWH) has considerably increased in the last decades as a direct result of the availability of modern therapies to control the clotting defect. Because their life expectancy now matches that of the general population, PWH are experiencing age-related comorbidities, such as, ...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1354424
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk for both arterial and venous thrombosis increases with age. Despite the increasing burden of strokes related to atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) among older adults, the use of anticoagulant therapy is limited in this population due to the parallel increase in risk of serious hemorrhag...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1389083
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:We present 25-year experience with inhibitors in previously untreated patients (PUPs) with severe hemophilia A in Slovakia, where safe factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates have been used since 1990. A prospective study focused on inhibitor incidence in PUPs was established in 1997. Out of a total 61 PUPs born be...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1581107
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans, was discovered in the beginning of the 20th century and was initially identified as a procoagulant isolated from liver tissue. After the first application in patients approximately 30 years later, further purification identified the majo...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1395152
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2003-40964
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seminal vesicle protein 4 (SV-IV) is a highly flexible molecule that in aqueous solution behaves as a concentration-dependent self-associating system in which the degree of association (monomer <--> dimer <--> trimer equilibrium) seems to be related to its biological activities. This review reports the functional role...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-958462
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study revises the criteria of the Polycythemia Vera Group (PVSG) for the diagnoses of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) in view of accumulating data on in vitro cultures of hematopoietic progenitors and by adding histopathology from bone marrow biopsies. The majority of ET patients ...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1055/s-2007-996107
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The average age of the US population continues to increase. Age is the most important determinant of disease and disability in humans, but the fundamental mechanisms of aging remain largely unknown. Many age-related diseases are associated with an impaired fibrinolytic system. Elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1387883
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1715094
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of the JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) represents a major breakthrough in our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. One year after its discovery, an impressive number of publications appeared. These articles confirmed most of the initial result...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-942755
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pre-eclampsia (P-EC) is a multisystem disorder exclusive to pregnancy. It complicates ~2 to 8% of all pregnancies and remains a major cause of maternal mortality. P-EC is characterized by a profound hypercoagulable state. The delicate hemostatic balance that must be maintained in the uteroplacental circulation during ...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1270336
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of heparin differ markedly from those of its fractions both in man and in experimental animal models. The route of administration determines the relative availability of different molecular species that exert the anti-Xa, anti-IIa, fibrinopeptide A generation inhibiting actions and the release of ...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1004360
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increase of circulating tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in plasma by heparins is thought to contribute to their overall antithrombotic activity. In a clinical study in healthy volunteers, we recently found that the specific potency of a heparin to mobilize TFPI from the vessel wall increases with its molecu...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-2001-17952
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemophilia A (HA) and hemophilia B (HB) are rare congenital severe bleeding disorders, that may be controlled by proper administration of adequate prophylaxis with factor VIII (FVIII), and factor IX (FIX) concentrates, respectively, to prevent joint damage due to recurrent bleeding. However, approximately 30% of patie...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1612626
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombotic events are uncommon disorders in childhood but increasingly recognized due to the progress made in the understanding of the hemostasis system and the importance of thromboembolic disorders in children. Multiple clinical underlying conditions and prothrombotic disorders contribute to the development of throm...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-951457
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of inhibitory antibodies (inhibitors) to factor VIII (FVIII) is the most serious adverse event in replacement therapy of hemophilia A patients. The etiology and management of this condition remain major challenges for both researchers and clinicians. In the present review, we discuss recent advances in und...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1245106
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of sulfated bis-lactobionic acid amides was prepared. The compounds comprise highly charged poly-anions of very low molecular weight. Usually, the compounds contain 16 sulfate groups per molecule and are homogeneous, monodisperse substances. The molecular weights range from 2388 to 2514. The compounds were ev...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) are thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) that can present in pregnancy. The presentation can be with typical microangiopathic features and thrombocytopenia, but there is also a significant risk of in-utero fetal loss. TTP presents m...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1587683
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platelet-dependent thrombosis is an important part of the pathophysiology of both percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Data support the use of acute therapies that interfere with platelets to provide clinical benefit to patients presenting with acute cardiovascular disease. The ...
journal_title:Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2004-861506
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00