Abstract:
:I calculate the probability that a single high-energy ionizing particle or photon makes two widely spaced double-strand breaks in the same DNA molecule. Deletions (or inversions) between two breaks formed by the same incident particle are linear in radiation dose and occur even at extremely low dose-rates; deletions between breaks induced by separate particles are quadratic in dose and are much fewer at very low dose-rate. The calculations show that for a few grays of sparsely ionizing radiations such as fast electrons, X-rays of gamma-rays, the formation of two double-strand breaks in a DNA molecule 1 megabase in size should be nearly entirely quadratic in dose. For heavily ionizing particles such as alpha particles from radon products, the linear and quadratic terms are comparable in size. These conclusions are robust and insensitive to details of the calculations. The results are essentially the same for DNA in a random coil configuration and for DNA uniformly and randomly distributed within a sphere.
journal_name
Int J Radiat Bioljournal_title
International journal of radiation biologyauthors
Hutchinson Fdoi
10.1080/095530096144699subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-01 00:00:00pages
505-12issue
5eissn
0955-3002issn
1362-3095journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To identify and assess, among the participants in the RENEB (Realizing the European Network of Biodosimetry) project, the emergency preparedness, response capabilities and resources that can be deployed in the event of a radiological or nuclear accident/incident affecting a large number of individuals. These ca...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2016.1227107
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Only a small percentage of the DNA damage set by ionizing radiation in the living cell manifests itself as lethal. It is now increasingly accepted that clustered lesions may constitute the kind of damage that the repair enzymes cannot adequately deal with. The question is raised as to whether damage amplification reac...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009414551501
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta 1) plays a central role in wound healing, so its perturbation by radiation may contribute to the acute and late effects seen in irradiated skin. TGF beta 1 mRNA expression was measured by PCR, in the skin of the CD1 and CBA mouse, exposed to Sr-90 beta from an 11-mm diameter s...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009514551231
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between cellular radiosensitivity and normal-tissue response to radiotherapy in individual cancer patients has attracted increasing attention over the last few years. Recent work has suggested that a correlation exists between fibroblast sensitivity and normal-tissue reactions. We have examined the ra...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530096145021
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::During previous studies on the relationship between thermosensitivity and intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in mammalian cells, we observed that the thermoresistant TR-4 cells appeared to be resistant to manipulations of the Na+/H+ antiport, one of the two primary membrane regulators of pHi. We hypothesized that this ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530096144969
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) hold a great potential for regenerative medicine because, in principle, they can differentiate into any cell type found in the human body. In addition, studying the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on hESC may provide valuable information about the response of human cells to I...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2012.700435
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing models of chromosome aberrations produced by ionizing-radiation predict equal numbers of dicentrics and translocations if the dose is so low that complex aberrations can be ignored. We show that, for a specific subset of aberrations detected by FISH, dicentric/translocation equality is predicted even at highe...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530096145977
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Solar energy has a number of short- and long-term detrimental effects on skin that can result in several skin disorders. The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on endogenous systems within the skin for protection from solar radiation and present research findings to date, on the exogenous opti...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09553002.2010.501842
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intact Chinese hamster ovary cells were exposed to the restriction endonucleases (REs) AluI or BamHI. In metaphase spreads from these cells, 300 breakpoints per RE were localized in G-banded chromosome type aberrations (dicentrics, translocations, rings, terminal and interstitial deletions). The majority of breakpoint...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009514551401
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the radiosensitisation of gold nanoparticles (GNP) with an average diameter of 5 nm coated with the gadolinium chelating agent dithiolated diethylenetriaminepentaacetic gadolinium (Au@DTDTPA:Gd) in vitro and in mice bearing tumours (MC7-L1). MATERIALS AND METHODS:In vivo, the gadolinium chelate ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553001003746067
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Caveolin-1 is a membrane protein highly expressed in many tumors and plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. This review describes the structure of the Caveolin-1 protein and its pre-clinical and clinical significance, demonstrating that Caveolin-1 is a novel biomarker for radioresistance w...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09553002.2016.1222096
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accumulation and repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (dsbs) were determined by neutral filter elution on 20 primary cultures obtained from ovarian cancer and malignant melanoma clinical specimens. The initial frequency of DNA dsbs after exposure to 50 Gy gamma-irradiation varied greatly for the in...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009414551211
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sample preparation procedures for the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assay usually involve a lysis step at temperatures as high as 50 degrees C. During this warm-lysis procedure, multiply damaged sites containing heat-labile sites (HLS) can be converted into double-strand breaks (DSB). Once formed, these DSB ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000500156577
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation-induced myocardial degeneration in the rat is preceded by changes in capillary structure and function, which may be a major factor in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced heart disease. In order to investigate the mechanism of capillary damage we studied endothelial cell proliferation in untreated control r...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009014551131
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), a marine fish, were exposed to gamma-radiation at a dose-rate of 2.0 mGy h-1. They were injected with the antigen trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (TNP-KLH) and their specific humoral immune response to the TNP hapten measured. There were no differences in the primary antibody res...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009514550091
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:5-Formyluracil (5-foU) is a major derivative of thymine produced in DNA by ionizing radiation and various chemical oxidants. It has been previously shown that 5-foU in template DNA directs misincorporation of nucleotides by DNA polymerases during in vitro DNA synthesis. The present experiments were designed to ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530001453113
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the mechanism of NFkappaB activation by X-rays in normal primary rat astrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Primary cultures of type I astrocytes generated from the cortex of neonatal rats were exposed to X-rays with and without various kinase inhibitors and a protease inhibitor. The nuclear or cytop...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/095530098141195
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of lupeol, a pentacyclictriterpene, on the radiosensitivity of a human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo xenografts. METHODS:SMMC-7721 cells were exposed to γ-radiation with or without lupeol and assayed for proliferation, clonogenic survival, apoptosis and cell cycl...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09553002.2015.966209
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine bone marrow contains osteogenic precursor cells that undergo differentiation during in vitro cultivation. In vitro these cells are potential target cells for alpha-irradiation-induced bone tumour formation. Under defined tissue culture conditions these differentiating cells were directly exposed to alpha-partic...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009414551111
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate how irradiation affects thyroid autoimmunity in mouse models of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' hyperthyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Non-obese diabetic (NOD)-H2(h4) mice spontaneously develop anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies and thyroiditis when supplied with sodium iodine (NaI) in the drin...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000802345910
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary chick embryo myoblasts can be a useful tool for studying the developmental events which accompany myoblast differentiation, particularly myoblast membrane fusion. To determine whether the electrical properties and/or fusion in these systems are affected by 50 Hz magnetic fields, chick embryo myoblast cultures ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of a low dose (0.1-20 mGy) preirradiation with X-rays followed by a higher dose (2 Gy) of the same radiation on the recovery of the genetic damage induced as dominant lethals in mature oocytes (stage 14) of different strains of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. The response was shown to be depende...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009414550501
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were analysed in lymphocytes from 12 control persons and 33 Chernobyl clean-up workers. The group of Chernobyl clean-up workers consisted of civilians who were forced to go to Chernobyl to clean up environmental contamination caused by Chernobyl disaster. On average, they received 0.1...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009514550791
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the relationships between the frequencies of radiation-induced chromosomal alterations and the extent of apoptosis in G0 human lymphocytes. MATERIAL AND METHODS:G0 human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) were X or gamma-irradiated, in the presence or absence of the repair inhibitor cytosine arab...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553000500303690
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In this study we addressed the question whether radiation-induced adverse effects on T cell activation are associated with alterations of T cell checkpoint receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Expression levels of checkpoint receptors on T cell subpopulations were analyzed at multiple post-radiation time points ra...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2017.1400192
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A procedure based on a logistic regression model was used to estimate the dose-modifying effect of chemotherapy on the response of normal tissues to radiation. The magnitude of this modifying effect is usually expressed as a dose-effect factor (DEF). Values > 1.0 indicate an enhancing effect of chemotherapy while valu...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009414550821
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of local stimulation on mitotic activity and radiation tolerance was studied in mouse tongue mucosa. Silver nitrate solution (0.5-20%) was used for local conditioning. The most effective protocol comprised three daily treatments (days 0-2), yielding a delayed increase in 24 h mitotic counts by about 30% on ...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553009214551061
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetic scheme of the reaction of desferrioxamine (DFO) with O2-. was studied using pulse and gamma-radiolysis. The rate constant k(O2-. + DFO) is equal to 1.3 +/- 0.1 x 10(6) dm3 mol-1s-1 at pH 7.4. Studying the competition between DFO and ferricytochrome-c for O2-. generated by gamma-radiolysis, we observed that...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553008914552381
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The linear nonthreshold (LNT) model has been used in radiation protection for over 40 years and has been hotly debated. It relies heavily on human epidemiology, with support from radiobiology. The scientific underpinnings include NCRP Report No. 136 ('Evaluation of the Linear-Nonthreshold Dose-Response Model fo...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09553002.2017.1328750
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Ionizing radiation causes various types of DNA damage e.g. single strand breaks (SSB) and double strand breaks (DSB), whereby the SSB/DSB ratio is shifted toward the DSB with increasing LET. For the DNA-incorporated Auger electron emitter Iodine-125 a SSB/DSB ratio of 5.4:1 is calculated based on computer simul...
journal_title:International journal of radiation biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09553002.2020.1851059
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00