Abstract:
:An experimental study was carried out to investigate direct and direct plus trophic contamination routes of the crayfish Astacus astacus by inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) or methylmercury (MeHg). Direct exposure was based on low contamination conditions, 300 and 30 ng/L in the dissolved phase, respectively, during 30 d at 20 degrees C. Trophic exposure was based on daily consumption of the Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea, previously contaminated during 40 d with similar exposure conditions. The Hg concentrations in the bivalves were very similar: 1,451 +/- 287 ng/g for Hg(II) and 1,346 +/- 143 ng/g for MeHg. In the crustaceans, Hg bioaccumulation was analyzed at the whole-organism level and in eight organs (gills, stomach, intestine, hepatopancreas, tail muscle, green gland, carapace, and hemolymph), after 15 and 30 d of exposure. Analysis of the results showed marked differences between Hg(II) and MeHg accumulation in favor of MeHg: for the direct route, the ratio between metal concentrations was close to 8; for the trophic route, no significant increase in Hg accumulation was observed for Hg(II) even when the ratio between Hg concentration in the direct plus trophic contamination route and Hg concentration in the direct contamination route was 1.6 for MeHg, with an estimated trophic transfer rate close to 20%. Mercury organotropism was also specifically connected to the exposure conditions, especially at the biological barrier level according to the route of exposure: gills and carapace for the direct route and digestive tract including hepatopancreas for the trophic route.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Chemjournal_title
Environmental toxicology and chemistryauthors
Simon O,Boudou Asubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-06-01 00:00:00pages
1206-15issue
6eissn
0730-7268issn
1552-8618journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The combined effect of a chemical (fluoranthene) and a nonchemical stress (reduced soil moisture content) to the widely distributed earthworm Lumbricus rubellus were investigated in a laboratory study. Neither fluoranthene (up to 500 microg/g) nor low soil moisture (15% below optimal) had a significant effect on the s...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/08-187.1
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants used in a variety of consumer products. The solid vapor pressures of BDE 15 and BDE 209 were determined by using the Knudsen effusion method, and the values measured extrapolated to 298.15 K are 3.12 × 10(-3) and 9.02 × 10(-13) Pa, respectively. The enthalpie...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.621
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Unit World approach has been used extensively to rank chemicals for their hazards and to understand differences in chemical behavior. Whereas the fate and effects of an organic chemical in a Unit World Model (UWM) analysis vary systematically according to one variable (fraction of organic carbon), and the chemicals ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.606
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrobenzene, although widely used in industry, is a highly toxic environmental pollutant. To evaluate the toxicity of nitrobenzene to tobacco seedlings, seedlings were exposed to varying concentrations of nitrobenzene (0-100 mg/L) for 24 h. The contents of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide [H(2)O(2)] and sup...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1920
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulp and paper mill effluents have been linked to effects on fish reproduction for more than 25 years. To date, the causes of these effects and remedial strategies have eluded investigators. Recent work has shown that the degree of reproductive effect caused by a mill effluent is related to the overall organic content...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.526
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major problem with risk assessment of chemicals is the extrapolation of laboratory single-species toxicity tests, which oversimplify the actual field situation by ignoring species interactions, to natural communities. The authors tested if the bioavailability-normalized 5% hazardous concentration (HC5) estimated fro...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.3435
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory experiments were carried out to analyze the first valve closure response of a freshwater bivalve (Corbicula fluminea) exposed to uranium during a 5-h period. Experiments were performed in a well-defined artificial water at two pH values, 5.5 and 6.5, with a noninvasive method of valve recording. Sensitivity...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/02-604
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Australia, the collection of estuarine invertebrates from the field for whole-sediment toxicity tests is hindered because of temporal variability in their population densities and distributions. The present study aimed to develop culturing procedures for Melita plumulosa (Zeidler), an epibenthic and intertidal, dep...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/04-409r1.1
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sediments in urban waterways of Guangzhou, China, were contaminated by a variety of chemicals and showed prevalent toxicity to benthic organisms. A combination of whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) and bioavailability-based extraction was used to identify the causes of sediment toxicity. Of the 6 ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2970
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Baltic Sea is a heavily polluted area. To assess the current contaminant pressure on the common guillemot (Uria aalge) living there, whole-body extracts of guillemots from the Baltic Sea were prepared and subdivided over six fractions, which differed in composition due to lipophilicity and polarity of the contamin...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) is a halogenated aromatic nitrile herbicide used on a variety of crops for the postemergence control of annual broad-leaved weeds. The anaerobic biodegradability of bromoxynil and its aerobic transformation product, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate, were examined in enrichme...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) has been widely used as an explosive in munition formulations, resulting in contamination of wildlife habitat on military installations. To estimate health effects for reptilian species, acute, subacute, and subchronic oral toxicity studies were conducted using the Western...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/08-419.1
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fate of esfenvalerate was investigated by sampling and chemical analysis after spraying of an artificial pond (25 g a.i./ha) and in the laboratory with [14C]esfenvalerate by trapping of 14CO2 and fractionation of the sediment. The effects were investigated on pelagic communities in enclosures in a natural lake and...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<1570:faeoei>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tangshan city in Hebei Province is one of the most heavily polluted cities in China, with substantial industrial emissions. The development of effective air pollution emission reduction policies requires knowledge of the sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-enriched fine particulate matter...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4618
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study aims at investigating the effects of Zn, Ca, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the waterborne Cd bioaccumulation of a freshwater bivalve (Dreissena polymorpha). Mussels were exposed for 48 h at 3 µg/L of Cd in different media. Their physiological activities were assessed by separately measuring t...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.287
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major components of wastes from municipal gas plants and many wood preservatives. Soil contaminated with these wastes is a potential threat to human health because of the carcinogenicity of many PAHs. This study follows the fate of two four-ring PAHs, pyrene and chrysene, in...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although laboratory toxicology tests are generally easy to perform, cost effective, and readily interpreted, they have been questioned for their environmental relevance. In contrast, field tests are considered realistic while producing results that are difficult to interpret and expensive to obtain. Toxicology tests w...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.394
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) is a computerized model system to facilitate and harmonize health and environmental risk assessment of previously notified and new substances. For calculation of regional background exposure, a multimedia distribution model is used. In the present stud...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-529
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the occurrence and concentration of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) measured in game ducks (13 compounds), water, sediment, and soils (33 compounds) in waterways in Victoria, Australia. The study aimed to identify potential ecological and human health risks from measured PFAS conc...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4818
更新日期:2020-07-16 00:00:00
abstract::The assessment of chemicals as bioaccumulative in the regulatory process makes use of the bioconcentration factor as a metric. However, this metric does not account for the dietary uptake route and therefore cannot be applied to terrestrial food chains. In recent years, the biomagnification factor (BMF) and the trophi...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.2229
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species sensitivity distributions (SSD) were constructed using acute toxicity data of various cladoceran species collected in five different aquatic systems. The aim of this research was to study the relative acute cladoceran community sensitivity in different aquatic systems. Current risk assessment procedures are ba...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/03-067r.1
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In metal-polluted environments, high concentrations of metals such as zinc, cadmium, copper, and lead are present. Many studies have been conducted to determine uptake and binding of the nonessential, toxic metal cadmium. Effects of essential metals on this uptake and binding remain unclear. The aim of the present stu...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver and kidneys from grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in their natural habitats in Norwegian waters contain high levels of Cd and Hg as well as metallothionein (MT). The data show significant placental transfer of heavy metals in seals. The MT concentrations were higher in fetus liver and kidneys than in the liver an...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.5620181034
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers as a dose metric for toxicity testing was evaluated for hydrophobic pesticides to the midge Chironomus dilutus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Test compounds included p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDD), p,p'...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.1935
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current study describes the effect of cypermethrin, fluoxetine, and thiabendazole, at environmentally relevant concentrations, on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), using Xenopus laevis larvae as animal model. Cytokines and interleukins are considered good predictors of the...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.313
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined how subcellular partitioning of Cd in plants with different strategies to store and detoxify Cd may affect trophic transfer of Cd to the isopod Porcellio dilatatus. The plant species used were Lactuca sativa, a horticultural metal accumulator species; Thlaspi caerulescens, a herbaceous hyper...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/08-154.1
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory-based algal assays were developed to explore the bioavailability of copper to the marine alga Thalassiosira weissflogii. A calibration strategy was developed that avoided use of the synthetic ligand ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the Aquil growth medium, thereby allowing ambient metal speciation....
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/05-214r.1
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fish acute toxicity test method is foundational to aquatic toxicity testing strategies, yet the literature lacks a concise sample size assessment. Although various sources address sample size, historical precedent seems to play a larger role than objective measures. We present a novel and comprehensive quantificat...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4098
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estimates of potential aquatic exposure concentrations arising from the use of pyrethroid insecticides on cotton produced using conventional procedures outlined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Pesticide Programs Environmental Fate and Effects Division seem unrealistically high. Accordingly, the...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0669:praocp>2.0.co;2
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As technological interest and environmental emissions of the rare earth elements increase, it is becoming more important to assess their potential environmental impact. Samarium (Sm) is a lanthanide of intermediate molar mass that is used in numerous high-technology applications including wind turbines, solar panels, ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/etc.4106
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00