Abstract:
:Conventional kinetic models of brain glucose uptake and metabolism that visualize brain glucose as being in a single pool in equilibrium with plasma, are unable to account for some recently described experimental findings. These include microdialysis demonstrations of a brain extracellular fluid glucose concentration that is both low, and significantly affected by changes in neuronal activity; and observations of transient glucose export (transient negative whole-brain arteriovenous differences) in certain neuro-intensive care settings. A kinetic model that treats brain glucose as divided into more than one, kinetically distinct, compartment, implying the presence of a glucose "reservoir" behind the blood-brain barrier, and with plasma glucose initially entering a compartment other than the brain extracellular fluid, is more consistent with these experimental observations. Neuroanatomical considerations suggest that plasma glucose may initially exchange with an intracellular astrocytic glucose pool, rather than the brain extracellular fluid. Astrocyte glycogen, mobilized at times of increased neuronal activity, could form the reservoir whose presence is inferred from demonstrations of transient glucose export, but only if glycogenolytic products can be exported from astrocytes as glucose. This hypothesis is considered in the light of the frequently suggested concept of a "nutritional" role for perivascular astrocytes and invertebrate glia, taking up blood-borne glucose and passing on metabolic substrates to neurons. The implications of this model for 2-deoxyglucose-based methods for regional cerebral metabolic rate estimation are discussed. In general, errors due to the approximations inherent in the conventional three compartment kinetic model, may be expected to become less significant as metabolism is averaged over space and time. Thus the three-compartment model is probably acceptable for the description of metabolism at the relatively low spatial and temporal resolution of these techniques.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Forsyth RJdoi
10.1016/0197-0186(95)00094-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-03-01 00:00:00pages
231-41issue
3eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754pii
0197018695000941journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Minocycline is neuroprotective in animal models of a number of acute CNS injuries, neurodegenerative diseases and CNS infection. While anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Minocycline have been characterized, the molecular basis for the neuroprotective effects of Minocycline remains unclear. We report here ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2009.01.022
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral infections are implicated in the onset and promotion of autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals. In this study, immune response patterns to herpes viruses were compared in aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody positive central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis (MS). Serum samples of pati...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.08.003
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine is a neuromodulator that can control brain damage through activation of A(1), A(2A) and A(3) receptors, which are located in both neurons and other brain cells. We took advantage of cultured neurons to investigate the role of neuronal adenosine receptors in the control of neurotoxicity caused by kainate and ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2005.05.009
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Na+-dependent uptake of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in astrocytes increases cell energy demands primarily due to the elevated ATP consumption by glutamine synthetase and Na+, K+-ATPase. The major pool of GLAST/EAAT1, the only glutamate transporter subtype expressed by human fetal astrocytes in undifferentiat...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.12.015
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single molecular species of GTP-binding protein (G protein) has been purified from the bovine cerebral cortex. The immunoblot analysis indicated that the isolated G protein might be Gi1 or Gi2 but not Go, since it was reacted by specific antibodies, anti-Gi alpha 1-2 and anti-Gi alpha 1-1, but not anti-Go alpha. Whe...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00138-6
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been reported that mutations of gammaPKC cause hereditary spinocerebellar atrophy type 14 (SCA14). Our recent study has revealed that the SCA14 mutant gammaPKC is susceptible to aggregation and causes cell death. Among mutations/polymorphisms of gammaPKC, the R659S mutation was firstly segregated from families ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.05.005
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence measurements and singlet singlet energy transfer experiments on endothelin-1 provide information on the conformation of this peptide in dilute aqueous solution. The tyrosine fluorescence quantum yield in the absence of transfer (in [Phe(21)]endothelin-1) is relatively large (?(tyr) = 0.39), indicating the...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(91)90144-3
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is expressed in the blood-brain barrier endothelium where it effluxes a range of drug substrates, preventing their accumulation within the brain. P-gp has been studied extensively for 40 years because of its crucial role in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and el...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2016.05.005
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::One- and two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns and distribution of major cytoskeletal proteins were studied in primary astrocytes with either flat-epitheloid or stellate appearance. No major differences in the electrophoretic patterns of actin, tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin were detec...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(84)90126-8
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of insects and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a target for neonicotinoid insecticides. Functional insect nAChRs are difficult to express in host cells, and hence difficult to study. In mammals, acetylcholine and nicotine evo...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.012
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The disposition of labelled [3H]GM1lactone, the inner ester of ganglioside GM1, was studied in the rat. After i.v. administration [3H]GM1lactone was quickly converted to its corresponding open form most likely by plasma esterases, and then displayed a pharmacokinetic profile identical to [3H]GM1. Following intramuscul...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(92)90050-2
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel copper-containing protein has been isolated in electrophoretically homogeneous state from bovine brain extracts. Some physico-chemical properties of the protein are determined (molecular weight, copper content, isoelectric point, amino acid composition, optical and EPR spectra), and they are compared with thos...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(88)90071-x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neuronal iron accumulation is thought to be relevant to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), although the mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized that neuronal iron uptake may be stimulated by functional mitochondrial iron deficiency. OBJECTIVE:To determine firstly whether the mitochondrial toxi...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2011.05.006
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the industrialized nations. One of the consequences of stroke is blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and subsequent edema, which is one of the causes of mortality in this pathology. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the most abundant water chann...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2007.10.004
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a devastating neurological disease that is inevitably fatal after 3-5years duration. Treatment options are minimal and as such new therapeutic modalities are required. In this review, we discuss the role of the myostatin pathway as a modulator of skeletal muscle mass and therapeutic ap...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.016
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of aging and CDP-choline treatment (20 mg kg⁻¹ body weight i.p. for 28 days) on the maximal rates (V(max)) of representative mitochondrial enzyme activities related to Krebs' cycle (citrate synthase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase), glutamate and related amino acid metabolism (glutamate...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.10.009
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron accumulation is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. To demonstrate the relationship between peripheral iron overload and dopaminergic neuron loss in rat substantia nigra (SN), in the present study we used fast cyclic voltammetry, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry, Pe...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2007.03.006
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catalpol has been shown to rescue neurons from kinds of damage in vitro and in vivo in previous reports. However, the effect of catalpol on the nitric oxide (NO) system via MAPKs signaling pathway of mesencephalic neurons largely remains to be verified. The current study examined that whether catalpol modulated NO and...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2008.12.003
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A low density of brain IR2-imidazoline receptive sites has previously been linked to depression. In this study we evaluated brain IR2-binding sites in a rat model of depression, olfactory bulbectomy, and determined the effects of chronic imipramine treatment in vivo on these sites. Compared with sham-operated controls...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00043-5
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review summarizes our present view on the molecular pathogenesis of human (h) E3-deficiency caused by a variety of genetic alterations with a special emphasis on the moonlighting biochemical phenomena related to the affected (dihydro)lipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH, E3, gene: dld), in particular the generation of r...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.018
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the properties of ischemic condition-induced and veratridine-evoked [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) release from rat spinal cord slices were compared. It was expected that ischemia mimicked by oxygen and glucose deprivation results in the impairment of Na+/K+ -ATPase with a consequent elevation of the intrac...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(00)00124-8
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rasagiline is a propargylamine and irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitor used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has demonstrated neuroprotective properties in laboratory studies. Current concepts of PD aetiopathogenesis include the role of alpha-synuclein, protein aggregation, free radical m...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.06.017
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown recently that the N-terminal domain of the dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a role in several transporter functions. Here we provide evidence for a possible cellular mechanism of how the N-terminus of dopamine transporter might be removed in vivo. We isolated a recombinant N-terminal protein region o...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2008.04.001
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to investigate, whether dopamine D1 and/or D2 receptors are able to interfere with the ATP-induced increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured striatal neurons identified by their morphological characteristics and their [Ca2+]i transients in response to a hig...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2007.06.013
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) enzymes react with polyunsaturated fatty acids producing active lipid metabolites that are involved in plethora of human diseases including neurological disorders. A great many of elegant studies over the last decades have contributed to unraveling the mechanism how 12/15-lipoxygenas...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.002
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differentiation of myelin-forming Schwann cells (SC) is completed with the appearance of myelin proteins MBP and P(0) and a concomitant downregulation of markers GFAP and p75NTR, which are expressed by immature and adult non-myelin-forming SC. We have previously demonstrated that holotransferrin (hTf) can prevent ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.06.023
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder mostly affecting the aging population over sixty. Cardinal symptoms including, tremors, muscle rigidity, drooping posture, drooling, walking difficulty, and autonomic symptoms appear when a significant number of nigrostriatal dopaminergic ne...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2013.06.005
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ketogenic diet (KD) is used for the treatment of refractory epilepsy in children, however, the mechanism(s) remains largely unknown. Also, the antiepileptogenic potential in animal models of epilepsy has been poorly addressed. Activation of cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB(1)-R) upon seizure activity may mediate ne...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2008.10.012
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical cells from embryonic mice (E17) showed a rapid cell-death under the serum-free condition. The addition of nefiracetam at 0.1-10 microM increased the survival activity, while aniracetam at the same concentrations did not. The cell death was characterized to be apoptotic, since dead cells showed nuclear condens...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00080-8
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rat corticoencephalic cell cultures were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography for changes in the levels of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP), uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP), and the respective nucleoside diphosphates. Hypoxia was induced b...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00102-4
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00