Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence: comparisons among countries and categories of smokers.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES:To collect available international data on nicotine dependence as defined by the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence, and to compare levels of dependence among countries and categories of smokers. DATA SOURCES:Published and unpublished studies known to the authors and a search of EMBASE from 1985-1995. STUDY SELECTION:Studies included were those based on a nationally representative sample of a country's population, or a sample of smokers seeking cessation assistance. DATA SYNTHESIS:Smokers who seek help in stopping smoking are much more dependent than the average smoker. Men consistently score higher on dependence than women. Ex-smokers appear to have lower dependence than current smokers. A country with low smoking prevalence, the United States, seems to have smokers with higher dependence scores than countries where smoking is more prevalent (such as Austria and Poland). CONCLUSIONS:Successful tobacco control may result in a higher dependence among the remaining smokers (due to selective quitting by low-dependent smokers). The remaining highly dependent smokers may need more intensive treatment.

journal_name

Tob Control

journal_title

Tobacco control

authors

Fagerström KO,Kunze M,Schoberberger R,Breslau N,Hughes JR,Hurt RD,Puska P,Ramström L,Zatoński W

doi

10.1136/tc.5.1.52

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1996-04-01 00:00:00

pages

52-6

issue

1

eissn

0964-4563

issn

1468-3318

journal_volume

5

pub_type

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