Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To collect available international data on nicotine dependence as defined by the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence, and to compare levels of dependence among countries and categories of smokers. DATA SOURCES:Published and unpublished studies known to the authors and a search of EMBASE from 1985-1995. STUDY SELECTION:Studies included were those based on a nationally representative sample of a country's population, or a sample of smokers seeking cessation assistance. DATA SYNTHESIS:Smokers who seek help in stopping smoking are much more dependent than the average smoker. Men consistently score higher on dependence than women. Ex-smokers appear to have lower dependence than current smokers. A country with low smoking prevalence, the United States, seems to have smokers with higher dependence scores than countries where smoking is more prevalent (such as Austria and Poland). CONCLUSIONS:Successful tobacco control may result in a higher dependence among the remaining smokers (due to selective quitting by low-dependent smokers). The remaining highly dependent smokers may need more intensive treatment.
journal_name
Tob Controljournal_title
Tobacco controlauthors
Fagerström KO,Kunze M,Schoberberger R,Breslau N,Hughes JR,Hurt RD,Puska P,Ramström L,Zatoński Wdoi
10.1136/tc.5.1.52subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-04-01 00:00:00pages
52-6issue
1eissn
0964-4563issn
1468-3318journal_volume
5pub_type
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