Abstract:
:1. The present review focuses on the cytotoxic effects of iodinated contrast media (CM) that are shared by all types of CM. 2. Although the clinical nephrotoxicity of CM has been progressively improved, all currently available CM still possess a level of cytotoxicity, which is probably caused by iodine. 3. The toxicity caused by specific CM properties, such as osmolarity, viscosity and ionic strength, can be differentiated from the cytotoxicity common to all CM in studies using cell culture, isolated blood vessels and isolated tubules. 4. The cytotoxicity induced by CM leads to apoptosis and cell death of endothelial and tubular cells and may be initiated by cell membrane damage, together with oxidative stress. 5. Cell damage may be aggravated by factors such as tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia, properties of individual CM, such as ionic strength, high osmolarity and/or viscosity, and clinically unfavourable conditions. 6. Clinically detectable renal failure may result from the summation of all these factors.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Sendeski MMdoi
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05503.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
292-9issue
5eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681journal_volume
38pub_type
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
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