Abstract:
:A number of methods have been developed to assess the impact of a xenobiotic on the various components of the immune system. For risk analysis, it is necessary to determine what degree of chemically induced immune perturbation translates into altered host resistance. Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the innate immune system with the ability to lyse cells infected with intracellular pathogens and certain tumors without previous exposure to the antigen. Spontaneous NK activity in B6C3F1 mice could be incrementally and consistently decreased by 20 to > or =80% by the intravenous administration of a range of dilutions of anti-asialo GM1 (AAGM1) antibody. The decrease in spontaneous NK activity following a single iv administration of AAGM1 antibody persisted for up to approximately 3 weeks when the initial suppression (e.g., 24 h after AAGM1 antibody injection) was almost 100%. Treatment with AAGM1, however, did not appear to perturb the function of other immune cells, based on results of the plaque assay, the mixed lymphocyte response, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay, the reticuloendothelial system clearance of sRBC assay, and the Streptococcus pneumoniae host resistance assay. Following a > or =80% decrease in spontaneous NK activity in mice, challenge with > or =1 x 10(3) B16F10 melanoma cells resulted in an increase in tumor burden based on the number of lung nodules. However, following challenge with 1 x 10(5) melanoma cells, a significant increase in tumor burden in mice was not observed until spontaneous NK activity had been decreased by > or =50-60%. Altered host resistance is a function not only of the magnitude of the decrease in NK activity but also of the magnitude of the challenge to the host.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Wilson SD,McCay JA,Butterworth LF,Munson AE,White KL Jrdoi
10.1006/taap.2001.9298subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-12-15 00:00:00pages
208-18issue
3eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041-008X(01)99298-1journal_volume
177pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We report that there is a time-related change in the phospholipase C (PLC) activities of rat brain cytosol and membrane fractions after iv injection of a soman-like or a sarin-like organophosphorous agent (bis(isopropyl methyl)phosphonate [BIMP] and bis(pinacolyl methyl)phosphonate [BPMP]). PLCgamma was activated in t...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8628
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is a widely studied Sertoli cell toxicant. Here we describe alterations in Sertoli cell vimentin filament distribution and the incidence of testicular germ cell apoptosis in young (28-day-old) Fischer rats that were treated with MEHP (2 microgram/kg, po) and killed 0, 3, 6, or 12 h...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0055
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zidovudine (ZDV) is a thymidine analogue activated to its triphosphate (ZDVTP) by the host's intracellular enzymes. The initial phosphorylation step is conversion to ZDV monophosphate (ZDVMP). The poor affinity of ZDVMP for thymidylate kinase results in intracellular accumulation of ZDVMP. Clinical use of ZDV is assoc...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2001.9288
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Apocynin (acetovanillone) is often used as a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. In N11 glial cells, apocynin induced, in a dose-dependent way, a significant increase of both malonyldialdehyde level (index of lipid peroxidation) and lactate dehydrogenase release (index of a cytotoxic effect). Apocynin evoked also, in...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2005.07.011
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent commonly found in a variety of personal care products and cosmetics. TCS readily enters the environment through wastewater and is detected in human plasma, urine, and breast milk due to its widespread use. Studies have implicated TCS as a disruptor of thyroid and estrogen sign...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.013
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stress response proteins can play integral roles as modulators of cellular function and can be involved in mechanisms that are important to immune function. Metallothionein (MT), a cysteine-rich stress response protein, has been shown to play numerous roles in the cell: it serves as a reservoir of essential heavy meta...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2000.8961
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid rafts are microdomains of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and play an important role in the initiation of many pharmacological agent-induced signaling pathways and toxicological effects. The structure of lipid rafts is dynamic, resulting in an ever-changing content of both lipids a...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.007
更新日期:2012-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::A case study was conducted, using dibutyl phthalate (DBP), to explore an approach to using toxicogenomic data in risk assessment. The toxicity and toxicogenomic data sets relative to DBP-related male reproductive developmental outcomes were considered conjointly to derive information about mode and mechanism of action...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2010.09.006
更新日期:2013-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to develop a biologically based dynamic model for predicting the distribution and elimination of methyl mercury and its metabolite, inorganic mercury, under a variety of exposure scenarios in rats. A model is proposed based on a multicompartment approach; each compartment represents an ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2000.9112
更新日期:2001-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro modulation of muscarinic autoreceptor function by the organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterases chlorpyrifos oxon, paraoxon, and methyl paraoxon. Acetylcholine (ACh) release was studied by preloading slices from rat striatum with [3H]choline and depolarizing wi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2001.9326
更新日期:2002-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that fumonisin B1 (FB1) inhibits ceramide synthase, resulting in accumulation of free sphinganine and sphingosine. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) plays an important role in FB1 toxicity and the expression of TNFalpha mRNA in liver and kidney is increased following FB1 exposure in mi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2001.9189
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methyl palmitate (MP) has been shown earlier to inhibit Kupffer cells and rat peritoneal macrophages. To evaluate the potential of MP to inhibit the activation of other macrophages, RAW cells (macrophages of alveolar origin) were treated with varying concentrations of MP (0.25, 0.5, 1mM). Assessment of cytotoxicity us...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.016
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of neurons, astrocytes, reactive glia, oligodendrocytes, endothelia, and pericytes in the cortex of the calcarine sulcus of adult female Macaca fascicularis following long-term subclinical exposure to methyl mercury (MeHg) and mercuric chloride (inorganic mercury; IHg) has been estimated by use of the optic...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1244
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The comparative antiestrogenic effects of progesterone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on cytosolic and nuclear estrogen (ERc and ERn, respectively) and progesterone (PRc and PRn, respectively) receptor levels were determined in female Long Evans rats. Estradiol treatment typically increases ER and PR l...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(88)90177-9
更新日期:1988-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::B200 cells are Ni(II)-transformed mouse BALB/c-3T3 fibroblasts displaying a malignant phenotype and increased resistance to Ni(II) toxicity. In an attempt to find genes whose expression has been altered by the transformation, the Atlas Mouse Stress/Toxicology cDNA Expression Array (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Palo Al...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.006
更新日期:2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, CYP3A isozymes collectively comprise the largest portion of the liver and small intestinal CYP protein. They are involved in the metabolism of an extensive range of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics and make a significant contribution to the termination of the action of steroid hormones. A full-length ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.019
更新日期:2005-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Renal glutathione (GSH) concentrations were reduced approximately 80% at 4 hr after a single injection of buthionine sulfoxime (BSO) (4 mmol/kg body wt) and remained reduced for at least 16 hr in male rats. Following BSO injection, rats were injected with a nephrotoxic dose of cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT) (0.3 mg C...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(89)90182-8
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inter-relationship of "Thresholds" between chemical mixtures and their respective component single chemicals was studied using three sets of data and two types of analyses. Two in vitro data sets involve cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes from treatment of metals and a metal mixture [Bae, D.S., Gennings, C., Cart...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.11.016
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the potential effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity with regards to nitric oxide and prostanoid production, as well as potassium channel function, in rat thoracic arteries. Newborn male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with typically reported MSG (4.0 mg/g) once daily for 4 c...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.016
更新日期:2018-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The rate-limiting step in chemically induced, male rat-specific hyaline droplet nephropathy is the reversible binding of a xenobiotic to alpha 2u-globulin. In this study, equilibrium saturation binding experiments were conducted to evaluate the in vitro binding of d-limonene-1,2-oxide (dLO) and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-penta...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90296-5
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Celecoxib, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, is being investigated for enhancement of chemotherapy efficacy in cancer clinical trials. This study investigates the ability of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors to sensitize cells from different origins to several chemotherapeutic agents. The effect of the drug's mechanism of a...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.019
更新日期:2011-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-neoplastic antibiotic used to treat a variety of malignancies; however, its use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated arachidonic acid metabolites and the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disease...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.09.012
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanol induces cumulative liver damage including steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the global intrahepatic gene expression profile in the mouse liver treated with ethanol. A single oral dose of 0.5 or 5 g/kg ethanol was administered to male ICR mice, and liver samples w...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.06.018
更新日期:2007-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Health agencies are often required to predict the effects of long term low level exposure in humans based on annual data involving short-term high-level exposures. Uncertainties in extrapolation can be, in part, based on potentially different mechanism associated with different exposure scenarios. This study evaluated...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0155
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Traffic related particulate matter air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular events; however, the biological mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesize that diesel exhaust (DE) inhalation induces up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is known to contribute to vascular dysfunction...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.013
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thiazacridine derivatives (ATZD) are a novel class of cytotoxic agents that combine an acridine and thiazolidine nucleus. In this study, the cytotoxic action of four ATZD were tested in human colon carcinoma HCT-8 cells: (5Z)-5-acridin-9-ylmethylene-3-(4-methylbenzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione - AC-4; (5ZE)-5-acridin-9-y...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.010
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to environmental contaminants such as activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) leads to the induction of defense and detoxification mechanisms. While these mechanisms allow organisms to metabolize and excrete at least some of these environmental contaminants, it has been proposed that these mechanism...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.017
更新日期:2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly invasive and have a higher rate of distant metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a crucial role in EGF/EGFR-mediated malignant progression and metastasis of TNBCs. Various studies have revealed that treatment with gallic acid down-regulates MMP-9 express...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.007
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::3-Methylindole (3MI), a fermentation product of tryptophan produced by intestinal and ruminal microflora, has been shown to cause pneumotoxicity in several species subsequent to cytochrome P450-mediated biotransformation. Among several species studied, rabbits are comparatively resistant to 3MI-induced pneumotoxicity,...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1993.1186
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, SM] is a well-known DNA-damaging agent that has been used in chemical warfare since World War I, and is a weapon that could potentially be used in a terrorist attack on a civilian population. Dermal exposure to high concentrations of SM produces severe, long-lasting burns. To...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.010
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00